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Causes of In-Hospital Death and Pharmaceutical Associations with Age of Death during a 10-Year Period (2011–2020) in Individuals with and without Diabetes at a Japanese Community General Hospital
Get PDFSince diabetes and its complications have been thought to exaggerate cardiorenal disease, resulting in a short lifespan, we investigated causes of death and lifespans in individuals with and without diabetes at a Japanese community general hospital during the period from 2011 to 2020. Causes of death and age of death in individuals with and those without diabetes were compared, and associations between medications used and age of death were statistically analyzed. A total of 2326 deaths were recorded during the 10-year period. There was no significant difference between the mean ages of death in individuals with and those without diabetes. Diabetic individuals had higher rates of hepato-pancreatic cancer and cardio-renal failure as causes of death. The prescription rates of antihypertensives, antiplatelets, and statins in diabetic individuals were larger than those in non-diabetic individuals. Furthermore, the use of sulfonyl urea or glinides and insulin was independently and inversely associated with the age of death. In conclusion, individuals with diabetes were treated with comprehensive pharmaceutical interventions and had life spans comparable to those of individuals without diabetes. This study’s discovery of an inverse relationship between the use of insulin secretagogues or insulin and the age of death suggests that the prevention of life-threatening hypoglycemia is crucial for individuals with diabetes.journal articl
胃神経内分泌腫瘍を合併した多腺性自己免疫症候群３型の１例
Get PDF１型糖尿病を有する66歳女性．EGDで胃体中部小彎に約５mm大の神経内分泌腫瘍（neuroendocrine tumor：NET）G1を認めた．また，胃体部粘膜の著明な萎縮を有し，抗胃壁細胞抗体と抗内因子抗体がともに陽性で，かつ血中ガストリンが著明高値であることから，自己免疫性胃炎（autoimmune gastritis：AIG）と診断した．さらに，慢性甲状腺炎と１型糖尿病の合併を認め，多腺性自己免疫症候群の３型と診断した．胃NET G1に対してESDを施行した．AIGでは，NETのほか，胃癌の合併も高頻度に生じるとされている．１型糖尿病の患者では，AIGの併存を念頭にEGDを行うことが重要である．A 66-year-old woman who developed type I diabetes mellitus at the age of 50 years was referred to our hospital because of gastric submucosal lesion in the stomach. EGD identified a submucosal lesion, approximately 5 mm in diameter, in the lesser curvature of the middle stomach and showed the corpus dominant atrophy and pseudopyloric metaplasia with the corpus posterior walls. She had positive serum anti-parietal cell and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies. Based on endoscopic findings and histological analysis, G1 gastric neuroendocrine tumor (NET) along with autoimmune gastritis was diagnosed. Additional serological analysis revealed chronic thyroiditis, leading to the final diagnosis of type 3 autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS). ESD was performed for the gastric lesion. Histopathological evaluation revealed a G1 NET. This case suggests that gastroenterologists should be aware of APS and perform EGD for patients with slow progressive type I diabetes mellitus and autoimmune gastritis.journal articl
A joint local spatial and global temporal CNN-Transformer for dynamic facial expression recognition
No full textUnlike conventional video action recognition, Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition (DFER) tasks exhibit minimal spatial movement of objects. Addressing this distinctive attribute, we propose an innovative CNN-Transformer model, named LSGTNet, specifically tailored for DFER tasks. Our LSGTNet comprises three stages, each composed of a spatial CNN (Spa-CNN) and a temporal transformer (T-Former) in sequential order. The Spa-CNN extracts spatial features from images, yielding smaller-sized feature maps to alleviate the computational complexity for subsequent T-Former. The T-Former integrates global temporal information from the same spatial positions across different time frames while retaining the feature map dimensions. The alternating interplay between Spa-CNN and T-Former ensures a continuous fusion of spatial and temporal information, leading our model to excel across various real-world datasets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method to address the DFER challenge by focusing on capturing the temporal changes in muscles within local spatial regions. Our method has achieved state-of-the-art results on multiple in-the-wild datasets and datasets under laboratory conditions.journal articl
