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Subjective Happiness among Adults in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic : Socioeconomic Status, Psychosocial Variables, and Loneliness as Predictors
Get PDFHumankind has pursued happiness for centuries. Given the significance of happiness to people, this study analyzes predictive associations between socioeconomic and psychosocial variables as independent variables and subjective happiness as the dependent variable. The study utilizes data from the Social Science Japan Data Archive (SSJDA), part of the Institute of Social Science at the University of Tokyo, collected in 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were reorganized as binary variables and then analyzed in bivariate analyses and subsequently in multivariate models to assess predictive associations between the independent and dependent variables, i.e., subjective happiness. Binary logistic regression analysis identified a model with the following eight independent variables as optimal of all tested models: (1) marital status, (2) self-identified social class, (3) annual household income, (4) affirming one’s own merits, (5) perception that people are trustworthy, (6) having a trustworthy neighbor, (7) feeling lonely, and (8) self-rated health. The discussion section focuses on loneliness, as it is the only variable among the eight predictors that has a statistically significant negative association with subjective happiness. The complex interplay among subjective happiness, its predictors—in particular, loneliness—and the COVID-19 pandemic is explored.journal articl
Impact of anesthesiologist experience on neuraxial anesthesia outcomes in cesarean sections
Get PDFBACKGROUNDː Despite the requirement for meticulous management of cesarean anesthesia, no study has explored the impact of novice trainee anesthesiologists in this field. This study assessed challenges in neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean sections and compared outcomes between novice and senior anesthesiologists.
METHODSː We retrospectively analyzed 446 cesarean sections with neuraxial anesthesia. The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of anesthesiologists' experience on the time required to administer neuraxial anesthesia and whether maternal body mass index (BMI) influenced this relationship. Secondary objectives included examining maternal hemodynamic variability, operative details, and newborn outcomes relative to the anesthesiologist's experience.
RESULTSː Novice anesthesiologists required a significantly longer time to perform neuraxial anesthesia (24.9 [7.1] min vs. 18.2 [7.0] min, p < 0.001) than their senior counterparts. A significant interaction was observed between anesthesiologist experience and maternal BMI on the time to administer neuraxial anesthesia (p = 0.017), with a moderate correlation between BMI and administration time for novices (r = 0.50, p < 0.001) and only a slight correlation for seniors (r = 0.17, p = 0.001). Experience level did not significantly affect intraoperative hemodynamics, Apgar scores, or umbilical cord blood gas analyses.
CONCLUSIONSː The effect of maternal BMI on the difficulty of performing neuraxial anesthesia in parturients can be more pronounced for novice anesthesiologists than for experienced ones. Despite requiring more time to perform neuraxial anesthesia, novice anesthesiologists do not significantly affect maternal hemodynamics or newborn distress during obstetric anesthesia, provided that they are under the supervision of experienced anesthesiologists.journal articl
Rational Points on the Parabola and the Arithmetic of Related Algebraic Tori
Get PDFLet D be a non-square integer and C0 be the parabola y = x2 − D. C0(Q) denotes the rational points of C0. Adding the infinite point ∞ to C0(Q), we introduce a new multiplicative group structure on C0(Q) ∪ {∞}, which is denoted by C0(Q). As an application of this group structure, we shall give several formulae of the covergents of the continued fraction expansions of √D. C1 denotes the Pell conic x2 − Dy2 = 1 and C1(Q) de notes the rational points on C1. Then C0(Q) and C1(Q) are isomorphic as rational points of two algebraic tori. We will investigate the arithmetic of C0(Q) and C1(Q) as the rational points of these algebraic tori.departmental bulletin pape
Schizophrenia and cognitive dysfunction
Get PDFSchizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with cognitive dysfunction as a core symptom along with positive and negative symptoms. Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia can be broadly classified into neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits, with these deficits significantly influencing social functioning. Therapeutic interventions aiming to enhance neurocognition and social cognition have been developed. In this review, we describe the characteristics of cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia, its relationship to social function, and intervention strategies.journal articl
Developmental Changes in Stroop Task Performance among Individuals with High-Functioning Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Get PDFObjective : This study aimed to assess age-related changes in Stroop Color and Word test indices in individuals with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder (HF-PDD) and compare their performance with typically developing (TD) individuals. Methods : There were a total of 125 participants (57 TD, 68 HF-PDD), aged 6-24. Stimuli were displayed on computer screens, and participants verbally responded with response times recorded via voice key function. Results : Single regression analysis revealed age-associated trends in Stroop test indices for both groups, indicating shorter response times and reduced Stroop interference with age. The age at which the best Stroop test results were obtained ranged from 220 to 260 months for TD and from 195 to 201 months for HF-PDD. While color naming and word reading tasks showed no significant group differences, color word naming task response times were significantly longer for the HF-PDD group. Around 30% of HF-PDD participants scored over two standard deviations above the TD mean. Conclusions : Both TD and HF-PDD groups exhibited age-related changes in Stroop task performance, which were fitted by a quadratic regression curve. Prolongation of the color word naming task in the HF-PDD group suggests that approximately 30% of individuals with HF-PDD have difficulty with stereotype suppression.journal articl