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The Effect of Photon-induced Hot-electron on Tunneling Efficiency across Nanojunctions
No full text分子電子學旨在探討電極–分子–電極(electrode-molecule-electrode, EME)系統的電子傳遞，此傳遞效率和電子穿隧能障高度(barrier height)有關，而EME系統的傳遞效率與能障高度可以透過穿隧衰減常數值(tunneling decay constant)定性地評比。本論文研究電流受電磁場(光)的影響：電磁場與金屬奈米電極耦合產生的表面電漿共振(surface plasmon resonance)能量衰減，或者電磁場激發金屬電子，皆能使金屬裡的電子得到能量，產生熱電子，提升電子傳遞效率。我們以掃描穿隧顯微術破裂點接合法(scanning tunneling microscopy break junction, STM BJ)測量""沒有分子架接於電極的空間穿隧電流""以及""分子架接於電極的分子導電值""，並討論入射雷射光對電流的提升效果。前者實驗得到穿隧衰減常數，釐清電極、溶劑與入射電磁場三種變因的關係。我們量測電極分別為金和銀、溶劑分別為辛基苯(octylbenzene)和碳酸丙烯酯(propylene carbonate)及不入射/入射雷射光(532 nm)之穿隧衰減常數，了解金屬電極中的電子穿隧經溶劑到另一電極的難易程度。電極方面，銀電極系統的穿隧衰減常數小於金電極；當溶劑為碳酸丙烯酯時，其穿隧衰減常數較辛基苯小；照光時，穿隧衰減常數下降，且轉換電壓能譜(transition voltage spectroscopy, TVS)的最低點對應到的偏壓較小，意味著熱電子的產生將使穿隧能障下降。以上的現象與功函數、極性以及熱電子產生有關。將熱電子的概念延伸至""分子架接於電極""的實驗中，我們量測2,7–二胺基芴及4,4''–聯吡啶兩種分子在照光時導電值變化，並討論為何前者的導電值提升量較大，而後者提升量較小。The fundamental of molecular electronics involves electron-transport through electrode-molecule-electrode junctions. The transporting efficiency can be correlated to barrier height by tunneling decay constant. The interaction of molecular electronics with plasmons, collective oscillations of free electrons coupling to electromagnetic fields, has drawn lots of attentions. The formation of hot electrons from surface plasmon decay results in photocurrent. In addition, hot electron can also be generated from photoexcitation. We measure the tunneling phenomenon without molecules bridging between electrodes and the responses of gold and silver electrodes, solvent including octylbenzene and propylene carbonate, and electromagnetic field to tunneling decay constant by scanning tunneling microscopy break junction (STM BJ). The tunneling decay constant is reduced for silver electrodes in propylene carbonate when irradiated, that would be realized by comparing the work function of metal, polarity of solvent and by the presence of hot electrons. Following the concept of hot electrons, we investigate the increased conductance of molecules that binding to Au electrodes via head group under illumination and explain the differences in the conductance enhancement of 2,7-diaminofluorene and 4,4′-bipyridine
A Bridging Structure in Single Molecular Junctions: the Verification of Metal－Headgroup－Metal Junction by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
No full textMultiple Perspectives Between Taiwanese and Japanese: Research On the Japanese Poet Momiyama Ishuu
No full textThe analysis of “ ethical discourses ” by Japanophone Taiwanese writers under the condition of war mobilization The case of Chang Wen Huan and Yang Kui (1937~1945)
No full textBelief in Essence: A Reexamination of Sex, Gender and Sexuality
No full text近年來主流酷兒理論者崇尚反本質主義（或稱為建構主義）並提出了包含生理性、社會性與性特質的性別流動論。他們批判本質主義，進而形成本質主義與性別建構論的對立。儘管酷兒理論者視跨性別主體為性別流動或性別模糊的具體展現，但對觀者而言，真是如此嗎？為了論證需要，主流理論者時常以跨性表演者與變性人為跨性主體的例子，並且假設觀者在跨性主體身上必定看到性別的流動與不確定性。然而，觀者的角度卻從未被正視。本論文聚焦於酷兒論述中屢屢出現卻從未被探討的觀者。其中觀者主要分為兩部分：跨性扮裝劇場的觀眾與變性人的伴侶。論文中以觀眾與伴侶的觀點為主軸，說明觀者實際上在面對跨性表演及變性人時，反應並不如酷兒理論者所言。本論文主張觀者能夠保有多重覺知（multiple consciousness）：意即能同時讀出跨性別主體的身體性、原生性與性別氣質。一旦觀者知曉表演者的身體性別或變性者的原生性別，就會注意到並視此為跨性別主體的本質。簡言之，觀者因受先備知識影響，並不會在跨性主體身上感到疑惑，而是同時看見跨性主體不變的本質及其建構出的外在樣貌。 第一章將探討觀眾在跨性扮裝表演者身上所看到的身體性別。討論範圍橫跨文藝復興的男扮女裝劇場、復辟時期乃至十九世紀的女扮男裝劇場，到日本的寶塚歌劇團。第二章析述伴侶在變性人身上所見以及偏好的身體性或原生性別。以電影《男孩別哭》中的Lana與《藍調石牆T》裡的Theresa為例，說明對某些伴侶而言，身體性乃是不可撼動的本質。並且舉Pat Califia與變性友人的互動及變性人伴侶的經驗來說明當變性人的身體性不復存時，這些觀者轉而相信其原生性別。其中許多變性人伴侶關注並偏好特定的原生性別，但這些觀點追根究柢卻是奠基於對原生性別的刻板印象。 第三章接著闡述對原生性別的刻板印象如何影響觀者對性與性別的觀點，而被「性別化」的性暴力最能突顯此點。例如激進女性主義者就時常將性暴力性別化，尤其將男性與性暴力加害者做連結。本章援引Sharon Marcus的論述，說明女性如何在性暴力論述中被「性別化」與「性化」而成注定的受害者。而同樣情況也在扮裝表演裡可見。