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Underwater Image Restoration by Red-Dark Channel Prior and Point Spread Function Deconvolution
No full text在水下研究領域裡，無人載具通常都會安裝影像監控系統來記錄海底環境資訊。其拍攝的水下影像擁有些共同特徵：色偏和低能見度。這些因素是由於光進入海水之中，其能量會以指數性衰減；此外，根據波長的性質，衰減的幅度也會有所不同。此篇論文主要以簡化的傑夫-葛萊蒙利(Jaffe-McGlamery)水下光學模型來有效率地修復水下影像。在我們的方法裡，首先利用改良過的暗黑頻道來估算紅光色系的背景光和穿透率。如此一來，其能見度將會以物體與相機之間的相對距離獲得適當的補償。接者，藉由分析點擴散方程式與前向散射的關係，我們推導出一個簡單但實用的低通濾波來對水下影像去捲積。最後，利用整張影像的灰階值與波長吸收係數之間的關係，估測出場景距海平面的平均深度及對各色系做合理地補償色差。實驗的數據指出，在各種水下場景，提出的演算法會比許多現存的方法擁有更高程度的影像品質。因此，我們深信此修復方法能夠延伸出不同的水下影像之應用層面。In the field of undersea research, underwater vehicles usually carry camera systems for recording. The captured images and videos often have two undesired characteristics: color distortion and low visibility. This is because that the light is exponentially attenuated while penetrating through water. Furthermore, the quantity of attenuation is associated with the wavelength of light spectrum. This thesis simplifies the Jaffe-McGlamery optical model and proposes an effective algorithm to recover underwater images. In our approach, a red-dark channel prior was defined and derived to estimate the background light and the transmission. The visibility of scene was compensated by the object-camera distance to recover the color of the background and objects. Subsequently, by analyzing the physical property of the point spread function, we developed a simple but efficient low-pass filter to deblur the image by deconvolution. Finally, we used the relationship between the radiance above the sea surface and the absorption coefficient to correct the color distortion. A wide variety of underwater images with different scenarios were used for the experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm effectively recovered underwater images while eliminating the influence of absorption and scattering. Comparing with many existing methods, the proposed framework provided more natural restoration results. We believe that this new restoration algorithm is promising in many underwater image processing applications
Study on Mooring and Anchoring System for a Floating Kuroshio Turbine
No full text隨著海洋能源開發技術的發展，擁有黑潮資源的臺灣也已著手於相關技術研發。洋流發電機組之開發重點便是如何安全的將開發機組安裝於工作位置上，而臺灣海域地形底質多變，相關地質及力學特性調查資料亦尚未周全，此項挑戰將成為技術開發的一項關鍵，因此，建立合適的模擬分析工具並做好預期實際狀況的因應準備乃有其研究上的必要性。 本研究基於前述動機，利用海洋油氣開發領域相當成熟的軟體程式OrcaFlex來進行數值建模，模擬浮游式黑潮渦輪發電機組(Floating Kuroshio Turbine；FKT)於額定流速1.5m/s下，FKT機組利用浮力引擎控制沉降與上浮等一系列佈放回收及下沉以避長浪之動態行為，最後並利用模擬結果分析設計可行之錨繫系統裝置，建立適合FKT使用之錨碇塊，並配合計算流體力學(Computational Fluid Dynamics；CFD)軟體ANSYS-FLUENT進行錨繫系統相關流體動力係數計算。As the increasing demand for energy and the growing awareness of environmental sustainability, researchers are dedicated to developing innovative energy devices. Kuroshio Current is one of the potential marine energy that can be widely extended and applied in the future. However, the hydrographic features around Taiwan are unpredictable and the related geological surveys are also not well clear now. Hence, the investigation of how to set the ocean turbines on the operating location safely is the important key to promote technology development. To resolve the issue, it’s necessary to establish an appropriate simulation environment by the software to evaluate the operation procedures and the actual situation that may be encountered. This thesis is based on the motivation mentioned