Effect of Cage Occupancies on Molecular Vibrations of Methane in Structure H Clathrate Hydrate : Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Get PDFThe structure H (sH) of methane hydrate, which has a distinctive structure with large (LL) cages capable of encapsulating multiple methane molecules, has been suggested as a methane reservoir in large icy bodies such as Titan, making it important in planetary science. This high-pressure phase, which exists in the GPa range, lends itself to the study of methane states and dynamics using powerful experimental techniques such as IR and Raman spectroscopy. However, the interpretation of the vibrational spectra of methane in the sH structure has been challenging because of the spectral complexities. The signals attributed to the methane molecules in the LL cage, as well as those of the other two cage types, overlap in the spectra. In this study, we investigated the microscopic origins of the shape of the C–H stretching vibration spectrum of methane in the LL cage using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. For a single methane molecule in the LL cage, the ν3 band of the C–H stretching mode was observed at a higher frequency typical of isolated molecules in vacuum due to the large size of the LL cage. As the number of methane molecules in the LL cage increased beyond one, a tendency to blue-shift with increasing methane occupancy was observed, consistent with a loose-cage-tight-cage model. By characterizing the time correlation function of methane stretching vibrations based on the solvation number of methane and water molecules proximal to methane within the LL cage, we showed that the complicated spectral line shape observed in cases of higher methane occupancy in the LL cage resulted from the wider variation of the solvation shell states. Analysis of the solvation structures of the AIMD trajectories provided interpretations of the experimental spectral line shape, demonstrating the complementary nature of AIMD to the experiment and its effectiveness in analysis.journal articl
The long-term effects of heated tobacco product exposure on the central nervous system in a mouse model of prodromal Alzheimer's disease
Get PDFHeated tobacco products (HTPs) have emerged as novel alternatives to conventional cigarettes (CCs), marketed by the tobacco industry as having a reduced potential for harm. Nevertheless, a significant dearth of information remains regarding the long-term effects of HTPs on the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we sought to shed light on the repercussions of prolonged exposure to HTPs on the CNS, employing a mouse model mimicking prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our study entailed subjecting App knock-in mice to 16 weeks of HTP exposure, administered 5 days per week, with serum cotinine concentration serving as confirmation of HTP exposure within this model. Histological analysis, aimed at assessing amyloid pathology, unveiled a minimal impact attributable to HTPs. However, exploration of differentially expressed genes in the cerebral cortex, using unadjusted p values, indicated an association between HTP exposure and non-inflammatory pathways, specifically linked to neurohypophyseal and neuropeptide hormone activity within the CNS. Of note, similar results have already been observed after exposure to CCs in vivo. Our study not only contributes insights into the potential non-inflammatory effects of HTPs within the context of AD pathogenesis but also underscores the significance of continued research to comprehend the full scope of their impact on the CNS.journal articl
Quantitative and calculated estimated blood loss in cesarean deliveries for twin and singleton pregnancies : a retrospective analysis
Get PDFPurpose: This study retrospectively assessed blood loss during cesarean deliveries for twin and singleton pregnancies using two distinct methods, quantitative estimation measured during cesarean sections and hematocrit-based calculated estimation.
Methods: We included scheduled cesarean deliveries for twin or singleton pregnancies at ≥ 34 weeks of gestation. Quantitative blood loss was recorded based on the blood volume in the graduated collector bottle and by weighing the blood-soaked textiles during cesarean sections. The blood loss was calculated using the change in hematocrit levels before and after the cesarean delivery.
Results: We evaluated 403 cases including 44 twins and 359 singletons. Quantitative blood loss during cesarean section was significantly higher in twins pregnancies than that in singleton pregnancies (1117 [440] vs 698 [378] mL; p<0.001). However, no significant differences were observed in the calculated blood loss between the two groups on the day after delivery (487 mL [692 mL] vs 507 mL [522 mL]; p=0.861). On post-delivery days 4–5, twin pregnancies were associated with a significantly higher calculated blood loss than singleton pregnancies (725 [868] mL vs 444 [565] mL, p=0.041). Although a significant moderate correlation between quantitative and calculated blood loss was observed in singleton pregnancies (r=0.473, p<0.001), no significant correlation was observed between twin pregnancies (r=0.053, p=0.735).
