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    Romancing Settlement in the Anglo-Globe: Material Culture in Clara Morison and Middlemarch

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    在英國的移居世界中,小說能夠跨越廣袤殖民地的隔閡,參與全球性的移居網絡。本研究將小說放在英國移居型殖民的全球框架下閱讀,以《克拉摩里森》與《米德爾馬契》為例來探討兩位女性小說家的作品中異鄉移居現象的迴響。由此,本文希望將維多利亞時期的寫實主義研究擴展到全球脈絡,特別是針對兩位女性作家如何將家庭生活的範疇擴展到社群的規模。兩本小說以不同形式展現了移居想像的核心,也就是大致共享的對移居物質文化的幻想——在其中,對原始地的想像、農舍神話、以及對物質的反動等三者基本元素共同譜寫出人們對於階級消弭的社群的展望。我先以《克拉摩里森》來顯現凱薩琳‧海倫‧史賓賽如何寄望於新建立的移民社群。在《米德爾馬契》的閱讀中,我則提出移居想像以理解《米德爾馬契》中的鄉村理想生活如何與移居型殖民相互呼應。追溯至一八二零及三零年代,《米德爾馬契》具體捕捉到當時對移居型殖民的想像。藉由想像移居作為建立鄉村社群的可能性(無論其是否真的存在於英倫群島),《米德爾馬 契》延續其讀者對於改善社會問題的渴望。In the British settlement world, fiction participated in the settlement networks across vast colonial divides. This study explores resonances of the settlement imaginary in two female writers’ novels, Clara Morison and Middlemarch, by situating them in a globalized context of British settlement colonization.2 In so doing, this paper seeks to contribute to the study of Victorian realism in a globalized context, focusing on how the two female writers enlarged the scope of domesticity into the size of a community. Lying at the core of the settlement imaginary, embodied differently in both novels, is a loosely shared mythologized material culture of settlement, in which the fantasy of the primal land, the mythology of cottages, and a guarded reaction to material abundance orchestrate a vision of a classless community. The reading of Clara Morison aims to show the evidence of the writer Catherine Helen Spence’s unwavering belief in the promise of a newly established settlement community. The reading of Middlemarch shows how the settlement imaginary helps the reader understand how the provincial ideal in Middlemarch resonates with settlement colonization. As the plot of the novel is set in the 1820s and 30s, it captures the tantalizing fantasy of settlement colonization of that time; by imagining emigration as the possibility of creating provincial communities that may or may not exist in the British Isles, it sustains the reader’s longing for a remedy of social problems

    Reconsidering White “Terror” in Taiwan during the Martial Law Period: A Case Study on the Persecution of Yantai Associated High School Students in Penghu

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    本研究以文化及時局因素解釋白色恐怖時期政府全面、極端恐怖統治論述與得票率不相符的矛盾。在過去,部份學者對該時期政府及官員描述是儘可能的暴虐與邪惡,人民則心懷怨恨隨時準備反抗;另有部份學者則認為國民黨在當時獲得多數人民支持。本文以白色恐怖時期山東流亡學生案的口述及訪談資料為例,說明政府雖在時局影響下對學生徵兵並製造冤案,但仍保有文化影響及應對時局考慮,於事後對受迫學生採行各種彈性措施;其次,從受難者對政府反應亦相當多元來看,文化與時局影響也能解釋雙方共體時艱行為。本文研究發現,過去威權時期政府與人民立場僵固論述有檢討空間。This article explains the contradiction between the description of the brutal rule under the KMT administration and the result of KMT’s vote share during the authoritarian period. In the past, several scholars have claimed that the KMT government and officials were extremely brutal, and hence people in Taiwan resented their new rulers. On the other hand, other scholars believe this government was popular because the majority of Taiwanese people voted for them. This article uses the case of the persecution of the Yantai Associated High School students in Penghu to point out that the KMT government took resilient policies to soothe the rage of survivors after it created this injustice. At the same time, the survivors did not resent the government as some historians have previously claimed. There were different reactions from the survivors and some survivors believed that the tragedy was a result of a few selfish officials, rather than the government. Therefore, the claim that the KMT government’s rule was brutal is something which should be re-examined

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