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Uudsete CLDN6-vastaste CAR-T rakuteraapiate väljaarendamine
No full textChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have demonstrated remarkable success in B-cell malignancies but have yet to show comparable outcomes in solid tumors. A major obstacle
is the scarcity of tumor-specific antigens that enable precise and effective targeting. Claudin 6 (CLDN6), an oncofetal tight junction protein, serves as a promising target due to its aberrant
upregulation in several solid tumors and absence in healthy adult tissues. In this study, we identified two CLDN6-specific antibodies and leveraged them to generate two second-generation CAR-T cells. Both constructs selectively eliminated CLDN6-positive tumor cells in vitro, while exhibiting distinct profiles in terms of efficacy and specificity. These findings
present a promising avenue for developing next-generation immunotherapies for CLDN6-expressing solid tumors and provide a foundation for further development of CAR-T therapy
in the treatment of solid tumors
quantitatively modelling how knowledge shapes the reliance on trust and confidence in the case of internet voting usage in Estonia
Get PDFInternet voting is widely adopted in Estonia, yet psychological factors influencing its acceptance remain underexplored. The increasing complexity of digital voting systems raises concerns about whether voters rely on institutional trust or personal confidence driven by knowledge. This study applies Simmel’s concept of trust, bridging ignorance and certainty, and Giddens’ differentiation between trust and confidence. These frameworks help understand how different knowledge levels influence the mechanisms voters use to decide whether to use Internet voting or not.
Using post-election survey data from the 2021 local and 2023 parliamentary elections in Estonia (N = 1,153, N = 1,001), this study examines how technical knowledge moderates the relationship between trust in institutions and confidence in one’s own knowledge when it relates to Internet voting. The key independent variables include technical knowledge, confidence in the system, and trust in political institutions; the dependent variable is binary Internet voting usage. Logistic regressions are employed to assess the effects of the variables, including the set of standard socio-economic controls.
Results show that confidence is the decisive factor for individuals with high levels of technical knowledge, significantly increasing their likelihood of voting online. Trust in government does not exert a consistent effect overall, with significance emerging only among respondents with high knowledge. By contrast, both trust in system performance and trust in Internet voting show robust positive main effects across the electorate, without evidence that their influence differs by knowledge level. These findings enrich the literature by influencing how knowledge conditions the role of confidence, while trust complements adoption more broadly
Jaan Ross. Mentem mortalia tangunt. Artikleid, mälestusi, kirju ja intervjuusid. Tallinn: Emakeele Sihtasutus, 2024
Get PDFEesti Vabariik, KultuuriministeeriumRepublic of Estonia, Ministry of Cultur
Programmeerimisprotsessi andmete kasutamine sissejuhatavatel programmeerimiskursustel: lahendajatüüpide leidmine, tagasiside andmine ja plagiaadi tuvastamine
Get PDFDoktoritöö elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneAja jooksul on programmeerimisest kujunenud oluline oskus, mida õpivad erineva tausta ja eelneva programmeerimiskogemusega üliõpilased paljudelt erialadelt. Samas on jätkuvalt probleemiks suur väljalangevus. Seetõttu on oluline välja selgitada, kuidas üliõpilaste lähenemised erinevad programmeerimise õppimisel, ning leida tõhusaid viise nende toetamiseks, eriti kursuse alguses. Selle doktoritöö eesmärk oli välja selgitada, kuidas saab programmeerimisprotsessi andmeid kasutada üliõpilaste lahendajatüüpide leidmiseks, nende toetamiseks sissejuhatavatel programmeerimiskursustel ja plagiaadijuhtumite tuvastamiseks.