本章提出諸多例子，尤以兩齣皆由呂柏伸所執導的《量•度》來說明女演員在跨性扮演男性暴力角色時，是如何因女性身體的「被看見」而降低其性威脅的強度。For decades, the dominant anti-essentialist (also called constructionist) queer theorists have established a paradigm of gender fluidity in queer study. They criticize essentialism and stress the opposition between essentialism and constructionism concerning cross-gendered subjects, of which cross-dressers and transsexuals are often used as examples. In order to validate their arguments, theorists often assume that observers must have experienced ambiguity or uncertainty when they see cross-gendered subjects. Drawing on the experiences of both the audience of cross-dressing performances and partners of transsexuals, this thesis argues that those observers are capable of holding “multiple consciousness,” which means that they can perceive birth-assigned sex, physical sex and gender characteristics at the same time. As long as the observers know the cross-dresser’s physical sex or the transsexual’s birth-assigned sex, it is viewed as the inalterable essence of the cross-gendered subjects by the observer. Inevitably affected by prior knowledge, observers seldom experience the ambiguity or uncertainty as queer theorists argue. Any physical characteristic or behavior is therefore “gendered” according to that “prior knowledge” of the cross-gendered subject’s physical or genetic sex. However, observers do not perceive the essence purely. Their perceptions are unavoidably influenced by social stereotypes about sexual differences. This thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is about the audience’s perception of physical sex in cross-dressing performances. In this chapter, I demonstrate how the use in Elizabethan and Jacobean England of boy actors cast as females and the use in Restoration England of actresses as males encouraged the audience to notice the physical sex of the performers. Furthermore, the audience’s published reflections on the performances of the world-famous Takarazuka Revue in Japan reveal that the audience is still able to read the physical bodies clearly even when the costumes are designed to conceal the actresses’ female bodies. The second chapter is concerned with transsexual relationships, focusing on the partners’ preference for a certain physical sex or birth-assigned sex of the transsexuals. Lana in the film of Boys Don’t Cry and Theresa in the novel of Stone Butch Blues are taken to discuss how the partners may stick to physical sex as the fundamental essence of a pre-operative and a post-operative transsexual. Pat Califia’s realization of his transsexual friend’s birth-assigned sex and examples of some transmen’s partners are applied to illustrate how genetic sex eventually replaces physical sex to be the fundamental essence. Many partners’ fixation on genetic sex turns out to be deeply affected by culturally rooted stereotypes. In Chapter Three, these prevalent and problematic stereotypes are discussed and made clear. Stereotypes are readily apparent in the gendering of sexual violence, which can mostly exemplify how the perception of gender is determined by the knowledge of the physical sex of those involved. In sexual violence women are often considered victims while men are often seen as perpetrators. Radical feminist arguments and anxiety on the “power” that is begotten to men with their male genitalia reveal the general assumption that perpetrators of sexual violence are primarily associated with male-bodied people solely. Sharon Marcus’s argument is used to point out how females are always immediately “gendered” and “sexualized” in sexual violence. In the end, I use the performances of The Constant Couple, the play of The Flirting Scholar, and two Taiwanese productions of Measure for Measure (both directed by Lu Po-shen) to demonstrate how sexual violence or threat is mitigated when the actresses take the perpetrating male roles
