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What is “Anthropological” about Anthropological Fieldwork?： Reflections on its Epistemology and Ethics
No full text在田野工作已經成為一種時髦的用語，眾多學科都採用田野工作作為他們的研究方法時，「甚麼是人類學的田野工作？」成為人類學這個學門迫切需要反思的議題。這篇文章將從究竟「人類學的田野工作」有哪些性質，使得它與其他種類型的田野調查有一些重要差異入手，勾畫出我認為人類學的知識生產過程，最關鍵的一些知識上與倫理立場上的特性，包括：開放性與關係性的自我，主體位置的不確定性，高度的反身性與批判性，情緒與倫理的工作。這些性質塑造與影響人類學知識的性格與人類學家獨特的傾向，也帶給人類學特殊的學術倫理，有別於一般實證研究上形式性的倫理要求。本文反對用形式性的標準，像時間長短或語言能力來定義人類學的田野工作。也批評後現代主義那種文本取向的民族誌書寫，無法解決他們所要挑戰的研究過程中不平等關係，反而忽略了田野中的實作，才是民族誌繼續存在的關鍵所在。最後，本文嘗試回應，在當代全球化的情境中，人類學式的田野工作面臨的新挑戰。As “fieldwork” becomes more popular than ever among researches in other social sciences , anthropology suddenly finds itself increasingly losing control over one of its most cherished trademarks. With the dissipating of so called “primitive cultures”, the traditional intensive study of a single site in the field has become a questionable methodology to cope with a fast moving world. Anthropology needs to go back to its methodological foundation to reflect on its nature and its ethical commitment to conduct “Anthropological fieldwork”. This essay argues that there are at least four basic experiential dynamics at work in the fieldwork situation that continue to shape our discipline’s epistemological and ethical orientations. They are: the ethics of an open and relational self, uncertainty in locating subjectivities, a highly critical and reflective sense of politics, and the labor of emotion and ethics. Thus, we reject efforts to differentiate anthropological fieldwork from other empirical studies with various formalistic criteria, such as long duration or fluency in native languages, and also argue against those post-modernist attempts to obfuscate the unequal conditions intrinsic to any ethnographic writing by deploying various textual innovations. We insist that fieldwork should continue to be the central endeavor in learning and pursuing knowledge of the unfamiliar. In conclusion, we outline some of the most pressing challenges to anthropological fieldwork in the contemporary world and our possible responses
Zhao Yi's Understanding of the Guwen Shangshu — A Case Study on the Han-Song Learning Debate
No full text本文以漢宋學問題為核心，對趙翼的古文《尚書》觀點作考察，發現趙翼身處乾嘉時期，又是今人公認為客觀求史實的考據史學家，但他不僅以古文《尚書》為真，並以其擅長的考史方法，對偽古文說加以批駁；雖然深入考據學圈，並擅長考史，但並沒有漢／宋學立場；雖然反對理學，尤其批駁理在氣先的觀念，但並不支持偽古文說；雖然不是經學家，但仍關注經學問題，且對經學懷有珍視之溫情，以此反思今人將漢學、考據、偽古文、客觀／宋學、義理、反偽古文、主觀二分的論述。而趙翼以一不具主觀預設立場的史學家，用偏重史實考證的方式，對古文《尚書》所作的考證，對吾人思考古文《尚書》問題、清代《尚書》學史及學術史，都具一定的參考價值。This article examines Zhao Yi’s (趙翼) understanding of the Shangshu (尚書) from the perspective of Han-Song Learning. Zhao Yi is generally accepted as an Evidential Learning (kaoju,考據) historian of during the Qianjia (乾嘉) period of the Qing dynasty. He, however, did not consider the Guwen Shangshu (古文尚書) to be a forgery. His research was firmly entrenched in the kaoju circle, having extensive experience with historical evidential scholarship without the standpoint of Han-Song learning. He thus disagreed with lixue (理學), especially the concept that li (理) exists before qi (氣); but unlike most scholars of that line he did not support the theory of a forged Guwen Shangshu. He still focused on the problem of Classical syudying although his research is not generally accepted as canonical. Examining Zhao Yi’s position of Guwen Shangshu helps to reconsider the common view that combines the studies of Han learning, kaoju, and wei guwen (偽古文) together as being objective, in contrast to Song learning, yi li(義理), and in opposition to weiguwen, both of which are seen as subjective. In this way, Zhou Yi’s evidential scholarship on the Guwen Shangshu with his examination of historical reality as a historian can help us to better understand the important issues of Guwen Shangshu, the history of the Shangshu study in the Qing dynasty, and Chinese intellectual history
Research Findings and Prospect of Workplace Deviant Behavior: A Review of 2000-2015 Studies with Asian Samples
