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大学生におけるソーシャルサポートとポジティブなエピソード的未来思考が敗北感と自殺念慮の関係に及ぼす影響
No full textRecent surveys show that the rate of suicidal ideation is high among young people in Japan, and measures to counter suicidal ideation among young people is a critical issue. However, few studies have focused on the psychological processes that lead to suicidal ideation or have clarified its mechanisms. This study focuses on the factors of defeat, perceived social support, and positive episodic future thinking, which may be related to the formation of suicidal ideation. Specifically, we examined the effects of defeat on suicidal ideation and the moderating effects of perceived social support and positive episodic future thinking on the relationship between defeat and suicidal ideation. The results indicated that defeat may influence the occurrence of suicidal ideation. However, when perceived social support is high, the relationship between defeat and suicidal ideation disappears, suggesting the existence of a moderating effect.departmental bulletin pape
ポジティブなエピソード的未来思考における空間情報の具体性の向上が脱中心化に及ぼす影響
No full textEpisodic future thinking for self-relevant positive events is associated with various adaptive functions; moreover, its specificity, mental imagery, and pre-experiencing are considered important in recent studies on mental simulations. Studies found that spatial details (e.g., size of place or environment, distance between objects) are more important for the elaboration of imagery than content details (e.g., person, sequence of events, objects). The present study examines the effect of image generation on de-centering, from the perspective of focusing on spatial details causing a “a rotation within the mindscape,” in which people realize the information attached to events and the distance and relationship between the events and themselves. To measure the de-centering perspective, the interview task was conducted twice—before and after the EFT specificity induction—and the scores obtained were compared at the measurement stage (pre- and post-induction) and induction type (spatial details and content details induction). Contrary to the hypothesis, the results showed that there was no interaction effect on the de-centering scores and no main effect of either, indicating that it is difficult to promote de-centering. However, perceived control, enhanced by specificity induction, predicted post-induction de-centering scores. The findings of the present study therefore indicates that understanding the relationship between oneself and the imagined event may influence the de-centered perspective.departmental bulletin pape
Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots Incorporated into MOF-Derived NiCo Layered Double Hydroxides for Nonenzymatic Lactate Detection in Noninvasive Biosensors
No full textRapid interest in identifying specific biomarkers has been sparked by the development of wearable electrochemical sensors for physiological and biological monitoring via noninvasive measurement. During anaerobic metabolic circumstances, monitoring the lactate content become critical for noninvasive diagnostic of hypoxia. To improve the sensitivity of wearable sweat biosensors for detecting lactate concentrations, in this study, metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived NiCo-based layered double hydroxides (m-NiCo LDHs) with N-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) decoration are designed. According to the X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis, the incorporation of NGQDs will alter the local electronic structure of transition metals in m-NiCo LDHs, thereby reducing the charge transfer resistance and accelerating the electron transfer kinetics during electrochemical reactions of lactate detection. After understanding the role of NGQDs in the matrix of m-NiCo LDHs, as-designed NGQD/m-NiCo LDH-based electrochemical biosensors for lactate detection displayed superior sensitivity of 62.63 ± 1.50 μA mM–1 cm–2 under an applied potential of 0.60 V (vs Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl) with the lactate concentration range of 0 to 15 mM in alkaline condition, compared to pristine NiCo LDH (16.77 ± 1.70 μA mM–1 cm–2)- and m-NiCo LDH (45.45 ± 4.39 μA mM–1 cm–2)-based ones. This research provides a potential electrocatalyst of GQD-modified MOF-derived LDHs for using enzyme-free electrochemical lactate sensors with reliable and stable performance in order to implement noninvasive human perspiration monitoring on wearable bioelectronics.journal articl
Optimizing Parameters for Enhanced Iterative Image Reconstruction Using Extended Power Divergence
No full textIn this paper, we propose a method for optimizing the parameter values in iterative reconstruction algorithms that include adjustable parameters in order to optimize the reconstruction performance. Specifically, we focus on the power divergence-based expectation-maximization algorithm, which includes two power indices as adjustable parameters. Through numerical and physical experiments, we demonstrate that optimizing the evaluation function based on the extended power-divergence and weighted extended power-divergence measures yields high-quality image reconstruction. Notably, the optimal parameter values derived from the proposed method produce reconstruction results comparable to those obtained using the true image, even when using distance functions based on differences between forward projection data and measured projection data, as verified by numerical experiments. These results suggest that the proposed method effectively improves reconstruction quality without the need for machine-learning techniques in parameter selection. Our findings also indicate that this approach is useful for enhancing the performance of iterative reconstruction algorithms, especially in medical imaging, where high-accuracy reconstruction under noisy conditions is required.journal articl
Detection of Arbitrary Wake Words by Coupling a Phoneme Predictor and a Phoneme Sequence Detector
No full textMost wake word (WW) detection systems used in smartphones and smart speakers only detect specific, predefined WWs such as “Hey, Siri” or “OK, Google”. To build such a system, a large speech corpus consisting of many examples of the selected WWs must be collected to train the model. If we want the device to detect a different WW, collection of a new speech corpus and re-training of the model are required.
In this study, we propose a system which is capable of detecting any chosen WW without additional model training or a corpus of WW utterances, allowing users to select and use their preferred WW. Our system consists of a phoneme predictor (PP) and a phoneme sequence detector (PSD). The PP predicts phoneme sequences using acoustic features of the input speech, and outputs phoneme probability distributions. The acoustic models in the PP are trained using the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss criterion. The PSD takes the output of the PP as input, and predicts the probability of whether or not the WW has been input. In our evaluation experiments, we performed six-phoneme WW detection. Our results showed that the proposed method achieved 90% WW detection accuracy.journal articl
High-affinity tuning of single fluorescent protein-type indicators by flexible linker length optimization in topology mutant
No full textGenetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) are versatile for live imaging of cellular activities. Besides the brightness and dynamic range of signal change of GECIs, Ca2+ affinity is another critical parameter for successful Ca2+ imaging, as the concentration range of Ca2+ dynamics differs from low nanomolar to sub-millimolar depending on the celltype and organism. However, ultrahigh-affinity GECIs, particularly the single fluorescent protein (1FP)-type, are lacking. Here, we report a simple strategy that increases Ca2+ affinity through the linker length optimization in topology mutants of existing 1FP-type GECIs. The resulting ultrahigh-affinity GECIs, CaMPARI-nano, BGECO-nano, and RCaMP-nano (Kd = 17–25 nM), enable unique biological applications, including the detection of low nanomolar Ca2+ dynamics, highlighting active signaling cells, and multi-functional imaging with other second messengers. The linker length optimization in topology mutants could be applied to other 1FP-type indicators of glutamate and potassium, rendering it a widely applicable technique for modulating indicator affinity.journal articl