Eating and Gender Politics in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and Margaret Atwood’s The Edible Woman
No full text 飲食在維吉尼亞・吳爾芙與瑪格麗特・愛特伍的作品中佔有舉足輕重的地位。兩位二十世紀重要的女作家皆將飲食隱喻成社會與個人的中介，並藉由書寫飲食疾患(eating disorders)來批判當代社會所建構所謂健康、符合性別觀感的身體印象，進而審問均衡體態以及健身等主流價值如何規訓當代人對於身體的感知。藉由檢視吳爾芙及愛特伍小說裡的飲食政治，本篇論文旨在揭露當代性別權力關係以及審視飲食疾患者能否成功透過飲食抵制性別壓迫。本篇論文採跨領域研究手法，融精神分析、社會學、女性主義論述為一家，透過前述各家對於口腔期、飲食與身體體態，以及飲食、體態如何影響人格養成和反映社會秩序等論述為理論框架，進而探究吳爾芙《戴洛維夫人》與愛特伍《可吃的女人》中的飲食與性別政治。論文探討飲食政治如何反映性別身體社會化、常規化的過程；另一方面也討論飲食疾患(eating disorders)能否視為一種的顛覆父權的有效手段，同時揭露飲食疾患者在此一過程中可能面對的潛在危險。除了採伊蕊格萊式觀點將病態的身體看作富政治性、具抗議正面意義的文本閱讀，本篇論文進一步檢視飲食疾患者在抗議的同時將自己陷於自我毀滅、進退維谷的窘境。透過比較兩本小說中不同的飲食策略以及兩位作者對於社會階級及父權剝削的批判，本篇論文試圖進一步提出一套飲食之道，以利書中角色於一次大戰後的倫敦及六〇年代的加拿大消費社會中得以生存。Food and eating are essential elements in works of Virginia Woolf and Margaret Atwood, two significant female writers of the twentieth century. Both utilize eating disorders to intervene in the discursive construction of a healthy gendered body and to problematize the mainstream values of body proportions and body management. By delving into eating politics in Woolf’s and Atwood’s novels, this thesis addresses the problematics of gender and sees if eating or not eating serves as effective bodily resistance to sexist oppression. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach including psychoanalytic, sociologist, and feminist accounts of orality, eating and body, and their relation to self-formation and social order, this thesis investigates how one’s eating politics reflects social normalization of a gendered body and explores the potential and pitfalls of eating disorders as a means of self-empowerment in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and Margaret Atwood’s The Edible Woman. In addition to an Irigarayian reading of the political meaning in bodily textuality, the thesis addresses the double bind between self-assertion and self-destruction seen on disorderly eaters. Through comparing diverse eating politics and the respective critiques of social hierarchy and patriarchal commodification in postwar London and in Canadian consumer society in the 1960s, the thesis further attempts to envision a survival agenda in Mrs. Dalloway and The Edible Woman
The Pendulum of Enjoyment: Reading Edgar Allan Poe's Works in Terms of Schizoanalysis and Psychoanalysis
No full text本文以時代脈絡、精神分裂分析及精神分析，重探艾倫坡及其作品與其社會文化的關係。失去養父之經濟支柱後，艾倫坡立志在文藝領域闖出一片天。在友人推薦之下，有幸獲得《南方文学信使》編輯一職。隨後，看不慣當時的批評風氣，興起改革文學批評氛圍之雄心，大肆撻伐同代文人作品，甚至同當時的波士頓超越主義者筆戰十年之久。在筆戰的過程，坡區分「道統純正」與「江湖郎中」超越主義之別，將波士頓超越主義者貶為江湖郎中，並以捍衛道統純正的超越主義之名，藉機提出個人理想──以不受道德束縛之美感受為詩╱文學的指導原則。為此，他抨擊說教、追求真理為依歸的詩╱文學。為此，坡本人及其作品未能受到當時社會的認可與賞識。即使如此，本文主張，坡為捍衛美感受不受道德傳統約束，企圖在當時建立起一反道德或無道德之詩╱文學理想國。誠如法國文學家波特萊爾的分析，坡及作品未被賞識之因是，當時未有專論變態╱病態之哲學論述。如今，精神分裂分析正是肯定及擁抱變態╱病態之哲學論述，用以解析坡之理想恰恰適當不過。因此，本文接著將以精神分裂分析之理念，勾勒出坡式美學意欲建立之理想國，本文稱之「美感烏托邦」，並點出坡及坡式美學與資本主義之曖昧、矛盾關係。雖然「美感烏托邦」看似無限風光，但坡個人實踐結果顯示卻是相反，導向自我毀滅。此困境在精神分裂分析無解，但卻能在精神分析找到出路。因此，本文最後將以精神分析理論以及精神分析對資本主義的批判，分析及檢視坡、坡式美學及精神分裂分析之困境，並以精神分析提供神經症主體之「認同個人症狀」解套作結。