above. We use the OrcaFlex, a fairly mature software program on the field of marine oil and gas development, to do the numerical analysis about the Floating Kuroshio Turbine (FKT) under the rated flow 1.5m/s. By controlling the different income rate of seawater by buoyancy engines can make FKT to the target depth of location in order to work normally and reduce the impact of heavy swell. Last, we analyzed and designed available mooring and anchoring system according to the simulation results. Moreover, we use the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-FLUENT to calculate the hydrodynamic coefficients of the anchor system to complete the series of design
The Impact of Microphysics Schemes on Typhoon Simulation
No full text本研究透過加入氣膠(凝結核)活化過程的參數法以及使用double-moment bulk scheme，以了解不同雲微物理參數法對模擬颱風路徑、強度及結構的影響。針對2013年天兔(USAGI)及潭美(TRAMI)颱風，選用WDM6、Morrison以及CLR參數法，並在各參數法中設定不同氣膠(凝結核)數量濃度進行真實颱風個案模擬。 結果顯示，氣膠(凝結核)數量濃度初始設定與雲微物理參數法的差異皆會影響天兔與潭美颱風路徑、強度及微物理結構。不同雲微物理參數法模擬綜觀天氣系統造成的差異雖然不大，但由於各參數法在水物轉換過程設計的不同，造成較小尺度模擬結果的差異，進而導致模擬的颱風路徑、移速及強度不同。此外，比較兩個強度不同的颱風模擬結果，不同雲微物理參數法之間的差異，在強度較輕的潭美颱風之模擬上較為明顯。在颱風路徑方面也會透過不同雲微物理過程導致小尺度模擬的差異，造成各組路徑的分歧，其中潭美路徑的差異較大。颱風移動方向與速度之差異大致上可透過颱風潛熱釋放水平分布之不均勻性來解釋。颱風中心南側的潛熱釋放大於北側時，會造成颱風向南移動的分量增加。 在參數法之間差異的方面，WDM6參數法不管是在模擬天兔或是潭美的強度結果都是最強的，此結果與該參數法中雲水自動轉換為雨水過程較為快速以及雪轉換成冰雹後透過融化過程產生較多的雨水有關，造成颱風中心附近潛熱釋放較大。此外，CLR參數法設定三組不同背景氣膠數量的模擬結果差異最大。當氣膠濃度較高時，颱風外圍雨帶會形成較多但形狀較小的雲滴，透過垂直上升運動到高層外流區形成較多小的冰晶，而在颱風外圍雨帶的冰晶成長潛熱釋放使得颱風中心加熱效率變差，導致模擬的颱風強度較弱。 本研究最後進一步討論雲─輻射交互作用過程如何影響颱風路徑及強度。在模擬天兔個案中，各組大氣中的短波輻射淨值在南北側差異不大，而大氣中的長波輻射淨值南北側差異最大的是CLR_marine，導致該組颱風中心北側較冷、南側較暖，有利於颱風移動方向偏南；在潭美個案中短波輻射淨值有較明顯的南北差異，其中CLR參數法模擬北側大氣中的短波輻射淨值較其他兩種參數法模擬的結果大，該結果使颱風北側大氣底層短波熱通量增加，有利於路徑偏北，但長波向上輻射通量也增加，應不利颱風向北移動。儘管如此，綜合水物相態轉換潛熱釋放與大氣中長/短波輻射淨值的結果，最後仍使得CLR參數法模擬潭美的路徑結果較WDM6與Morrison參數法模擬的結果偏北。由於本研究實驗並未將輻射參數法的使用與否作為研究的重點，因此尚未能證實影響颱風強度結果的差異是否主要由雲微物理參數法設計各水物形成的差異所貢獻，亦或是雲─輻射交互作用過程才是影響颱風強度的主因。Through the use of double-moment bulk scheme with aerosol activation process, this study was expected to realize the impact of microphysics schemes on typhoon simulation. For simulating typhoon USAGI and TRAMI (2013), this study selected WDM6, Morrison and CLR schemes and set different background aerosols number concentrations. The results showed that background aerosols number concentrations and microphysics schemes (MPs) themselves would influence the tracks, intensities and microphysical structures of typhoon USAGI and TRAMI. The differences of the simulated synoptic-scale systems with those MPs were small. However, those MPs used in this study applied different methods to the formation and phase transform processes of hydrometeors, which might influence the latent heat distribution of typhoon. Therefore, that result would affect typhoon’s track, moving speed and intensity. Besides, comparing the simulation results of two typhoons with different intensities, the simulation results of typhoon TRAMI with weaker intensity exist larger differences from those MPs. In terms of typhoon’s track, the results of TRAMI exist larger differences from different MPs causing small scale differences. The asymmetric distribution of latent heat release may further influence the moving directions and speeds of the simulated typhoon. For instance, a stronger latent heat release at the south side leads to a southward movement of the simulated typhoon. In terms of different MPs, the intensities