Uurimistöö näitas, et üliõpilasi saab jaotada lahendajatüüpidesse programmeerimise käitumismustrite põhjal ning mustrid on sarnased nii algajate kui ka mittealgajate seas. Oluline tulemus on hilise programmi käivitamisega alustamise seos madalamate kontrolltöö tulemustega. Samas said mõned lahendajatüübid sarnaseid tulemusi hoolimata erinevatest käitumismustritest, mis viitab mitmekesisusele. Oluline on märkida, et erinevalt esimesest kontrolltööst ilmnesid gruppide vahel suuremad erinevused teise kontrolltöö tulemustes ning kuulumine lahendajatüüpidesse ei ole kursuse kestel püsiv. Lisaks selgus, et programmeerimisprotsessi logide põhjal antud tagasiside lühendas märgatavalt algajate ülesannete lahendamise aega ja parandas kontrolltöö testi tulemusi, mis kontrollib koodi lugemise oskust. Logide põhjal plagiaadi tuvastamiseks sobivad püsivuse tõttu üldised stiilitunnused. Programmeerimiskeele süntaksiga seotud valikud aga ei ole püsivad.
Doktoritöö tulemuste põhjal on oluline soovitus kasutada õpetamisel lähenemist, mis julgustab üliõpilasi oma programme sageli käivitama, nii et see oleks loomulik osa koodi kirjutamise protsessist. Algajate koodi lugemise oskuste parandamiseks on tõhus kasutada logidel põhinevat tagasisidet. See on eriti oluline tehisintellekti ajastul, mil tugevate koodi lugemise oskuste arendamine on üha vajalikum.Over time, programming has become a crucial skill learned by students from diverse backgrounds and disciplines with varying levels of prior experience, yet high dropout rates remain a significant challenge. Therefore, it is essential to explore how students differ in learning approaches while programming and identify effective ways to support them, particularly at the beginning of the course. This thesis aimed to explore how programming-process data can be utilized to profile and support students in introductory programming courses and to identify plagiarism instances.
This research showed that students can be grouped into solver types based on their behavior patterns in programming, with similar patterns appearing among both beginners and non-beginners. A notable discovery is that the late start of the first execution of the program is associated with lower performance. Another finding is that some groups achieved comparable results despite differences in behavior patterns, which emphasizes the diversity. It is essential to note that, compared to the first midterm exam, groups had more notable differences in the second midterm scores, and solver types are not persistent during an introductory programming course. Furthermore, the feedback derived from programming log data decreased the time required by beginners for solving programming tasks and improved their exam test results, which focused on code reading skills. The study showed that, unlike programming style features, general style features are stable and well-suited for plagiarism detection based on log data.
Based on the results of this thesis, an important recommendation is to promote a teaching approach that encourages students to run their programs frequently as an integral part of the coding process. In addition, it is effective to use log-based feedback to improve beginners' code-reading abilities. It is essential in the era of AI, when it is increasingly necessary to develop strong code-reading skills.https://www.ester.ee/record=b602371
Digitising the Past: Digital tools to support rock art research and dissemination
Get PDFAs digital applications in cultural heritage and rock art research continue to grow, resources from the Svenskt Hällristningsforskningsarkiv (SHFA) support such work by providing access to valuable data and tools. The SHFA archive includes data from the 17th century onwards and continually digitises the most recent documentation work. In collaboration with the Gothenburg Research Infrastructure for Digital Humanities we have created a platform to share this data with researchers and the public. The SHFA also provides tools and additional resources to visualise and enhance 3D data with Topography Visualisation Toolbox (TVT, https://tvt.dh.gu.se/). This empowers amateurs and professionals working with 3D recordings to improve their results. These visualisations can be used in deep learning workflows which drives the development of AI approaches in archaeology. In this paper, we provide an overview of SHFA’s resources, their use in and beyond rock art research, their role in data dissemination, and future developments
