Via Sapientiae: The Institutional Repository at DePaul University
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Tug Of War Between Opt-In And Opt-out Organ Donation Systems
Full text linkThe demand for organ transplants is far greater than the supply of transplantable organs. Every day, twenty people in the United States die as they await an organ transplant; this equates to roughly 7,300 people annually. Whilst organ donation can be highly effective for prospective patients, not all individuals want to take part in such an action. A person’s decision not to partake in organ donation can stem from their ethics, morality, religion, and much more. For individuals that live in the United States and do not want to donate their organs upon death, they do not have to take any affirmative actions to ensure this result because the United States is an opt-in system. Opt-in policies require an individual to “manifestly express their preferences for being a deceased organ donor.” Generally, an individual’s organs will not be donated unless the individual has expressly stated that they would like to ‘opt-in’ to donating their organs upon death.
Alternatively, some nations utilize an opt-out system; this system presumes that everyone is a willing donor unless they “specifically ‘opt-out’ of doing so.” Within the past few years, several nations including Iceland, England, Scotland, Canada, and the Netherlands have switched to an opt-out system. It may be a common assumption that opt-out systems should generate more successful organ transplants since everyone would presumably be a willing donor, and because this system expands the pool of potential donors to include nearly all citizens. In Peter Singer’s example, he tells us to imagine walking past a pond and seeing a child about to drown where there is no one else readily able to help the child. Singer believes that there is a duty to rescue the child since it is “neither difficult nor dangerous” and because the benefit to the child outweighs any costs that may incur to the rescuer; this would be known as an easy rescue.
However, Singer’s example of having a duty to rescue may take a different shape when within the realm of organ donation. Those in need of a new organ can be complicated recipients due to their specific medical complexities and/or conditions. Further, some argue that donees incur little costs; they argue that “donating would not clash with any of the people’s important values, beliefs, preferences, or projects.” However, can a transaction including an organ really be considered an easy rescue? Is there both a duty to save a drowning child and a duty to give your organs to that child upon your death?
This article will explore the opt-in and opt-out systems within the organ donation field, and how these different systems have manifested themselves in different nations. It will be revealed that opt-in and opt-out systems do not differ much from one another; both systems come with their own respective tradeoffs
Protestant Business Ethics Through a Matrix: the Bible, H. Richard Niebuhr, and Management-Labor Relations
Full text linkOrganized labor has been largely absent from discussions of management-employee relations in Protestant business ethics, which lacks a magisterium that would encourage such discussion. Given the Protestant reliance on the Bible as the main moral source for Christian business ethics, any effort to incorporate labor into business ethics needs to link the Bible to how business organizations function and to the history of labor management relations. This article first grids out Protestant approaches for using the Bible, then explores ideas drawn and developed from H. Richard Niebuhr, a U.S. theologian active in the middle of the twentieth century. His ideas of responsivity, center of value, covenant, contingency and influence are applied using fields of organizational knowledge, while being connected with the Biblical and labor history. The virtue of this ‘integrative-interpretive’ approach is that it permits determinative judgements to be made from within a thematically cohesive framework of analysis
Dual Packages of Happiness and Productivity: Enhancing Business Travelers’ Experience at a Hotel Stay
Full text linkBusiness travelers play a significant role in the hotel industry. Considering the growing market size of business travelers and the lack of understanding of the rapidly changing needs of today’s business travelers, this study examines attributes that optimize business travelers’ experiences during their hotel stays. A self-administered, open-ended online survey was conducted from business travelers. Results from content analysis identify key themes that contribute to business travelers’ happy and productive experiences. The hotel room atmospherics, food & beverage, and hotel room amenities are viewed as important attributes for business travelers’ happy experience, whereas tangible hotel service, hotel room amenities, and hotel room atmospherics are viewed as key attributes for their productive experience during their business trips. Results suggest implications for enhancing business travelers’ experience design strategy
Investigating Overtourism Approaches in National Wildlife Refuges: The Case of New Jersey
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has had rippling effects on a plethora of industries, with outdoor tourism being one of the greatest examples. As United States citizens left their homes, they yearned for their natural resources, leading to a palpable uptake in visitation as public parks reopened. While there is municipal, county, state, and federal lands accessible to visitation, the following commentary is focused specifically on National Wildlife Refuges (Federal). New Jersey is an appropriate case to demonstrate the pros and cons of shared resources, which have been impacted by anthropogenic factors. Additionally, Wildlife Refuges planning, and practices were examined to interpret the role of visitation fees, trail fragmentation, park accessibility, educational value, and guided tours in a federal environment
Between Science and Administration: Regulatory Epistemology, Corporate Influence, and Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals
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Effect of Street-Pricing Deregulation in U.S. Airports on Customer Satisfaction
Full text linkThis study investigates the impact of pricing policies and food and beverage (F&B) strategies on traveler satisfaction in the dynamic airport environment, with a focus on Phoenix airport in comparison with two other (undisclosed) major U.S. airports. Using a mixed-methods approach that integrates unstructured observations and social media analytics, the research provides a comprehensive understanding of passenger behavior, satisfaction, and spending patterns in airside F&B outlets.
Key findings reveal that traveler satisfaction is driven by factors such as service quality, timeliness, perceived value, and emotional engagement, with price sensitivity playing a relatively minor role. Phoenix International Airport exemplifies a successful premiumization model, leveraging deregulated pricing to offer upscale experiences through tech-enabled services and luxury branding. Conversely, Airport 1\u27s adherence to street pricing highlights the challenges of balancing affordability with service innovation, while Airport 2 demonstrates a balanced approach, emphasizing health-conscious and regional offerings.
The study’s strengths lie in its novel methodological framework and focus on underexplored aspects of airport F&B management, such as the effects of street pricing policies. However, limitations include its exclusive focus on U.S. airports and the absence of longitudinal sales data, which restrict broader generalizability and long-term impact assessment.
The findings offer actionable implications for airport operators and F&B managers, emphasizing the importance of aligning offerings with traveler demographics, investing in regional branding, and adopting hybrid pricing models to balance affordability with premium experiences. Opportunities for future research include expanding the geographical scope to international contexts, examining demographic-specific preferences, and integrating additional data sources such as passenger interviews and real-time sales metrics.
By addressing these areas, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the critical role that strategic F&B management plays in enhancing traveler satisfaction and optimizing airport revenue