results of using WDM6 scheme to simulate typhoon USAGI and TRAMI exist the strongest intensity. This result was related to the rapid cloud drops autoconversion process and more rain from more graupel melting process which might cause more latent heat concentrating at the center of typhoon. Besides, from simulations using CLR scheme we demonstrated significant aerosol impact on typhoon. For instance, urban type aerosol tends to produce more but smaller cloud drops, which lead to stronger mixed-phase processes and thus a stronger latent heat release. This effect is more obvious at TC’s outer rainbands, such that the enhancement of the outer rainband disrupted the moisture transport into the TC center. In consequence, urban type aerosol makes the typhoon weaker than that with marine type aerosol. Finally, this study further discussed how cloud-radiative interaction processes may possibly influence the tracks and intensities of the simulated typhoon. In the USAGI case, shortwave radiation in the atmosphere did not show significant differences between the northern and southern parts of the typhoon center. However, CLR_marine showed larger differences in atmospheric longwave radiation between the northern and southern parts of the typhoon center. This resulted in cooling to the north of typhoon center but warming to the south, and this favored typhoon’s moving southward. In the TRAMI case, shortwave radiation in the atmosphere showed significant differences between northern and southern parts of the typhoon center. Among different microphysical schemes, the CLR scheme simulated more downward shortwave radiation to the north of the typhoon center, which favored northward movement of typhoon. However, that scheme also simulated more upward longwave radiation to the north of the typhoon center, which was unfavorable for northward movement of typhoon. The combined effect of latent heat and radiation effects using the CLR scheme simulated a net northward track in TRAMI case. However, this study did not include a full coupling of the radiation scheme with the ocean, so no definite conclusion can be made regarding the cloud-radiative effects on the track and intensity of typhoon
Dynamic Efficiency of Heat and Momentum in Balanced Vortex Model
No full text觀測資料顯示眼牆置換(ERC) 過程會產生不同的結果。Kuo et al. (2009) 發現在置換過程結束後， 大約28% 的颱風會繼續增強。Yang et al. (2013) 針對雙眼牆置換完成後的演化，發展出四個分類。他們指出不同分類的颱風在強度的演化上有明顯的不同，於T-V圖中亦具有不同的演化路徑。 Hack and Schubert (1986) 提出熱動力效率eta (r; z; t) 之概念。此物理量能夠定量描述總位能(P) 轉換到總動能(P) 之能量轉換速率(C)，並以加熱(Q) 最為量度基準。該文獻指出儘管總加熱量(H) 維持一樣，不同的渦漩結構會產生極為不同的轉換效率。在此研究中，我們將利用熱動力效率，來測試單雙眼牆颱風Francis (2004) 之轉換效率反應。我們發現外眼牆在動力上能夠透過減少羅士比長度而提高渦漩的能量轉換效率達50% 至400%，而改變內外眼牆之加熱率比重(從1 : 2 至2 : 1) 則可以強化能量轉換效率達100% 至600%。 除了此研究主要使用的圓柱座標外，本論文也推導在準地轉理論(卡式座標)，卡式座標，球座標與淺水模型之動力效率，可供參考與應用於其他尺度平衡動力研究之用。The observation data shows that the eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) results in different consequences. Kuo et al. (2009) found that approximately 28% of typhoons strengthen after the formation of secondary eyewall. Yang et al. (2013) developed four categories to classify the situations after the formation. They found these four categories exhibit different behaviors on intensity and routes on T-V diagram. ""Dynamic efficiency of heat"" eta (r; z; t)) developed by Hack and Schubert (1986) is to examine the effect of heating on the energy