This dissertation reexamines the relation of Poe and his works to his society and argues that Poe, like the Bostonian transcendentalists, set up a visionary world for his society despite its failure to be appreciated. To reform the critical body of his day, Poe intended to elevate Beauty as an effect as the dominant value of poetry or art in place of the traditional values of Truth and Good. To implement his ideal, Poe lashed hard at his contemporaries, the Bostonian or New England transcendentalists in particular, found faults with their works, and made a distinction between cant and authentic transcendentalism. Denouncing those Bostonian transcendentalists or Frogpondians for cant transcendentalism, Poe claimed himself a defender of authentic transcendentalism. In the name of authentic transcendentalism, Poe censured didacticism-oriented values and explicated his ideal, or Poesque aesthetics. Thus, I argue that Poe hoped to reorient the literary world of his day to an immoral or amoral world dominated by Beauty as effect. Featured with its immorality or amorality, Poe and Poesque aesthetics were greatly acknowledged and appreciated by his contemporaries. Despite so, it cannot be denied that Poe and Poesque aesthetics attempt to set up a visionary world. Then this dissertation will employ schizoanalysis to elaborate Poe’s ideal and the relations of Poe and his works to capitalism and to every one of us living in a capitalist society. Although the affective utopia that Poe and Poesque aesthetics lead one to can be delineated through schizoanalysis, the difficulties it creates cannot be solved with schizoanalysis. Thus, this dissertation will finally resort to psychoanalysis to analyze the difficulties and offer its solution to readers
Study on the effect of wild bitter melon on regulatory T cells and further modulation of intestinal immune system
No full text慢性發炎和免疫失調與許多疾病的發生相關，包括胰島素抗性、過敏與發炎性大腸疾病等，調節型T細胞 (Regulatory T cells, Treg)具有抗發炎與調節免疫的作用。山苦瓜 (wild bitter melon, WBM) 已被應用於改善胰島素抗性，但免疫相關的研究仍少，因此本研究探討山苦瓜對腸道免疫系統及調節型T細胞的影響。以高油飲食誘導肥胖的C57BL/6J小鼠，探討山苦瓜是否透過抗發炎與免疫調節改善胰島素抗性，結果餵食含5％山苦瓜凍乾粉末飼料12週，降低小鼠禁食血糖和血脂，改善胰島素抗性，降低脂肪組織SVF (stromal vascular fraction) M1/M2的比例與CD4+ T細胞的數量。同時，山苦瓜增加腸繫膜淋巴結 (mesenteric lymph nodes, MLN) 的CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg比率與數量。以餵食Foxp3-EGFP小鼠山苦瓜驗證山苦瓜對腸道免疫及Treg的影響，結果顯示山苦瓜顯著增加Foxp3-EGFP小鼠MLN的CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg比率與數量，且MLN與皮耶氏體細胞分泌較高的IL-10及TGF-β，再次顯示山苦瓜具有促進腸道Treg免疫之作用。 為探討山苦瓜各萃物對增加調節型T細胞的分化潛力與機制，以山苦瓜各萃物添加於初代脾臟、MLN、CD4+ T與樹突細胞培養試驗培養液中。結果山苦瓜M-Res與BuE萃物可促進初代脾臟細胞IL-10和TGF-β分泌，透過aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) 增加CD4+ T細胞分化為Foxp3+ Treg。而WE萃物促進初代樹突細胞IL-10分泌，且WE萃物培養後的樹突細胞可增加CD4+ T細胞分化為 IL-10+ T細胞與Foxp3+ Treg。實驗續以BuE萃物純化分離並鑑定活性成份，結果發現增加CD4+ T細胞分化為Foxp3+ Treg成份之一為tryptophan。 最後，以dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 誘發腸炎小鼠模式，驗證山苦瓜與tryptophan是否透過增加Treg，減緩腸道發炎反應。實驗於DSS誘發腸炎前餵食小鼠含5%山苦瓜凍乾粉飼料或0.5% tryptophan飼料共2週或6週，結果山苦瓜能顯著增加MLN內Foxp3+ Treg及大腸Foxp3 mRNA基因表現量，並降低大腸組織IL-6與IL-17，增加IL-10含量，減緩DSS誘發小鼠體重流失、疾病指數與腸道縮短現象。2週補充tryptophan顯著降低大腸組織IL-6含量，減緩小鼠疾病指數。大腸組織TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-17含量以及疾病指數，皆與Foxp3 mRNA表現量呈現顯著負相關，顯示山苦瓜透過增加腸道中Treg，降低腸道發炎反應，減緩DSS誘發腸炎小鼠疾病指數。 綜合上述結果，山苦瓜具有促進小鼠腸道調節型T細胞免疫作用，減緩DSS誘發腸炎小鼠腸道發炎。山苦瓜促進調節型T細胞免疫的活性萃物包含M-Res、BuE和WE萃物，可能的機制為活化AhR，促進Foxp3的表現；增加CD103+ 樹突細胞比率及IL-10分泌，促進Foxp3+ Treg與IL-10+CD4+ T細胞分化。顯示山苦瓜具有抗發炎與免疫調節之功效，維持腸道免疫平衡，可應用於預防及減緩發炎性腸道疾病，做為腸道保健之蔬果，與開發為腸道保健相關食品的潛力。Chronic inflammation and immune disorder are associated with insulin resistance, allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, etc. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) suppress a variety of inflammatory and pathological immune responses. Wild bitter melon (WBM) has been demonstrated to improve the insulin resistance, but its effect on immune is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of WBM on the intestinal immune system and Treg development. First, to investigate the improvement in insulin resistance of wild bitter melon is involved with its immune modulatory effects. High-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were fed the diet containing 5% WBM powder for 12 weeks. The results showed that WBM treatment reduced fasting glucose and triglyceride in the serum, and improved insulin resistance. WBM reduced the M1/M2 ratio and CD4+ T cells infiltration in stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Moreover, WBM increased the percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). To confirm the effects of WBM on intestinal immune system and Foxp3+ Treg cells population, Foxp3-EGFP mice co-expressing EGFP and Foxp3 in Treg were fed WBM experimental diet. The results showed that WBM also increased the percentage of CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg in MLN and interleukin (IL)-10 and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β secretion by ConA-stimulated Peyer’s patches and MLN cells. These results suggested that WBM could enhance the Foxp3+ Treg development in the intestinal immune system. The bioactive compounds of WBM and mechanisms of promoting the development of Treg were investigated by using the primary spleen cells, MLN cells, CD4+ T cells and bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC) culture in vitro. The results showed that M-Res and BuE extract of WBM increased IL-10 and TGF-β secretion by splenocytes and promoted the development of Foxp3+ Treg through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. WE extract increased IL-10 secretion by BMDC and promoted CD4+ T cells differentiate into IL-10+ T cells and Foxp3+ T cells in CD4+ T cells cocultured with WE pretreated BMDC. Moreover, tryptophan is the bioactive compound from BuE extract was found that increase Foxp3+ Treg development in vitro. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of WBM and tryptophan on inflammatory bowel disease were investigated by using dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)- induced colitis murine model. A diet containing 5% WBM or 0.5% tryptophan was administered to mice for 2 or 6 weeks and then gave 7 days DSS treatment. WBM intake significantly improved weight loss, disease activity index and colon shortening. Colonic cytokine IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly decreased, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased in WBM-fed mice. The mRNA expression of TGF-β and Foxp3 in colon, and Foxp3+ Treg cell population in the MLN were also significantly higher in the WBM group. Tryptophan supplement ameliorated disease activity index and reduced the colonic IL-6 levels. The significantly negative correlation between Foxp3 mRNA expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines in colon is in accordance with the critical role of Treg cell for regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis. These results suggested that WBM reduces the inflammatory response and induces higher level of Treg cells in DSS-induced colitic mice. In summary, WBM enhanced Treg development in intestinal immune system in both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of enhancing Treg development by WBM are not only through AhR pathway, but also increased the CD103+ dendritic cells and IL-10 secretion. Furthermore, WBM inhibited the inflammatory response caused by colitis and induces higher level of Treg cells in the intestinal immune system. These results suggested that WBM could exert the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects in maintaining intestinal immune balance and alleviating the severity of the symptoms on inflammatory bowel disease
Development of neutralizing antibody against the membrane glycoproteins of emerging disease viruses.