No full text在組織行為的研究議題中，職場偏差行為的探討在近二十年來迅速蓬勃發展。瞭解職場偏差行為對於組織與組織成員的影響不僅深具學術意涵，更有實務管理上的迫切性。本文針對2000-2015 年以亞洲地區受試者為研究對象探討職場偏差行為的實證研究進行回顧，以臺灣社會科學引文索引 (Taiwan Social Science Citation Index; TSSCI) 中2015 年所收錄的所有管理類與心理類期刊以及15 本具高影響力的西方期刊，總共回顧研究共計81 篇。我們參考Robinson and Bennett (1995) 的分類架構進行系統性分析，藉以瞭解近年亞洲地區就職場偏差行為的研究發現。我們根據回顧的結果指出，職場偏差行為在亞洲地區的研究具有獨特之文化意涵，本研究提出未來研究方向與展望，以提供職場偏差行為研究之參考。Over the past two decades, researches on workplace deviant behaviors have become increasingly prevalent in the area of organizational behavior. There are both theoretical implications and practical urgency for understanding the impact of workplace deviant behaviors on organizations and their members. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a review of the empirical works on workplace deviant behavior with samples from Asian regions in the past fifteen years. We examined journals in the 2015 list of management and psychology in Taiwan Social Science Citation Index (TSSCI) and 15 highly influential international journals. We drew on Robinson and Bennett (1995) framework and conducted a systematic analysis on the studies of workplace deviant behaviors in Asia. We aim to understand the current status of researches on workplace deviant behaviors. Based on our review, we suggested that there are unique cultural implications for studies on workplace deviant behaviors in Asian regions. We propose directions for future studies and expect prominent outcomes. We hope our efforts can be of value for future research on workplace deviant behaviors
Healthcare Service Design Planning Model for Service Innovation and Design: The Case of Tele-Health
No full text本研究以健康照護服務設計為主題，參考Goldstein, Johnston, Duffy, and Rao (2002) 的模式，提出健康照護服務設計規劃模式。此模式始於服務策略規劃，終至成效衡量與回饋校準，探討創新服務的設計概念建構與實務推動。此模式有幾項主要特點。一、由服務概念貫穿整體服務設計規劃的架構，同時考量服務行銷與服務營運，探討健康照護服務的內容與過程。二、突顯健康照護服務之高度接觸服務特性，強調病人感受與需求。三、統整數個領域的研究成果與實務，考量醫病關係的改變與未來發展趨勢。四、重視系統整合串接，以服務接觸三角來構思整體服務模式。五、從營運層面先行把關，降低跡近錯失的可能性。本研究並以個案分析的方式，探討健康照護服務設計規劃模式的實際成功應用。This study focuses on the theme of healthcare service design. Based on the framework proposed by Goldstein, Johnston, Duffy, and Rao (2002), this study develops a comprehensive healthcare service design planning model. This model integrates various viewpoints to investigate the conceptual construction of service design and the corresponding implications on practical implementation. The full process from service strategy development to outcome measurement and feedback is discussed. The main features of this proposed model are as follows. First, it investigates the “what” and “how” of the healthcare service model via service concept. Second, the high-contact nature of healthcare service is emphasized, taking account of patients’ demands and perceptions. Third, the evolving doctor patient relationship and its potential future development are considered. Fourth, the integration among service systems and the patient privacy issues are explicitly explored. Last, healthcare service allows minimum room for service failure. Preventions and improvements should be carefully designed to avoid life-threatening incidents. This proposed model has been successfully applied to an initiative in a Tele-Health Center of the case hospital to design its high-value-low-cost service and business model. Such an encouraging practice sheds light on the healthcare service innovation and design
Review and Prospects of Taiwan Derivatives Research: Pricing, Hedging, and Arbitrage
No full text本文針對國內衍生性金融商品定價與避險的研究文獻進行回顧與展望，回顧的文獻範圍是西元2000 年以後發表在TSSCI 的學術期刊。在定價文獻方面，就標的資產而言，國內文獻曾探討股票、外匯、商品、利率、氣候、不動產及信用衍生性金融商品的定價。就衍生性金融商品的種類而言，除了簡單的期貨與選擇權外，國內文獻也曾探討過交換合約、混合商品（如可轉換公司債）及奇異式選擇權（如亞式選擇權）等複雜商品的定價。在定價模型方面，曾被採用的模型包含：Black-Scholes 模型、跳躍擴散模型、隨機波動度模型、GARCH 模型及Levy 模型等。在定價方法上，除了推導封閉式解或解析近似解外，國內文獻還提出樹狀圖法、蒙地卡羅模擬法、快速傅立葉轉換及動態規劃法等方法來計算選擇權的價格。在避險與套利研究方面，所避險的風險因子包含個股、股價指數、商品、外匯及利率風險等，不同的衍生性金融商品之避險策略大相逕庭，但大部分避險策略的研究都集中在GARCH 相關計量模型的延伸與翻新。在套利策略的執行方面，國內的文獻涵蓋了市場間與跨市場之套利效率相關研究，以及當出現錯誤定價時，不同市場間市價調整至理論價格的速度及資訊傳遞的效率性等相關研究。