conversion rate (C) converting total potential energy (P) into total kinetic energy (K) They also pointed out that efficiencies vary under different vortex structures while total heating remains the same. In this study, we would apply dynamic efficiencies to examine the response of concentric eyewall cyclone Francis (2004). We find that the presence of outer eyewall enhances the efficiency response by approximately 50% to 400% through reducing Rossby length (lambda_R) while changing the heating ratio between inner and outer eyewalls from 1 : 2 to 2 : 1 enhances the efficiency by 100% to 600% (total heating is fixed). Apart from cylindrical coordinates, we also derive the dynamic efficiencies in quasi-geostrophic theory (Cartesian coordinates), Cartesian coordinates, spherical coordinates, and shallow water model for potentially application to other balance dynamics in different scales
A study of aerosol hygroscopicity in Kinmen
No full text氣膠的物理化學特性在大氣中扮演相當重要的角色，尤其在其吸濕成雲的能力上更會對天氣與氣候產生影響。本研究於2015年3月31日至5月1日利用雲凝結核計數器(CCNc)、凝結核計數器(CPC)以及掃描式電移動度微粒分徑器(SMPS)於金門進行觀測。依據不同的氣象條件以及氣流逆軌跡分析，將觀測分為6個時期，這些時期的氣團來源分別為：4/1-4/6與4/17-4/20來自南方海面、4/6-4/9來自黃海一帶、4/9-4/14與4/20-4/23來自中國華南一帶、4/14-4/17主要為來自金門西北邊之沉降氣流。氣態汙染物在來自陸上的時期的濃度會高於來自海上的時期，尤其是SO2的部分。而測量粒子的活化率(NCCN/NCN)與粒徑分佈後，便可從理論推得乾粒徑(ddry)介於20-250 nm氣膠之吸濕參數(κ)，整個觀測期間平均的κ介於0.15-0.48間，與過去台灣都市地區的資料相比，金門粒子的吸濕性整體都較台北、台中都會區為佳，而較大粒子的吸濕性與高雄都會區的粒子相近。此外金門地區ddry小於70 nm的粒子其κ變異性較70 nm-250 nm之粒子為大，可能原因與當地數起新生粒子事件及黑碳成分有關。 另外一方面本研究也利用MOUDI採集不同濕粒徑(dwet)下之氣膠樣品，並利用離子層析(IC)法分析其組成，並利用化學組成來推算出dwet在17.7 μm至小於0.1 μm氣膠之吸濕參數，發現大於1.8 μm之粒子κ不同天數間有著顯著變化，介於0.46-0.09間，分析其化學組成可發現主要原因為不同來源時期其海鹽成分變化造成氣膠吸濕性質之改變。此外MOUDI採集之氣膠樣品也利用傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(FTIR)進行組成之官能基分析，並與氣膠化學組成進行比較，結果發現量測之四種化學官能基的吸收度與掃描面積下之質量有著良好的相關性，各項官能基吸收度與質量間之趨勢線其R2皆大於0.6。 整個觀測時期於4/1-4/6與4/17-4/20發生兩起霧事件(霧事件I與霧事件II)，有著類似的可能成因與天氣現象，且都有觀測到在霧發生後隨時間推進黑碳在各粒徑間分佈的比例會逐漸往較大粒子移動之現象，可能為氣膠與霧發生交互作用有關。但兩次霧事件在霧滴粒徑分佈的數量模、液態水含量與霧滴數量濃度間都有差距，可能原因為海鹽GCCN之數量以及小粒子的吸濕能力差距導致。The hygroscopicity of ambient aerosols was investigated using a cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNc), a condensation particle counter (CPC) and a scanning mobility particle sizer system (SMPS) in the period of Mar 31st to May 1st, 2015 at Kinmen, Taiwan (24°24''26.70""N, 118°17''19.42""E). Base on the weather condition and NOAA back trajectory analysis, observation campaign was divided into 6 periods. Air parcels of 4/1-4/6 and 4/17-4/20 were came from South China Sea, 4/6-4/9 was came from Yellow Sea, 4/9-4/14 and 4/20-4/23 were came from South China, 4/14-4/17 was descending from North-West of Kinmen. Air pollution concertation, especially SO2, were higher during periods which were came from the continent than periods from sea. The single hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of different size aerosols were derive by the measured activation ratios (NCCN/NCN) and particle size distribution. For ddry (dry diameter) between 20-250 nm particles, κ was in the range of 0.19-0.8 thought out the campaign and showed a size dependent trend. κ at ddry < 70 nm showed strong temporal variation in contrast to that at 70 nm < ddry <250 nm possibly due to the new particle formation processes or soot composition. Compare with recent observation in several Taiwan urban area, aerosols’ hygroscopicity in Kinmen was better than Taipei city and