Sovranità illuminata: Un'Immagine di Dio semiotica postsecolare
Get PDFValgustusajastu sündis vastuolust, mis tulenes ühe selle juhtiva mõtleja, John Locke’i, töödest. Ühelt poolt väitis Locke jõuliselt, et vastuvõetav sotsiaalne teadmine peaks piirduma vaid nähtavaga – sellega, mida saab tajuda ja kogeda igapäevaelus. See on empirismi koolkond. Samas töötas Locke välja poliitfilosoofia, mis tugineb arusaamale, et üksikisiku suveräänsus ja inimõigused tulenevad millestki nähtamatust – ideest, et kõik inimesed on loodud „jumalanäolisena“ ehk „Jumala kujutisena“. See nähtava ja nähtamatu pinge läbib tema loomingut ning kajab edasi ka praegusel postsekulaarsel ajastul. Käesoleva monograafia eesmärk on aidata seda pinget leevendada. See täidab teaduskirjanduses esinevat lünka, püüdes mõista, millised – sümbolina tõlgendatud – „Jumala kujutise“ elemendid võivad jätkuvalt aidata põhjendada suveräänsust ja inimõigusi isegi olukorras, kus kirik ja riik on definitsiooni järgi lahutatud. Kuna uurimisküsimus keskendub sümbolile, nõuab see metodoloogiat, mis pärineb märkide ja sümbolite uurimise valdkonnast – semiootikast. Täpsemalt rakendab uurimus kehapõhist semiootikat, mis hõlmab teleodünaamikat ja ideaalset igavest ajalugu. Lõppkokkuvõttes näidatakse, et semioosi ja teadmise kujunemise dünaamiline ja hierarhiline protsess aitab valgustada aluseks olevat protsessi, mis suudab toestada suveräänsust ja inimõigusi postsekulaarsel ajastul. Aluseks oleva protsessi – teosemioosi – kirjeldamiseks kasutatakse mõisteid nagu õigluse silm, abivajav pilk, teisenev autentsus, rekursiivne „mina“, emergeeruv eeskujulisus, nullisus ning anaduktsioon.The Age of Enlightenment was born out of a contradiction stemming from the work of one of its leading figures; John Locke. On the one hand, Locke argued forcefully for the position that acceptable social knowledge should only be confined to what is visible; what can be sensed and experienced in day to day life. This is the school of empiricism. Yet, at the very same time John Locke devised a political philosophy around the notion that individual sovereignty and human rights proceeds from something invisible – the notion that all are created in the ‘Image of God’. This tension of the visible and invisible found through his work echoes into this postsecular age. The reason for this monograph is therefore to help ease this tension. The gap in the literature that this work seeks to fill is trying to understand what elements of the ‘Image of God’ – viewed symbolically – can still help to ground sovereignty and human rights even where church and state are by definition separated. This research question, which is focused on symbolism, therefore requires the use of a methodology stemming from the field studying signs and symbols; semiotics. More specifically an embodied semiotics that incorporates teleodynamics and ideal eternal history. Ultimately, it will be shown that there is in fact a dynamic and hierarchical process of semiosis and knowledge formation that can help illuminate the underlying process that can ground sovereignty and human rights in this postsecular age. Key terms to describe this underlying process of theosemiosis include: the eye of justice; altricial gaze; transformative authenticity; recursive ‘Self’; emergent exemplarity; zeroness; golden eternity clause; and, anaduction.L'Età dell'Illuminismo nacque da una contraddizione derivante dal lavoro di una delle sue figure di spicco, John Locke. Da un lato, Locke sostenne con forza che la conoscenza sociale accettabile dovesse essere confinata solo a ciò che è visibile; a ciò che può essere percepito e sperimentato nella vita quotidiana. Questa è la scuola dell'empirismo. Tuttavia, nello stesso momento, John Locke ideò una filosofia politica basata sull'idea che la sovranità individuale e i diritti umani derivano da qualcosa di invisibile: l'idea che tutti siano creati nell'‘Immagine di Dio’. Questa tensione tra il visibile e l'invisibile, riscontrata nel suo lavoro, risuona ancora oggi in quest'era post-secolare. Lo scopo di questo lavoro monografico è quindi quello di aiutare a ridurre questa tensione. Il vuoto nella letteratura che questo studio intende colmare cerca di comprendere quali elementi dell'‘Immagine di Dio’ - vista simbolicamente - possano ancora aiutare a radicare la sovranità e i diritti umani anche quando chiesa e stato sono per definizione separati. Questa domanda di ricerca, che si concentra sul simbolismo, richiede quindi l'uso di una metodologia derivante dal campo che studia segni e simboli: la semiotica. Più specificamente, una semiotica incarnata che incorpora la teleodinamica e la storia ideale ed eterna. In ultima analisi, sarà dimostrato che esiste, in effetti, un processo dinamico e gerarchico di semiosi e formazione della conoscenza che può aiutare a illuminare il processo sottostante che può radicare la sovranità e i diritti umani in quest'era post-secolare. I termini chiave per descrivere questo processo sottostante della teosemiosi includono: l'occhio della giustizia; lo sguardo altriciale; l'autenticità trasformativa; l'‘Io’ ricorsivo; l'esemplarità emergente; la zerozza; la clausola dell'eternità dorata; e, l’anaduzione.https://www.ester.ee/record=b597345
Achieving Intelligibility of Sung Text in Opera
Get PDFSummary available in English / Kokkuvõte inglise keelesThe sung text in opera is difficult for listeners to understand, even when sung in a language they know. Various explanations have been found for this, for example in the case of very high notes. However, opera texts remain incomprehensible in other cases as well. The goal of this research was to collect firsthand insights from singers regarding textual clarity, an aspect often overlooked in previous systematic studies. The study conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with professional opera singers from Europe and North America, conducted in Estonian (n = 11) and English (n = 19). As the problem concerns all voice types, all the singers who agreed to participate in the study and gave interviews were included in the work. Among the singers were three basses, three baritones, six tenors, one countertenor, six mezzo-sopranos, and eleven sopranos. This article focuses specifically on their reflections regarding
the role of other professionals in supporting textual clarity. Although no direct questions were asked about these roles, the topic emerged spontaneously in several interviews. The findings suggest that improving text intelligibility in opera requires collaborative effort among singers, teachers, directors, conductors, production organizers, and even audiences.Eesti Vabariik, KultuuriministeeriumRepublic of Estonia, Ministry of Cultur
Töökiusamise esinemissagedus ja selle avaldumine Eestis töötavate õdede seas: läbilõikeline uurimus
Get PDFCross-spatial possibilities : dance heritage transmission in Gyumri
Get PDFThis study explores the role that museums and heritage/cultural spaces within Gyumri, Armenia, play in the transmission of Armenian ethnographic dance intangible cultural heritage. By conducting qualitative research centring around Hrayrk Traditional Dance Group and the Gyumri Museum of National Architecture and Urban Life, the study examines how practitioner-led initiatives might expand informal educational efforts, harnessing museums and other cultural third spaces in innovative ways for the reembodiment of ethnographic dance as a central component of Armenian community life. Specific avenues could be community-led events of practice, an increased sense of belonging for practitioners, and the addition of historical/cultural context.https://www.ester.ee/record=b6019654*es
Horizontal Threads: Towards an Entangled Spatial History of the Romanov Empire
Get PDFThis article outlines an emerging approach in the spatial history of the Romanov empire. Similar to other empires of the long nineteenth century, the Romanov empire has traditionally been understood as a spoked wheel, whose vertical axes of power and lines of communication flowed between the metropolitan “core” and the “peripheries.” We argue for the need to move beyond this well-worn image of the empire as a vertical structure of “center-periphery” relations. Instead, we consider the heuristic potential of studying horizontal “periphery-periphery” entanglements interconnecting this state, following threads which were not necessarily woven through the metropole. The argument is illustrated through a discussion of several examples from the Baltic and southwestern provinces, which highlight both the challenges and potentials of intra-imperial entangled history