Via Sapientiae: The Institutional Repository at DePaul University
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Community Policing and Meta-Stereotypes: Improving Citizenry-Police Relations in a Large, Multicultural Urban Area, Through a Participatory Action Research Community Safety Workshop
Get PDFThe Term Policing and its surrounding themes are complex and deserve adequate attention. Since the early 1900’s, citizenry and police have had mistrustful relationships. Over the span of three eras, both positive and negative citizenry-police relations have been highlighted. In more recent years, the timely capturing of videos of over-policing and excessive use of deadly force incidents (mainly in BIPOC communities) have exacerbated negative citizenry-police relations, resulting in the lack of procedural justice and police legitimacy. Excessive policing and the seemingly constant deaths of unarmed African Americans undoubtedly contribute to the lack of confidence in police to effectively ensure all communities are safe. Through a Critical Race Theory lens, the researcher proposes a qualitative action research design, whereby participants are empowered by sharing their lived experiences surrounding citizenry-police relations. A Value-Creating Education curriculum will be proposed to local police departments and communities as a remedy to enhance positive citizenry-police relations and the overall safety of communities
Stories of those Untold: Identifying Retention, and Graduation Obstacles and Solutions of Black Women at Four-Year Predominately White Institutions
Get PDFExperiences of Black women in college are often lost in conversations about college students. Although underrepresented students are highly researched, the focus is usually on Black males and White females. This research identifies the obstacles encountered by Black women at predominately white institutions on their pursuit of a college degree, how they overcame those obstacles and how universities can assist future Black women in overcoming these obstacles. The researcher used counter-storytelling to “expose, analyze, and challenge the majoritarian stories of racial privilege, shatter complacency, challenge the dominant discourse on race, and further the struggle for racial reform”. This study concludes with practical applications for both Black women as students and university policy makers to increase the number of Black women graduating from predominantly White institutions
Building the roots of word knowledge: Using morphological instruction in Latin roots to build word analysis skills for middle school students.
Get PDFProficient reading requires the ability to analyze words for various properties, including pronunciation, meaning, and syntactical function. However, most instruction in word analysis is limited to phonics instruction provided in the early elementary grades. For older students, whose words largely center units of meaning, or morphemes, early phonics instruction does not provide the multifaceted knowledge of word properties these older students need to manipulate the complex words of their curricula. Therefore, this study examined the effects of direct morphological analysis instruction focusing on Latin roots on middle school students’ ability to orally decode and construct meaning for morphologically complex words. Working with 63 sixth graders, the researcher provided direct morphological instruction in prominent Latin roots and morphological analysis to a treatment group of 42 students and robust vocabulary instruction focusing on words with shared Latin roots to a comparison group of 21 students. Instruction occurred over a period of 29 sessions of 15 to 25 minutes each. Prior to the first cycle of instruction and immediately following the final cycle of instruction, all students were administered assessments of oral decoding and of morphological analysis for the construction of meaning. The results from the assessment of morphological analysis indicated that both treatment instruction and comparison instruction increased students’ ability to construct meaning from morphologically complex words. However, the treatment instruction had a greater impact on the students’ abilities to identify morphemes, define known morphemes, and use the definitions of known morphemes to construct meaning for the whole word. The results from the oral decoding assessment showed that both the treatment and comparison instruction increased students’ ability to decode morphologically complex words, with no added effect from the direct morphological instruction. The results of this study indicated the relative value of direct morphological instruction in prominent Latin roots and strategic morphemic analysis for older students. However, the results also showed a need for further research that determines an appropriate developmental sequence of morphological instruction and determines the effect of this type of morphological instruction on global comprehension abilities
Legal Origin and Emulation of Trade Secret Protections: A Cross-National Empirical Study
Get PDFWhy do countries enact stronger legal protections for trade secrets? Existing
research on other types of intellectual property (IP) rights suggests at
least three potential mechanisms. First, more powerful countries, such as
the United States, coerce other countries into implementing stronger IP
rights by threatening to enact trade sanctions against them. Second, countries
agree through international legal instruments to strengthen their IP
protections in exchange for benefits in other issue areas, especially trade.
Third, countries that are open to capital flows increase their IP rights
through regulatory competition with other countries to attract or retain
multinational investment. This Article provides empirical evidence for an
alternative mechanism, using data on the trade secret protection levels of
seventeen Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD) countries and twenty OECD trading-partner countries during
the period of 1985 to 2010. This Article demonstrates that countries
with civil-law legal systems were statistically more likely to implement
increases in trade secret protections over time, all else being equal. Consequently,
the findings in this Article provide support for emulation as
a causal mechanism for increased trade secret protections. This Article
argues that civil-law countries saw a lack of domestic-led innovation
as an impediment to economic growth and sought to spur innovation
by reducing legal uncertainty in the trade secret realm. In doing so, they
emulated the relatively stronger trade secret protections of common-law
countries. This Article provides a novel contribution to the literature on
the diffusion of IP laws and holds significant implications for U.S. IP
policy abroad. In particular, U.S. policymakers’ efforts at shifting collectively
held ideas about trade secrets through exchanges with foreign
officials, like those that occur through the U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office’s IP attaché programs in foreign countries, offer substantial promise
for raising other countries’ trade secret protections to emulate those of
common-law countries like the United States
When a Wrong Creates a Life: Tort Responses to Children Born From Institutional Sexual Violence
Get PDFNeuroscience and the Criminal Legal System: A Humanitarian Application Framework
Get PDFAdvancements in neuroscience call our intuitive notion of free will into question—and by implication, invite a reassessment of the United States criminal legal system and its reliance on radical personal agency. In the backdrop of the evolving landscape of neuroscience and neurolaw is an inquiry: how do we appropriately and ethically incorporate advancements of these fields into law and policy? This paper pulls that question to the forefront, advocating for a humanitarian-forward framework to guide the process. The framework emphasizes the Daubert standard, addresses the “G2i” problem, and includes a balancing test to ensure the protection of neurorights. The paper also provides an overview of the influence of belief in free will, personal agency, and neurolaw on the U.S. criminal legal system
Reflection: Coming of Age(ncy) on the Migrant Trail: Central American and Mexican Adolescent Journeys in Contemporary Young Adult Literature
Get PDFAnticipated Intergroup Anxiety & Misattribution of Arousal
Get PDFThe current research attempted to link misattribution of arousal with intergroup anxiety. Specifically, we linked the presence of (i.e., or lack thereof) of sound– a clear misattribute participants can blame their intergroup anxiety on– to anticipating intergroup contact by manipulating the randomly assigned interaction partner and misattribution of arousal sound condition participants were in. Participants viewed a confederate’s name and picture on a screen and anticipated an interaction. Participants’ intercultural interaction comfort was measured as well as their anxiety levels and Stroop task performance. A two-way ANOVA revealed that there was not a statistically significant interaction between the effects of interaction partner and misattribution condition for Stroop scores, although there was a statistically significant interaction between the effects of interaction partner and misattribution condition for state anxiety. Our findings suggest that anticipating intercultural interactions may not deplete attention span and executive control loss as actual intercultural interactions might, particularly for those with moderate to high intercultural interaction comfort