Taichung city, but similar with Kaohsiung city. Aerosols at different sizes were collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI), and analyzed their chemical composition by Ion Chromatography, or their functional groups by an Attenuated Total Reflectance-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). The method of using functional groups analysis to derive mass of the ion or BC that deposited on the MOUDI filter was evaluated as feasible, R2 of the trend line between absorbance of individual functional group species and mass were all larger than 0.6. Chemical composition information of MOUDI samples could also derive κ of μm scale particles, find out that κ at dwet > 1.8 μm was likely contributed by the significant sea salt composition, and therefore the variation of κ at dwet > 1.8 μm was high due to the changes of the aerosol source during the campaign. Two fog events during this campaign were observed during period 4/1-4/6 and 4/17-4/20(fog I and fog II). From fog droplet size distribution data, Fog I was thicker than Fog II and had an additional mode at 26 μm diameter, which possibly due to higher κ and the presence of sea salt GCCN during Fog I. The presence of fog can also affect the black carbon distribution and shift it to larger size due to the growth of the particles at higher RH and(or) the collision process of larger particles with small particles containing black carbon
Influence of vibration due to embankment-rail foundation settlement
No full text土層沉陷依地質環境與負載的條件而定。軌道下方土層因沖刷、鬆動、或受力不均勻，可能隨時間增加而造成軌道下方土層沉陷。軌道基部土層沉陷，可能造成路床的下陷，影響軌道版及鋼軌變形，為不可忽略的問題。路堤軌道系統基礎土層沉陷對於高速列車之營運影響很大，如增加軌道結構與列車之振動，影響乘客舒適性，甚至是造成行車安全上的疑慮。 本文重點進行鋼軌應變量測，軌道版與軌床振動量測與分析，以了解路堤段土層沉陷帶來軌道系統的影響。首先建立路堤軌道系統有限元素模型，分析其基本自然頻率與模態振形，探討車輪衝擊力與鋼軌應變(應力)之關係，再以LS-DYNA軟體進行高速列車行經路堤段，衝擊軌道引致軌道結構振動之暫態分析，比較土層無沉陷的軌道狀況與不同沉陷狀況軌道振動分析結果與輪軌衝擊力分析結果，並將動態分析結果與實際軌道系統量測結果進行比較，歸納土層下陷對軌道結構動態特性之影響。分析結果顯示地層沉陷導致軌床變形引致軌道版與軌床出現縫隙時將大幅增加鋼軌剪應變及軌道版振動量。Subsidence is caused by geology and surface load conditions. The soil property under rail foundation should be investigated in the early design stage of track system usually, the geology condition of its environment still has uncertainty. The settlement of soil foundation under track may lead to roadbed settlement、deformation of slabs and rail. It’s a nonnegligible problem. The settlement of rail foundation increases vibration of track structure, influences the riding comfort, and may also causes safety problems. This paper focuses on the influences of rail dynamic characteristics due to settlement of embankment-rail foundation by strain measurement and vibration measurement. First, establishment of the embankment-rail finite element model；then, natural frequencies and mode shapes were calculated, and the relation between rail stress and the impact on rail were investigated. Finally, the finite element transient analysis for the dynamic response of track structure induced by high speed train were analyzed by LS-DYNA in order to compare the difference between different settlement conditions of soil foundation. The analyzed results were compared with the measurement results
Thrombin-induced connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) expression in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts through TGF-β1 activation
No full textAllocation of Cost Savings in an O2O Information-sharing Supply Chain
