Mykolas Romeris University Institutional Repository
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The Particularities of the Constitutional Institute of Seimas Ombudsmen
No full textThe constitutional institute of Seimas ombudsmen is comparable
to the internationally well-known institute of the ombudsman (ombudsperson).
The doctrine formed by the Constitutional Court reflects the functional
dualism of this institute. The institution of the Seimas ombudsmen, which is
not a part of the legislature, the executive, or the judiciary, is interpreted as
a control institution, and at the same time is a supplementary (subsidiary)
independent institutional guarantee of human rights in relation to the court.
The restriction established by law on the competence of administrative courts
not to investigate the decisions of Seimas ombudsmen may be assessed as a
guarantee
of independence, which does not prevent a person who believes that
their constitutional rights or freedoms have been violated (abused) by State or
local governmental officials from appealing to the court. The guarantees of the
independence of Seimas ombudsmen are essential, and although the Constitutional
Court has not fully disclosed the features of the concept of the independence
of Seimas ombudsmen, it is assumed that some essential provisions
of the official constitutional doctrine formulated by the Constitutional Court
regarding the independence of courts and the motives of court decisions are
mutatis mutandis applicable to the Seimas ombudsmen institution. The provision
of the Law on the Seimas Ombudsmen, according to which the powers of
the ombudsman could be terminated when more than half of all members of
the Seimas express a vote of no confidence, raises reasonable doubts about its
constitutionality and compliance with the international criteria of the ombudsperson’s
independence
Assessing financial security and its impact on income inequality in EU countries
No full textThe dissertation analyzes the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interaction between the country’s financial security and income inequality, identifies the fundamental components of the country’s financial security, proposes the structure of the aggregate financial security index, and develops a model for assessing the impact of the country’s financial security on income inequality. In the first stage of the study, the financial security of EU countries was assessed. The results of the study revealed that the highest financial security is in EU countries with a market-based type of financial system structure. The second phase of the study assessed the impact of the country’s financial security on income inequality. The results of the quantile regression analysis revealed that the strength of the impact of a country’s financial security on income inequality depends both on the prevailing type of financial system in the country and on the depth and level of income inequality. In all cases, however, the country’s financial security has been found to increase income inequality statistically significantly. The results of the study reveal that as the country’s financial security increases, income inequality increases both in terms of the lowest income and in terms of the average income. The results of this study can be applied in the search for more effective measures to reduce income inequality and the risk of poverty
Business Customer Satisfaction with B2B Consulting Services: AHP-Based Criteria for a New Perspective
Full text linkCC BY 4.0The paper aims to take a novel look to customer satisfaction with B2B service through the
lens of customer perception of service quality criterions. By literature review, service quality models
define sets of key factors, however, do not rank them by significance. Based on AHP analysis of
expert interview results, we argue that the current models of service quality reflect business customer
perceptions partially. This is a gap in B2B service quality knowledge that this study seeks to fill. The
quality criterions play a role in building a positive balance between the customers’ expected and
perceived value of services. Thus, we propose the model of customer satisfaction with factors divided
into essential, significant, sufficient, and marginal according to their level of significance. The model
may encourage academics to understand customer satisfaction criteria in service quality not only as
generic sets but also at the importance of the criteria themselves in relation to each other. In the aspect
of practical implication, the model can help B2B enterprises to rationally manage resources on set
quality priorities to achieve customer satisfaction and, hence, to ensure organization sustainability by
more effective organizational resource management. The model also can benefit B2B customers when
considering service providers capable of delivering service quality which meets the expectations
Nusikaltimų tyrimo mechanizmai taikomi bendradarbiaujant su užsienio teisėsaugos institucijomis
No full textInternational cooperation is a highly important process
in law enforcement activities, playing a key role not only in
identifying, clarifying, controlling, and preventing crimes but
also in developing international relations. Over the last decade, both European Union (EU) states and other countries
declared they are carrying out international cooperation in
the field of law enforcement activities; however, is the cooperation efficient and in the right direction, and does it help
control and prevent crime?
