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The concept of disinformation in the practice of international organizations
Get PDFThis paper deals with a conceptual understanding of the term disinformation as it used in the political
documents and strategies of international organizations. While fully acknowledging that various risks related to
the spreading of disinformation in the “digital ecosystem” are very serious, we find that a precise definition of the
term disinformation is difficult to draw. As a consequence of certain ambiguities in the various definitions used by
international organizations, there is a high risk of human rights violations, especially of the freedom of expression.
Unprecise and ambiguous legal terms leave a broad space for abuse by state bodies. Ultimately, the cure might
by worse than the disease
Digital Connectivity for Work after Hours Amid COVID-19: The Case of Public Sector in Lithuania
Get PDFIn Lithuania the implementation of telework in public sector is not very prominent. However, amid
COVID-19 and national lockdown situation new measures had to be taken and in some public sector entities
telework was introduced for the first time. With implementation of this new work mode, digital connectivity for
work after hours became a prominent practice. To evaluate how this work model shift influenced employees (why
they work and what outcomes such work generates), a qualitative research method, interviews, was applied in
case of 2 public sector entities in Lithuania where telework was not considered to be a normal practice. Even
though being a pilot study, the results of this research revealed that after the introduction of telework and given
the access to digital technologies for work related matters, employees tend to experience increased work
engagement, have more flexibility to manage their work time and undesirable outcomes of such work model are
not as negative and severe as can be predicted. This case study introduces the topic not explored in depth
heretofore and suggests ingenious conclusions on the matter. Results of this study support and contradict previous
literature and propose additional insights. One of the most important practical implications refers to the findings
that introduction of telework for the first time in public sector has more benefits than undesired outcomes with
only insignificant undesirable outcomes
Link Between Adult Literacy and Participation in the Labour Market: Central European Region
Get PDFCC BY-NC 4.0Human capital, together with financial and material resources, is an important
factor in the economy of society. Human capital can be defined in different
ways, but knowledge, abilities, skills, competences, or literacy, in general, are
essential parts. It can be said that literacy is the cornerstone of human capital.
According to the basic principles of the theory of employment, factors such
as education, gender, age, health, marital status, and emigration have a major
impact on participation in the labour market. However, in scientific discourse,
there is a strong emphasis on these factors and the importance of literacy.
However, there is a lack of studies specifically analysing the links between
literacy and participation in the labour market. In particular, it is important
to analyse whether literacy is equally important for participation in the labour
market in different regions and countries. This article analyses the link between
participation in the labour market and literacy in the Central European region.
Six Central European countries are analysed based on the International Survey
of Adult Skills OECD PIAAC. An analysis of the main parameters showing
how a person participates in the labour market suggests there is a link between
a person’s literacy and their working status, type of employment contract,
managerial position, and economic sector
On the main concepts of criminalistics policy – the harmonizations vector
No full textThis article provides insights into the concepts of justice
and criminalistics policy, their purification, conceptualization,
interrelationships and their links to security, highlighting the
multidimensionality of the contemporary understanding of
security and distinguishing it as an independent megatrend.
Opinions on the concept of justice policy in legal science in
general, and even more so in the context of criminalistics
science, are not unanimous and certainly require a detailed
scientific analysis and understanding, examining not only the
concepts of these policies, but also their interrelationships
with each other and their overall relationship with ensuring modern security. This article presents an initial attempt to
formulate the content of the concept of criminalistics policy.
Therefore, the main goal of the article is to actualize significant
concepts related to criminalistics policy. In addition, in
this study it underlines repeatedly the need to harmonise the
basic tenets of criminalistics schools and launches a scientific
debate on the ENFSI’s Forensic Science Strategy 2030. The
research used comparative, systematic analysis and content
analysis methods
Markovo tikimybėmis ir taisyklėmis pagrįstų slaptažodžių parinkimo metodų apžvalga ir palyginimas
No full textOffline password guessing is an important procedure for
forensic encrypted data examination where the data must be
decrypted first. The most common password guessing attacks
are dictionary and brute-force, but the main drawback of a
brute-force attack is the size of a set of all possible password
candidates, which grows exponentially with the length of the
password. The analysis of leaked password databases shows
that users tend to use easy-to-remember passwords. It means
that many passwords usually consist of a logical structure -
they are not just random character sets. Forensic information technology experts could exploit this defect using different
offline password guessing strategies relying on new password
generation rules, machine learning, and natural language
processing. This research offers a survey and comparison of
the state-of-the-art password guessing methods such as Rulebased,
Markov, Probabilistic Context-Free Grammar which
can be applied in forensic IT examinations
The Impact of Public Policy on the Circular Economy and Environmental Security
Get PDFTo target a negative trend of people polluting the environment, governments around the globe are
actively introducing legislations to discourage usage of damaging products and encourage citizens towards more
environmentally friendly behavior. However, it is still not clear how and if such policies affect citizens’ behavior
in other domains – whether there exists any positive/negative spillover effect from governmental sustainable
policies on consumers’ purchasing patterns. In this article, we explored this issue using the example of Western