No full text隨著互聯網時代的到來，透過網路串起的共享經濟日漸崛起，資源共享成了供應鏈裡減少成本相當重要的議題，尤其是透過資訊共享，從大數據分析以及顧客關係等方式中去掌握需求，得以從下游精準地行銷到上游正確預測銷量進而在備貨上減少倉儲或者缺貨成本。過去在供應鏈管理上，也有許多廠商亟思如何透過結盟、消費資訊的共享來減少成本，然而卻尚未有文獻結合今日創新商業模式-線上線下O2O(Online-to-offline)模式的優勢去解決成本分擔的問題，因此本研究將利用虛擬平台準確掌握消費者資訊的特點，透過資訊共享使整個供應鏈合作，以達到使上中下游大大縮減成本且共同分擔成本的效果。本研究提出合作賽局(Cooperative game)模型並利用夏普利值(Shapley value)結合班佐夫指數(Banzahf index)進行成本分擔之分析。此模型中包含O2O商業模式中，串聯線上使用者以及線下實體商店的虛擬資訊平台，以及供應鏈中的製造商、物流商、和零售商。為達到整個供應鏈體系中，四位參賽者共享需求資訊進而減少最大成本的目的，本研究首先找出結合實務、可行的合作架構。進而在合作賽局模型中，進行資訊共享後之期望成本分析，並且透過特徵函數去衡量不同合作架構下節省成本之效果。模型中，本研究期望能找到節省最大成本且穩定的合作架構，以增進參賽者進入合作模式的動機，因此再利用夏普利值結合班佐夫加權指數去進行不同參賽者間的成本分擔後，結合合作賽局中重要的核心概念一一檢驗合作架構的穩定性。最後，本研究提出數值案例分析，以了解需求資訊的準確度及有效性，針對不同合作架構下節省成本、參賽者成本分擔的影響。本研究提供了一個資訊共享的決策系統給零售供應鏈，四位參賽者能透過此決策系統權衡結盟後的成本節省效果、以及所分擔到的成本，再進行是否參與合作的決策。此決策系統能協助供應鏈上下游透過分享需求資訊，省下因為需求預測落差所造成的缺貨和存貨成本，有效提升整個供應鏈的效率，進而最終提升獲利。This paper investigates how information sharing in O2O (online-to-offline) business model, in which the platform is a website or mobile application that acts as a liaison between physical stores and Internet users, influences allocation of cost savings of a four-player supply chain with an upstream supplier, a downstream retailer, logistics service provider and platform. We aim to maximize cost saving through information sharing in different coalitions of O2O business models, which take advantage of information sharing among demand and product-inventory data collected by the platform for increasing in-store sales. We analyze the effect of cost savings in various feasible coalitions followed by the computation of the expected cost incurred in various coalitions. This paper adopts the Shapley value and Banzahf index to allocate cost savings to associated stakeholders in the chain. We present numerical analysis to examine the impacts of information sharing on cost savings in different allocation scheme
A Case Study of Business Strategy on Proton Radiotherapy Apparatus System
No full text儘管現代醫學治療已經取得良好的進展，癌症治療仍然是現今最重要的研究議題之一。與傳統放射治療法比較，質子放射治療法針對惡性腫瘤提供一個相對高有效性與符合經濟效益的治療方法。 本研究目的是(1)檢視全球高階醫療系統之產業發展脈絡和商業模式；(2)了解全球質子放射治療設備製造商經營規劃與未來策略布局；(3)探索臺灣個案公司進入新興市場可預見之商業機會與困難障礙。 本研究以個案研究法對質子放射治療設備生產廠商進行研究，採用深度訪談法對臺灣企業高階主管以半結構性訪談方式進行調查，以利研究資料的蒐集。以醫療法規、產業政策和專利技術三項構面進行觀察，並對個案公司提出剴切建議以及未來可能之發展方向。 研究分析得知，質子放射治療法為目前全世界最先進之腫瘤放射治療技術，可以快速消滅惡性腫瘤細胞並降低人體正常組織因治療所受到的傷害。質子放射治療設備是一種高階醫療系統，其組成包含：(a)能量選擇系統；(b)醫用加速器系統；(c)射束傳導系統；(d)射束形成系統；(e)旋轉機座系統；(f)病患定位系統和(g)機器手臂治療床。 研究結果發現，個案公司發展質子放射治療設備具有下列優勢：(1)製造模組化整合能力；(2)醫療排程和資訊管理；(3)先進臨床治療系統；(4)高性價比客製化產品與(5)平價癌症醫療服務。 研究結論歸納，個案公司的經營策略是自有品牌推廣、核心技術競爭力強化與質子放射治療醫學教學中心設置，並將整套高階醫療系統憑藉「建置-營運-轉移」模式直接輸入至中國大陸、東南亞、拉丁美洲以及非洲等新興市場。其關鍵決定因素是(a)啟動計畫資金籌措；(b)大型場地空間取得；(c)醫療等級營建技術以及(d)與區域醫療院所策略聯盟。Despite the progress that has been achieved using modern methods of therapy, cancer currently remains one of the greatest problems within medicine. Proton radiotherapy is one of the most economical methods of treatment for malignant diseases with a relatively high rate of effectiveness. This study aims to examine (1) a worldwide industrial development general view on advanced medical systems; (2) the evolution of global proton beam therapy; (3) how Taiwanese enterprise will be at forefront of delivering the last innovative cancer therapy to emerging markets. Case study methodology was conducted for this interview survey with CEO of biomedical technology incorporation in Taiwan. Medical