Via Sapientiae: The Institutional Repository at DePaul University
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Full Issue: Fall 2020
Get PDFAcademic excellence is a hallmark of DePaul University. This issue looks at some of the faculty all-stars who are making their mark in their areas of expertise. We also take a look at McNair Scholars who have found careers and scholarly pursuits as alumni who are serving the greater good. We talk with new Associate Provost for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Cynthia Pickett, and highlight programs and people who are elevating the Latinx experience at DePaul and in their communities
Morphological Diversity of Neurocrania in Sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) and Its Ecological and Evolutionary Implications
Get PDFSharks occupy a wide range of ecological niches and lifestyle strategies attributed to their complex sensory system housed in their neurocranium. However, the diversity of neurocranial morphology in sharks and how the diversity may be related to their sensory capability have never been adequately surveyed. Therefore, the aims of this present study were: 1) to examine whether the relative sizes of rostral, olfactory, optic, and/or otic regions of neurocrania in sharks are related to their habitat, diet, and/or body form types; and 2) to investigate any possible patterns and insights into the ecology and evolution of sharks on the basis of neurocranial diversity. My primary dataset comprised neurocrania of 182 extant species in 37 families and 102 genera, along with 10 extinct elasmobranch taxa, representing the most comprehensive survey of the neurocranial diversity of sharks to date. My study suggests that there is a statistically significant difference between each of the four examined neurocranial regions and habitat, diet, and body form types, except for the relationship of the optic region size with the habitat types and body form types. My geometric morphometric analysis indicates that the rostral length and cranial width are the most variable parts of the shark neurocranium, where there appears to be only one general neurocranial morphology in sharks that is characterized by a relatively slender skull with a short rostrum. Whereas this morphological condition is regarded as plesiomorphic, my study reveals that the general neurocranial morphology could be evolutionarily modified in two different ways by elongating the rostrum or by broadening the cranial width. The skulls of most examined extinct sharks are represented by the generalized neurocranial morphology, but Lamniformes exhibit the greatest neurocranial diversity among all the shark orders examined. In addition to providing information about their ecology and evolutionary biology, my study offers new information that can be used for the conservation of sharks
DePaul Digest
Get PDFCollege of Education Professor Jason Goulah fosters hope, happiness and global citizenship through DePaul’s Institute for Daisaku Ikeda Studies in Education. Associate Journalism Professor Jill Hopke shares how to talk about climate change. News briefs from DePaul’s 10 colleges and schools: Occupational Therapy Standardized Patient Program, Financial Planning Certificate program, Business Education in Technology and Analytics Hub, Racial Justice Initiative, Teacher Quality Partnership grant, Intimate Partner Violence and Brain Injury collaboration, School of Music Career Closet, Sports Photojournalism course, DePaul Migration Collaborative’s Solutions Lab, Inclusive Screenwriting courses. New appointments: School of Music Dean John Milbauer, College of Education Dean Jennifer Mueller, Associate Provost for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Valerie Johnson
Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block for Post-dural Puncture headaches: A Video and Simulation for Nurse Anesthesia Trainees
No full textPurpose: Dural punctures can cause debilitating headaches known as post-dural puncture headaches (PDPHs). The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) block can be used to treat PDPHs. This study aimed to determine if an educational video and simulation focused on the SPG block for PDPHs increased nurse anesthesia trainees’ (NAT) knowledge of the SPG block and confidence in performing the block for PDPHs. Design: The study design utilized a one-group quasi experimental study with a pre-test and posttest to assess NATs’ knowledge of the SPG block and their confidence in the placement of the block. Methods: The design consisted of a pre-test, an educational intervention, including a video and hands-on simulation, and a post-test. The study took place in the Grainger Center for Simulation and Innovation at NorthShore University HealthSystem in Evanston, Illinois. Findings: A McNemar test revealed a statistically significant increase in knowledge from pretest to post-test scores following the intervention (test statistic= 59.211, p\u3c0.001). The intervention was also successful in improving average confidence in performing the block from pre-test to post-test [(4% (n=1) versus 39% (n=9); (p\u3c0.001)]. After the video and simulation, there was a significantly increased likelihood of utilizing the block in future practice [13% (n=3) to 78% (n=18); (p\u3c0.001)]. Conclusion: Teaching NATs about the use and proper technique for placing a SPG block through an educational video and simulation increased NATs’ knowledge of the SPG block and confidence in performing the SPG block for PDPH
Gender Affirming Anesthesia: It’s More than Pronouns
No full textTransgender individuals experience healthcare-related discrimination, resulting in significant disparities and negative health outcomes in comparison to the general population. Many CRNAs do not receive formal or adequate education before being expected to care for transgender patients that contributes to these negative health outcomes. To correct this problem, an educational intervention was created to improve anesthesia providers\u27 knowledge of genderaffirming therapies and to survey anesthesia provider attitudes towards transgender patients and knowledge, beliefs, and preferences towards treating transgender patients. A sample of anesthesia providers was collected (n=27) that included SRNAs and CRNAs at varying levels of professional experience from diverse sociodemographic backgrounds. The data collected from this study is evidence that our educational intervention resulted in a statistically significant increase in the anesthesia provider’s knowledge of gender affirming therapies. Additionally, scales designed to measure beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes of medical practitioners towards transgender patients showed that 68.1% of providers hold favorable views while 31.9% of providers hold unfavorable or neutral views towards this population. Increasing anesthesia provider knowledge of gender affirming therapies will foster competence, advance gender inclusive education, result in application of best current practices, and reduce healthcare disparities and negative healthcare outcomes faced by transgender populations
Invisible in Plain Sight: A Qualitative Analysis of The U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study and Contemporary Issues of Iatrophobia in Black Women | POSTER
Get PDFThe U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study (USPHSSS) is the nation’s most infamous example of biomedical misconduct in the United States. Using the wives and the descendants of the USPHSSS as a case study, this project examines and conceptualizes how the lack of healthcare access and secondhand healthcare the wives and descendants received has had a cumulative impact on Black women and contemporary iatrophobia, using a Black feminist ethical and constructivist theoretical framework. Findings reflect two major themes for contemporary iatrophobia: systemic racism and what Muhjah Shakir terms the cultural constellation of silence
The Bracero Program’s Legacy on Its Participants | POSTER
Get PDFThe Bracero Program was a bi-nationally sponsored by the U.S. and Mexico which meant to provide labor in the agricultural and industrial sectors of American society during World War II. The program ran from 1942 and 1964 where about 4.5 million Mexican men were contracted to provide labor in the U.S. for a period of time not exceeding six months. There is much documented about the Bracero Program’s history, but there is not a vast amount of sources that focus on the braceros’ personal accounts on their experiences in the program. How the Bracero Program is remembered often doesn’t include the voices of the braceros themselves. How do Mexican workers in the Bracero Program look back on their experiences? I will use interviews with former braceros located in the Bracero History Archive to investigate how the braceros themselves make sense of their time in the program. Braceros voices and experiences still go overlooked and we must include them to understand the legacy that the Bracero program has left on the people that participated in it