European countries, where a ban on the use of free plastic bags has been introduced since 2016. We implemented
difference-in-difference analysis between two groups of citizens: those who live in provinces where local
government takes an active environmental role and those – where local government does not. In addition, we
differentiated on the citizens’ environmental motivation: whether they are concerned about environmental issue
and claim to actively take actions in reducing harm towards the planet or not. By comparing the monthly shares
of products in plastic packaging sales before and after the ban, we found that spillover happened only among low
environmentally oriented consumers. The spillover showed to be negative, indicating that, on contrary to the
intended goal, introduction of governmental ban increased the purchases of plastic products. In addition, we found
a clear spillover evidence only for flavored drinks category, confirming that the spillover does not take place
beyond products/actions which are closely associated with the ban
Factors influencing the integration of health care and social services at the outpatient level in Lithuania
Get PDFCC BY-NC 4.0The Lithuanian Progress Strategy “Lithuania 2030” enshrines the vision and
development priorities of the state, and the measures for their implementation, which
must be implemented by 2030. One of the development directions in the strategy is the
development of personal health care services and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. In
order to achieve this strategic goal, it is planned to: improve the quality of health care
services, increase patients' health literacy and involvement in the treatment process,
increase the efficiency and resilience of the healthcare system, move from inpatient to
model care, strengthen primary health care and outpatient health care. to increase the
availability of care services, and to implement a long-term care model that integrates
nursing and social services (Council implementing decision, 2021). The document states
that the implemented long-term care model could help to make more efficient use of
available resources in Lithuania: reduce the need for medical staff, ensure the availability
and quality of long-term care services, reduce the burden on the health care system and
facilitate patient care for informal caregivers. The current quality indicators of the
outpatient and inpatient health care in Lithuanian state that the efficiency of the health
care system could be significantly increased by moving from inpatient to outpatient health
care services (OECD, 2019). Lithuania needs stronger long-term care (LTC) system to meet
current and future needs. The share of the population aged 65 years and over is expected
to grow from 20% in 2019 to 32% in 2050, about 30% of older Lithuanians have LTC needs.
The governance of long-term care is fragmented between the Ministry of Health, the
Ministry of Social Security and Labor, and the municipalities. About 2.9% of older people
received home social/assistance care services in 2020 from social services and over 7.3% of
older people received at least one outpatient home nursing service. OECD (2022) is argued
that the provision of health and social services cannot meet the growing demand for these
services, as more than 30% of over 65 older people have a need for a variety of care services. Legislation providing for the joint provision of nursing and social care exists but does not appear to be implemented in practice (OECD, 2022). The current gap between legislation
on health care and social services can be seen as a conflict between health care and social
services, which currently hinders the integrated organization and delivery of these
services. Researchers acknowledge that fragmentation of health and social care services in
Lithuania is evident: a lack of collaboration between the team of GPs and social workers
providing services to patients at home, which is particularly pronounced in the provision
of care for elderly patients with dementia (Kontrimiene et al. 2021). The authors point out
that the path towards service integration is not an easy task, as cooperation often depends
on the characteristics of personal care providers rather than the correct implementation of
legal requirements, and it is proposed to promote effective cooperation mechanisms
between providers, effective partnership-based cooperation mechanisms that go beyond
formal health and social care
Formation of Transnational Labor Flows in Conditions of the Labor Market Globalization: Conceptual Discourse
Get PDFThe article considers the formation of international labor flows at the stage of the labor market
globalization. The formation of the global labor space as the basis for the world economy development is
certified.
The aim of the study is to analyze the role of transnational corporations in the formation of the global labor
space and to determine the features of the formation of transnational labor flows in the globalization of the labor
market.
The role of transnational corporations in the development of the world labor market is highlighted. It is
established that the globalization of labor supply of the economy is a manifestation of the labor market
transnationalization: transnational structures form a separate segment of the world labor market with its own
patterns of labor movement, causing the phenomenon of labor flows transnationalization.
It’s stated that segmentation of the world labor market indicates the peculiarities of demand for labor
resources, their skills and the international labor division - the labor force in the world labor market is diverse
and differs from the one which appears only in national markets, it is characterized by high mobility and
adaptability employers.
The concentration of human resources of the required quality, knowledge and experience within TNCs, as
well as the global organization of management allow such companies to optimally locate structural units on a
global scale. Taking advantage of the transnational structure, they can benefit from international differences in
the business cycle, productivity, characteristics of demand, taxation, etc.
It is emphasized that a special segment of the transnational labor space is highly qualified workers. It is
substantiated that in the long run transnational corporations will play a crucial role in generating requirements
for quality labor force indicators worldwide.
The formation of the phenomenon of labor flows transnationalization is characterized, the emergence of
the self-organization effect of these labor flows is stated. It is concluded that the activities of transnational
corporations lead to the phenomenon of labor world economic division, in which human capital is positioned as
a source of companies’ competitiveness