regulations, industrial policies, and technology patents were observed as three principals in this investigation. Proton beam therapy is an rising form of radiation therapy that can maximize radiation doses to the target tumor, while sparing adjacent healthy tissues. Proton beam radiotherapy apparatus is one of robust radiation oncology technologies which comprising (a) energy selection system; (b) medical accelerator system; (c) beam delivery system; (d) beam output system; (e) gantry system; (f) patient positioning system and (g) robotic couch. Results reveal that the strengths of biomedical technology incorporation are (1) integrated modularized manufacturing ability; (2) medical treatment scheduling and information management; (3) advanced clinical curing system; (4) cost-effective customized products and (5) affordable cancer therapy services. The findings were summarized as the following statements; the business strategy encompasses three dimensions: branding promotion, core technology competence strengthening, and proton radiotherapy medical education hub network establishment. The entire advanced medical system can be conveyed to emerging markets based on“build-operate-transfer”model; the major determinants are (a) initial fundraising management; (b) larger size facility acquired; (c) medical criterion constructing techniques; and (d) strategic alliance with regional hospitals
Genetic Algorithm for Game Scheduling Problem of NBA
No full text美國職業籃球聯賽賽事排程問題是一特定的運動排程問題。求解目的是在 聯賽的賽制規範下，考量賽事的基本資料和限制條件安排出一合理的賽程。求 解目標是在滿足主要限制條件的情形下，減少球隊移動總距離，且減少次要限 制條件違反量。本研究將官方歷年的賽程資訊製作成標竿問題，並研擬遺傳演 算求解法進行求解並與官方賽程比較優劣。求解法的基因編碼採用賽事排序的 編碼格式。因應編碼方式，研擬專用的初始解產生法，盡量避免同球隊的賽事 排在相鄰位置。此法能降低解碼後的賽程賽日長度，避免產生過多不可行的解。 此外，為了有效地改善總球隊移動距離，求解法將賽事間的移動距離當作賽事 成本考量，並設計一啟發式突變機制去改善單場賽事成本最高的球隊的賽程。 完整定義本賽程問題的數學模式外，同時依據研擬的遺傳演算求解法開發一套 求解本問題的軟體系統。實例測試時使用2012-2013、2013-2014、和2014-2015 三個標竿問題進行求解並與官方的賽程統計數據比較優劣。結果顯示本遺傳演 算求解法能有效地改善各問題的球隊移動總距離，且兩項賽程指標：球隊連續 二日出賽次數加總和球隊五日內出賽四場次數加總的統計量也都能減少。NBA Scheduling Problem is a particular game scheduling problem. The purpose of the problem is to generate a reasonable schedule by following basic information and restrictions from the league. The goal is to reduce Traveling Length Total by satisfying all hard constraints, and also decrease the statistic of soft constraints. This work construct NBA benchmarks from recent official information, then use genetic algorithm to solve it, finally, compare the results to official schedule. Encoding scheme uses game sequencing as format. Due to this format, this work develop a method to generate initial populations to avoid arranging same game on near position. The method reduce the number of infeasible solutions which have excessive season length after decoding scheme. Besides, to reduce traveling distance, the algorithm use distance between two games as game cost, and design a heuristic mutation method to improve the team schedule which has highest game cost. After define mathematical functions of the problem, we develop a genetic algorithm-based software to test three benchmarks: 2012-2013, 2013-2014, and 2014-2015. Moreover, this work compare the results with official schedule. The results show that this algorithm can not only reduce traveling distance effectively, but also decrease the statistic of two soft constraints: Back-to-back Games Count Total and Four-games-in-five Count Total