No full text2012年夏天，發生首例證實感染新型冠狀病毒-中東呼吸症候群冠狀病毒（Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV）的個案，此種新型病毒在人類宿主具有高度傳染力，其致死率為36%，遠高於感染嚴重急性呼吸道症候群（Sever acute respiratory syndrome, SARS）之致死率。同時，2013年12月，西非地區伊波拉病毒（Ebola virus）引爆大流行疫情，為伊波拉出血熱流行病學史上最嚴重的一次疫情。上述MERS-CoV和Ebola在目前並無適合之治療藥物與疫苗，對人類威脅甚鉅，基於疫情控管與檢測考量之重要性，發展對應之中和性單株抗體已是刻不容緩。本論文針對此兩種新興病毒侵入宿主之機制，選擇具有高抗原性之膜醣蛋白（glycoprotein, GP）與spike protein（SP），開發出具有中和性效價之單株抗體。預期在篩選具有專一性及高效價之單株抗體後，將可投入Ebola與MERS-CoV之快篩檢驗技術平台開發。Ebola單株抗體製備部分如下：(1)自GP中挑選出表面抗原性高之序列，避開可能之後轉譯修飾區域，選擇在蛋白質立體結構上，位於表面之3段短鏈胜肽，人工合成抗原進行免疫；(2)參考已發表之伊波拉病毒單株抗體 KZ52做為參考，製備部分GP2重組蛋白片段做為抗原。MERS-CoV部分，分別針對侵入宿主之S1區域與宿主結合之RBD部位，使用桿狀病毒表現系統製備重組蛋白做為抗原，進行小鼠免疫，目前已取得專一性單株抗體。在獲得高度專一性之抗體後，將以表現SP之細胞株進行中和性試驗，證實單株抗體有抑制病毒感染宿主細胞受體DPP4之功能。未來將利用blocking ELISA 與 antigen-capture ELISA兩種檢驗法，應用於病毒防疫與檢驗之快篩平台。The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first reported to infect human beings in September 2012. This virus seemed to develop into a highly contagious disease and caused high mortality rate up to 36%. Since December 2013 west Africa experienced the largest outbreak of Ebola, which was first discovered in 1976. The mortality of Ebola virus disease is relatively high, and yet the therapeutic drugs and vaccines are still under development. Researches for further understanding of the disease progression as well as accurate detection methods for these viruses are important for endemic control. Thus, the goal of this study is to develop specific antibodies against Ebola virus or MERS-CoV for the application in virus detection and clinical therapy. Two of the virus surface proteins, glycoprotein（GP）and spike protein（SP）, which were predicted as having high specificity and antigenicity were chosen as the antigens. In Ebola case, 3 peptides fragments of GP and its truncated form, constructed in refer to the published anti-GP mAb KZ52, were synthesized and expressed for mice immunization. In MERS-CoV case, S1 domain and receptor binding domain（RBD）were constructed and expressed in Bac-to-Bac Expression system for immunization. After repeat boosts, mice were sacrificed for producing hybridoma. Monoclonal antibodies（mAb） were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）and then identified by Western blot. Finally, neutralizing assays for MERS-CoV were used to verify the inhibition of the specific mAb which might block the virus invasion through the expressed DPP4 receptor on the cell surface. Useful mAb will be selected and used to develop the blocking ELISA or the antigen-capture ELISA, which could be utilized in clinical diagnosis or quick viral detection in the field