This paper reviews the existing literature for pricing and hedging derivatives in Taiwan. We focus on articles published in TSSCI journals after the year 2000. The underlying assets studied in Taiwan include equity, foreign currency, commodities, interest rate, real estate, weather, etc. The financial derivatives priced in Taiwan include futures, forward contract, standard options, swaps, hybrid products (such as convertible bonds), exotic options (e.g., Asian options), etc. The pricing models adopted include Black-Scholes model, jump diffusion model, stochastic volatility model, GARCH model, Levy model, etc. The prcing methods used contain lattice method, Monte Carlo simulation method, the fast Fourier method, dynamic programming, etc. Concerning the hedging and arbitrage studies in Taiwan, many risk factors are considered, e.g., equity, foreign currency, commodities, interest rate, etc. The hedging strategies studied mainly focus on proposing new or improved econometric models/methods. Finally, the arbitrage research covers the Intra- and Intermarket arbitrage strategies, information transmission efficiency, etc
To Say or Not to Say: The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety and Self-Efficacy on the Influence of Social Capital on Users’ Knowledge Sharing Behavior in Social Network Sites
No full text隨著以電腦為媒介環境與網路的普及，社群網站紛紛出現。社群網站不僅改變人們溝通與知識分享的方式，也創造出社群經濟 (Socialnomics) 與社群商務 (Social Commerce)，因而吸引研究者及行銷人員的興趣。過去社群網站研究聚焦於使用者行為，且大多採用探索性的研究途徑。本文提出一個整體架構，視社會資本的三個面向（結構、認知與關係）為社群網站使用者知識分享行為的影響因素，並以使用者心理安全與知識分享自我效能作為中介變數。本文使用439 位Facebook 使用者的問卷調查結果，以結構方程式模型驗證理論架構。結果顯示：認知社會資本對使用者在Facebook 上的知識分享行為有著最高的正向影響，而且知識分享自我效能則擁有最高的中介效果。這項研究結果提供了豐富的學術洞見與行銷意涵。The prevalence of the computer-mediated environment and the Internet have led to the emergence of social network sites. Social network sites have not only changed the way people communicate and share knowledge with one another, but have also created socialnomics and social commerce. Previous studies on social networks have focused on user behavior and mostly adopted an exploratory approach. In contrast, this article develops a holistic model that incorporates three facets of social capital (structural, cognitive, and relational) as determinants of users’ knowledge sharing behavior and examines the mediating roles of users’ psychological safety and knowledge sharing self-efficacy. The proposed structural equation model is empirically tested with survey data from 439 Facebook users in Taiwan. The results show that cognitive social capital exerts the strongest positive impact on Facebook users’ knowledge sharing behavior and that knowledge sharing self-efficacy indeed plays a mediating role. The findings provide important insights for both theory and practice
The Impact of Reporting Goodwill and Impairments on the Market’s Anticipation of Future Earnings
No full text本研究探討企業報導商譽及減損對資本市場預測併購者未來損益之影響。本研究使用未來盈餘反應係數(FERC) 衡量資本市場預測未來損益之能力。依據Collins, Kothari, Shanken, and Sloan (1994)，盈餘反應係數是當期股票報酬率與次期盈餘之間的迴歸係數。以公允價值報導商譽，將使併購者以公允價值分攤併購價格至取得之可辨認資產，並將併購效益之經濟租揭露為商譽。定期減損測試則代表併購者持續更新取得併購資產之公允價值，使可辨認資產折舊費用與公允價值相連結，可讓市場參與者自財務報表中獲得較攸關之損益資訊。我們的研究結果提出與上述論述一致的可靠證據，支持使用公允價值衡量商譽及減損之會計處理，能提供有用的財務資訊。We investigate the effect of reporting goodwill and impairments on the stock market’s ability to predict acquirers’ future earnings, as captured by the Future Earnings Response Coefficient (FERC). Based on Collins, Kothari, Shanken, and Sloan (1994), the FERC is the association between current-year stock returns and next-year corporate earnings. Reporting goodwill reveals economic rents expected by the acquirers when they allocate purchase prices among purchased assets. This allocation assigns fair value to the book of identifiable assets acquired in business combinations. Periodical impairment tests update the fair value information. The information enables market participants to match post-merge revenue with depreciation expenses of the identifiable assets. Our results show robust evidence consistent with this argument, supporting the usefulness of fair value accounting for goodwill and impairments