Conclusion: Quantitative blood loss measurements during cesarean section may be clinically insufficient in twin pregnancies. Incorporating blood tests and continuous assessments are warranted for enhanced blood loss evaluation, especially in twin pregnancies, owing to the risk of persistent bleeding.journal articl
ArcS from Thermococcus kodakarensis transfers L-lysine to preQ0 nucleoside derivatives as minimum substrate RNAs
Get PDFArchaeosine (G+) is an archaea-specific tRNA modification synthesized via multiple steps. In the first step, archaeosine tRNA guanine transglucosylase (ArcTGT) exchanges the G15 base in tRNA with 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ0). In Euryarchaea, preQ015 in tRNA is further modified by archaeosine synthase (ArcS). Thermococcus kodakarensis ArcS catalyzes a lysine-transfer reaction to produce preQ0-lysine (preQ0-Lys) as an intermediate. The resulting preQ0-Lys15 in tRNA is converted to G+15 by a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine enzyme for archaeosine formation (RaSEA), which forms a complex with ArcS. Here, we focus on the substrate tRNA recognition mechanism of ArcS. Kinetic parameters of ArcS for lysine and tRNA-preQ0 were determined using a purified enzyme. RNA fragments containing preQ0 were prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNAPhe-preQ015. ArcS transferred 14C-labeled lysine to RNA fragments. Furthermore, ArcS transferred lysine to preQ0 nucleoside and preQ0 nucleoside 5′-monophosphate. Thus, the L-shaped structure and the sequence of tRNA are not essential for the lysine-transfer reaction by ArcS. However, the presence of D-arm structure accelerates the lysine-transfer reaction. Because ArcTGT from thermophilic archaea recognizes the common D-arm structure, we expected the combination of T. kodakarensis ArcTGT and ArcS and RaSEA complex would result in the formation of preQ0-Lys15 in all tRNAs. This hypothesis was confirmed using 46 T. kodakarensis tRNA transcripts and three Haloferax volcanii tRNA transcripts. In addition, ArcTGT did not exchange the preQ0-Lys15 in tRNA with guanine or preQ0 base, showing that formation of tRNA-preQ0-Lys by ArcS plays a role in preventing the reverse reaction in G+ biosynthesis.journal articl
Current Status of the Management of Idiopathic Condylar Resorption/Progressive Condylar Resorption : A Scoping Review
Get PDFThe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex synovial joint shrouded in mystery, as the etiology of many TMJ disorders are unsolved. Idiopathic/progressive condylar resorption (ICR/PCR) is one such TMJ disorder characterized by a gradually deteriorating mandibular condylar mass, resulting in severe mandibular retrognathia, which often accompanied by clockwise rotation of mandible and an anterior open bite. Since the etiology of the ICR/PCR remains unclear, no definitive prevention or management options have been established. To date, various symptomatic non-surgical, surgical, and salvage management options have been developed and reported. To understand the current status of the ICR/PCR management options, this article provides an overview of the options presently reported in the literature to reduce its TMJ symptoms and improve mandibular function and form.journal articl
Influence of Orthodontic Treatment on Changes in the Maxillary Sinus Dimensions
Get PDFObjective
This study aimed to investigate the correlation of craniofacial morphology with maxillary sinus morphology and to evaluate whether orthodontic treatment facilitates maxillary sinus enlargement in adults.
Materials and methods
A total of 45 adult women underwent cephalography and computed tomography before and after orthodontic treatment. All participants were classified into three groups: skeletal class I, II, and III. The average dimensions and volume of the maxillary sinus were calculated in each subgroup. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the correlations of maxillary sinus dimensions with 20 cephalometric variables.
Results
Before treatment, the maxillary sinus width, height, depth, and volume were 32.2 ± 3.9 mm, 39.5 ± 3.8 mm, 38.6 ± 1.8 mm, and 36,179.3 ± 5,454.0 mm3 in skeletal class I, 33.9 ± 6.2 mm, 37.3 ± 3.5 mm, 38.6 ± 2.4 mm, and 34,729.8 ± 6,686.6 mm3 in skeletal class II, and 32.0 ± 4.3 mm, 41.8 ± 5.0 mm, 38.0 ± 2.8 mm, and 35,592.3 ± 10,334.3 mm3 in skeletal class III, respectively. Despite no significant differences in maxillary sinus width, depth, or volume, the height was significantly lower in the skeletal class II than in the other two. Regardless of the skeletal pattern, maxillary sinus height and volume increased considerably after treatment. Moreover, the maxillary sinus width was substantially involved in pretreatment U1 to SN and overbite and posttreatment U1 to NA and overjet.
Conclusion
Except for the height, the maxillary sinus dimensions were almost similar, irrespective of the skeletal classification. The posttreatment sinus height and volume were significantly greater than the pretreatment values, although the sinus width and length showed no significant changes during orthodontic treatment. This implies that orthodontic treatment may facilitate the enlargement of the maxillary sinus even after physical growth.journal articl