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Extended Space Deterrence: Providing Security Assurance in Space
No full textMany U.S. allies are increasingly dependent on space-based platforms for their military and economic activities. At the same time, the counterspace threats from U.S. adversaries such as China and Russia are rapidly intensifying. The United States has provided extended deterrence to its allies through its overwhelming nuclear and conventional capabilities for decades. The question arises as to whether the time-tested logic of extended deterrence is applicable in the space domain. This research argues that U.S. extended deterrence in space—relying on the traditional mechanism of deterrence-by-punishment—is ineffective due to the unique nature of outer space
Institutional Legacies and the Decision to Commit Genocide
No full textDespite their striking similarities, which include population demographics, size, and a legacy of inter-group conflict, the collapse of democratization in Rwanda and Burundi in the early 1990s led to genocide in Rwanda and a different type of violence in Burundi. This study suggests that to better comprehend why risk factors lead to genocide in some cases and not others, focus must be placed on how these factors are perceived by those in power of the state experiencing them. This study introduces a model that uses Comparative Historical Analysis (CHA), process tracing, and the inclusion of a decision model built on the assumptions of prospect theory to explain this variegated outcome. This study is unique from others in that there has been no attempt made by genocide scholars to combine prospect theory and historical institutionalism to explain variations in the occurrence of genocide
Chapter 08 Word Processors
No full textA word processing application is the software program that lets you create new digital documents and open and update existing digital documents. Google Docs and Microsoft Word (part of Office 365) are the most popular word processors. If the document was created by Microsoft Word, it will have an extension of either .doc (older versions) or .docx (newer versions). Since Word documents are so ubiquitous, most productivity applications are able to open documents created in Word. You can also change document formats for example by uploading a Word document to Google Docs and downloading a Google Docs file as a .docx document.
When you think of a document with information on it, you generally imagine long lines of text, separated by paragraphs. Any simple text editor, like Notepad, could create that. However, there are times you want your document to be attractive with colors, line spacing, special fonts, hyperlinks, and references. For business documents, you may like to have the document reviewed by your peers before you send it out. You may want to do a spell check, fix awkward grammatical errors, and improve the vocabulary in the document. If your colleagues review and make changes to your document, you want to track the changes and comments and be able to compare different versions to make the collaborative work more manageable.
If you are building a pamphlet for your garage sale on paper, you may have to spend a lot of time drawing lines, creating images, adding captions, and highlighting and underlining text. However, if you have a word processor, you might be able to use a preexisting template, saving a ton of time and energy while also creating a more attention-grabbing pamphlet. Templates can also help you to not miss any of the important elements such as time and place of the sale.
If the document is especially long, say you are writing a novel or a thesis using a word processor, you can number your pages, add header and footer information, and have chapter headings. An automatically created table of contents in the beginning of the document will enable readers to jump easily between chapters. When you are ready to print your document, you might want to adjust the layout, orientation, and margin size. The print-preview feature of your word processor will allow you to see how the printed sheets will look before you begin printing, hopefully saving printer ink and paper.
The two most popular word processing software applications in the market are Word from Microsoft and Docs from Google. Microsoft Word, a paid software program, is found in most offices. On the other hand, Google Docs is free and browser based. If you have Gmail, you already have access to Google Docs.
In this chapter, we will introduce you to the core capabilities of word processors. We encourage you to explore these and other more sophisticated capabilities of word processors as you complete your school and college assignments
Chapter 04 Researching and Using the Web
No full textNever in history have we had so much knowledge stored, organized, and ready to be consumed with the click of a mouse or the tap of a button. If we step back for a moment and think about what is available on the web, we will be amazed by the information close at hand, all thanks to computers and the Internet. You can find the score of any weekend football game, price of grain in Nebraska, weather in Antarctica, tide schedules in South Australia, and the outcome of an election in Britain by typing your question in any search engine. If you are so inclined, you could have someone explain to you the Theory of Relativity, how to lay a brick wall, how to plan a party, or how to edit genes. If you want to learn to play the piano, understand road regulations in Florida, or learn about mountaineering, you can do it all from the comfort of your couch.
IT gives you more power in terms of access to knowledge than kings and emperors of yesteryears ever had. However, as with any powerful tool, you should know how to handle it with care and caution to avoid getting into trouble and not harm yourself or others. In this chapter, we will introduce some of the common sources of information online and evaluate their pros and cons
Chapter 09 Introduction to Spreadsheets
No full textSpreadsheets are electronic documents that help users to manipulate data. While word processors and email are probably the most used productivity applications, much of the world’s business runs on spreadsheets. This is because spreadsheets are the productivity applications designed to store numbers. Spreadsheets make it easy to visualize data and identify trends in that data. Any teacher tracking student grades will find it easiest to do so using spreadsheets. Student clubs will find it easiest to track contributions and expenses if they use spreadsheets. You may not use spreadsheets every day of your life, but your most valuable information is likely to be stored on spreadsheets.
For precisely this reason, spreadsheets were the killer app for computers in business. Just as email encouraged consumers to buy computers and get Internet connectivity, spreadsheets made it worthwhile for businesses to buy computers to track how their business was doing. Steve Jobs credits the first spreadsheet program, VisiCalc, as being the driver for early Apple sales.
Dan Bricklin came up with the idea of a visual calculator in 1978 while doing his MBA at Harvard. He initially visualized the user interface of spreadsheets as the cockpit display in aircraft but settled on the current row-column format to enable human-friendly names to be applied to data elements. Dan first called his program “Calcu-ledger” but eventually changed it to VisiCalc for Visual Calculator. Dan’s business partner, Dan Fylstra, also an MBA from Harvard, and one of the earliest software publishers, demonstrated the VisiCalc program to Steve Jobs. Almost a million copies of VisiCalc were sold at about $100 each, driving sales for Apple, as well as the adoption of computers in business. Subsequently, Mitch Kapor and Jonathan Sachs created Lotus 1-2-3, which was bought by IBM, and Microsoft came out with Excel. VisiCalc eventually lost its lead in the market.
Of all the applications and technologies discussed in this book, the ability to use spreadsheets productively is perhaps the most marketable skill. No one will hire you strictly because you can write emails or documents. But there is a good chance that with an expertise in spreadsheets, an organization will find you extremely valuable
William Bill Bartlett Oral History Interview
No full textWilliam Bill Bartlett takes us on a nostalgic journey through his longstanding relationship with the Hollins Family, all through the lens of their shared love of hunting. Bartlett paints a vivid picture of the ranch\u27s hunting traditions, including the meaningful practice of blooding and expertly preparing their hunted deer and turkeys for consumption. With a keen eye for detail, he also highlights the camaraderie and sense of community that comes with being part of the Hollins hunting group. As Bartlett fondly recalls his own family\u27s memories on their hunting expeditions, it becomes clear that this is more than just a hobby - it\u27s a treasured way of life for those lucky enough to be a part of it