When We Get Together: Person-Team Fit, Affective Commitment and Knowledge Sharing Behavior
No full text根據社會認定理論，個人與團隊的高度契合可提高個人對團隊與其他成員的情感穩定度與情感鏈結，並且展現高度的利群體精神。因此，本研究在探討個人與團隊契合、情感性承諾與知識分享行為的關係。為檢驗研究假設，本研究收集68 組團隊中的有效成員樣本共404 份進行分析，其分別來自研發、銷售、資安等多元團隊，有效回收率為94%。結果發現，個人與團隊契合能預測情感性承諾與知識分享行為，情感性承諾也在契合與知識分享間扮演重要的中介角色。除此之外，本研究從參考認知理論提出知覺公平的干擾作用。結果發現，程序公平於情感性承諾與知識分享間存在干擾效果。According to social identity theory, high person-team fit (P-T fit) promotes highly emotional team stability which increases the capability of team members to engage with one another and to display a higher intention to help the group. This study explores these posited relations among P-T fit, affective commitment and knowledge sharing. To test hypotheses, data collected from 404 team members (68 teams including R&D team, sales team, MIS team, etc.) were analyzed. The response rate of our survey was 94%. We found that P-T fit positively predicted affective commitment and knowledge sharing behavior. Furthermore, affective commitment is an important mediator linking P-T fit and knowledge sharing behavior. Based on the referent cognition theory, we proposed perceived team justice as a moderator, and the results of moderated mediation analysis confirmed that perceived procedural justice moderated the relationship between affective commitment and knowledge sharing behavior
Knowledge Exploration and Exploitation in the University-Industry Collaboration
No full text本研究的目的是探討知識探索／利用、產學合作計畫性質對產學合作績效之間的關係。本研究蒐集了自2007年至2009年間1,703筆產學合作計畫為樣本，採用階層迴歸分析來驗證所提出之研究假設。研究結果顯示知識探索與產學合作績效有正向關係，而知識利用與利用型之產學合作計畫的交互作用對於產學合作績效具有正向影響。除了主作用與交互作用外，本研究也更進一步發現學術研究人員執行產學合作計畫時，並非要兼顧知識探索／利用二項能力才能提升績效。本文最後提出結論與建議，可做為企業界與後續研究者參考。The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of knowledge exploration/exploitation and the types of university-industry research collaborative (UIRC) projects on the performance of UIRC projects. In this study, hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses in a sample of 1,703 Taiwanese UIRC projects during the period from 2007 to 2009. The findings suggest that knowledge exploration is positively related to the performance of UIRC projects, while knowledge exploitation has positive interaction effect with exploitative UIRC projects on the performance. Furthermore, we also find that over and above their independent and interaction effects, academic researchers in UIRC projects may enhance the performance by a focus on managing imbalance between knowledge exploration and exploitation. Managerial implications and further research suggestions are discussed
Group Differences in Work Stress and Strains: A Large Sample Analysis Based on the Theoretical Model of OSI
No full text陸洛於1997 年提出統合性的工作壓力模式並發展了職業壓力指標( 簡稱OSI-2 ) 量表，此OSI-2 量表廣為眾多研究者使用，施測對象相當多元。本研究以使用OSI-2 量表的9754 筆資料進行大樣本分析，主要研究結果為：其一，以大樣本檢定統合性工作壓力模式中，工作壓力對其後果( 工作滿意度、身心健康、離職意願) 的影響，以及因應策略與掌控感受的調節效果，結果相當符合理論假設，顯見此工作壓力模式有其穩定性。其二，在組群差異方面，綜攬各種不同來源的樣本，發現高工作壓力及壓力後果的危險組群為女性、未婚、年輕、資淺、大專學歷、非管理職的員工，不同職業別之工作壓力與壓力後果亦有差異。本文進一步提出組群間可能的交互作用影響，並提供對實務界工作的建議。Lu (1997) proposed a “Comprehensive Theoretical Framework of Work Stress” and developed a measurement tool named “Occupational Stress Indicator” (OSI-2). Subsequent research using the OSI has accumulated more than 9000 individual data across a wide range of occupations. The present analysis included 9754 individual data and found two major results: (1) work stress had negative impact on strains (job satisfaction, mental health, physical health, turnover intention), whereas work control and coping efforts moderated the relationships between stress and strains, as predicted by the “Comprehensive Theoretical Framework of Work Stress”. (2) female, single, non-managerial, young, junior, and collegeeducated employees were high risk groups for work stress and strains. Employees of different occupations had different experiences of work stress and strains. We further pointed out possible interactions between various demographic/background variables, to better inform organizational stress intervention practices