The Article draws from previous research and presents
a brief analysis of the development of international cooperation in the criminal investigation within the EU and across
the world. To assess the development of police cooperation
within the EU, the author studies police cooperation on a
global scale, identifying and presenting reasons that drive
this cooperation and dictate the need therefore. Accordingly,
by comparing global trends, the Article presents the development of police cooperation within the EU, raises issues facing
law enforcement agencies and identifies possible police cooperation models. The need for law enforcement cooperation
arises from transnational crimes, i. e., the cases where a crime
affects two or more countries
Irregular migration: new chalenges and issues
Full text linkThis article presents actualities of issues of migration. Migration is a highly discussed and contested
issue in most transit or destination States. The analysis of current trends in migration leads to the conclusion that
this issue increased in the last decade and have tendencies to continue in near future. It means that more people
will decide to change their place of living, and every country will become a source of transit or final destination
of migration. Migration processes taking place within state borders. Control of national borders is seen as an
essential aspect of the sovereign State.
States adopt increasingly restrictive rules, same times fueled by popular hostility to immigrants. The main task, by
using content analysis method is to show, that migration issues remain important in today's context and require
continuous focus and adaptation of common instruments to manage migration flows. As illustrative example was
taken data collected by Frontex
Testamentas ir esminis drebulys (tremoras)
No full textForensic Document Examination refers to a vast number
of different kinds of disputed documents. One of the most
common cases is the examination of testaments which are
usually written by elderly people. Information about historical
events and medical documentation regarding the health
status of the testator in the suspected period is necessary
and useful for the expert. These cases very often demand the
expansion of the borders of knowledge of the expert’s specialization.
Medical assistants are sometimes needed in order to
interpret the scientific nature of the clinical records, so as to
give practical information to the Document Expert. In this
way he will be able to estimate in the correct direction the graphical findings so as to avoid being influenced by factors
that are not crucial for the definition of the conclusion. Coeval
comparative material is more than necessary especially
in testaments. There are cases though, where the age involves
particular phenomena in the graphic skill, which are well defined
by international bibliography. Essential tremor belongs
to this category. We make a reference to the characteristics of
essential tremor and we analyze a case study of a testament
which presents these elements
Insights from Empirical Results on Robotics in Early Childhood Education: Lithuanian Case
Full text linkCC BY-NC-ND 4.0The paper aims to research the benefits of
robotics to early childhood education, specifically
prosocial values. The study examined a sample (n =
130) of children from fourteen kindergartens in one
Lithuanian region aged 3-4 and 5-6 years old. The
results demonstrated statistically significant
differences in both groups learning with and without
robots regarding collaboration, interest, and joy
measures. However, there was no statistically
significant difference in group 3-4 children regarding
the difficulties measure. Also, the results revealed that
children aged 5-6 had fewer difficulties in learning
using the robot than without robots. This study
provides insights that activities with robots foster
positive emotions and prosocial values and decreases
negative emotions while learning with robots
ISO-based Annotated Multilingual Parallel Corpus for Discourse Markers
Full text linkCC-BY-NC 4.0Discourse markers carry information about the discourse structure and organization, and also signal local dependencies or
epistemological stance of speaker. They provide instructions on how to interpret the discourse, and their study is paramount
to understand the mechanism underlying discourse organization. This paper presents a new language resource, an ISO-based
annotated multilingual parallel corpus for discourse markers. The corpus comprises nine languages, Bulgarian, Lithuanian,
German, European Portuguese, Hebrew, Romanian, Polish, and Macedonian, with English as a pivot language. In order to
represent the meaning of the discourse markers, we propose an annotation scheme of discourse relations from ISO 24617-8
with a plug-in to ISO 24617-2 for communicative functions. We describe an experiment in which we applied the annotation
scheme to assess its validity. The results reveal that, although some extensions are required to cover all the multilingual data,
it provides a proper representation of discourse markers value. Additionally, we report some relevant contrastive phenomena
concerning discourse markers interpretation and role in discourse. This first step will allow us to develop deep learning methods
to identify and extract discourse relations and communicative functions, and to represent that information as Linguistic Linked
Open Data (LLOD)
The Transformation of Lithuanian Memories of Soviet Crimes to Genocide Recognition
Full text linkCC BY 4.0This article examines the transformation of memory regarding Soviet crimes in Lithuania, and more broadly in the Baltics and Eastern Europe, as an interlinked political and legal process. In the Lithuanian context, this transformation was part of a transitional justice effort that resulted in the recovery of European identity and international legal recognition of Soviet genocide against Lithuanian partisans by the European Court of Human Rights