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Enseignement du français oral informel et spontané aux élèves estoniens de niveau B1
No full textCette étude porte sur l’enseignement du français oral sous sa forme spontanée et informelle dans le cadre d’un cours de FLE destiné à de grands adolescents, qui étudient le français en LV2 et dont le niveau linguistique approche celui du B1. L’objectif de cette étude est de proposer un contenu de cours constitué quelques thèmes lexicaux et syntaxiques caractéristiques de l’oralité : le registre familier, le « e » caduc, les modifications phonétiques et morphosyntaxiques dans un syntagme, la troncation, le verlan, la négation informelle et la question sans inversion sujet-verbe, permettant aux apprenants leur faciliter leur compréhension et leur intégration en milieu francophone
GNSS-free localization using milestone-board information
No full textSee lõputöö käsitleb autonoomsete sõidukite lokaliseerimist olukorras, kus GNSS-signaal ei ole (näiteks tunnelites, metsateedel või kaugemates maa piirkondades). Selline lahendus simuleerib lokaliseerimissüsteemi, mis kasutab OpenStreetMap-andmestikku ja kaugusviite semantiliste vihjetena aukohaleismisel.
Programm koosneb robotimudelist, osakestefiltrist, sensorist ja visualiseerimismoodulist. Eksperimendid viidi läbi Eesti teedevõrgustikus OpenStreetMap andmetel. Tehtud katsetused näitasid, et lokaliseerimise täpsus ulatus kuni 99%-ni. Kaugusviitade kasutamine aitas roboti asukohaleidmist teostada
Creating a CLIL course for teaching intercultural communication to Estonian gymnasium students
No full textThe present thesis aims to design a CLIL elective course on Intercultural Communication for Estonian upper secondary school students, enhancing their intercultural competence while developing their English proficiency. The thesis consists of an introduction, two main chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction explains why this thesis was written and briefly describes its structure. The first chapter outlines the theoretical background of intercultural communication and the CLIL methodology, focusing on their relevance in the educational context. The second chapter describes the development of the course, its structure, learning outcomes, and an overview of the lessons, for which lesson plans and materials were created. The thesis ends with a conclusion that summarises the main points about CLIL, intercultural communication, and the course created. The course outline, five lesson plans and materials of those lessons are included in the appendices.
Keywords: CLIL, intercultural communication, elective course, foreign languag
Named Entity Recognition in Historic Tartu City Council Meeting Protocols
No full textThis thesis explores the use of machine learning for named entity recognition (NER) in the meeting protocols of the Tartu City Council from 1918 to 1940, which are in Estonian. Most existing named entity recognition models for Estonian have been developed using modern language data and perform poorly when applied to historical texts. To effectively annotate valuable historical documents, it is necessary either to train specialized models or to adapt existing ones — particularly when only a small amount of labeled data is available. This study analyzes current NER models and evaluates their suitability for older language. Given the limited availability of high-quality labeled data, the best-performing model is adapted using machine learning techniques to be more suitable for these historical meeting protocols. The results demonstrate that, by using a small amount of labeled data and a large corpus of unlabeled historical documents, it is possible to improve model performance through weakly supervised learning — achieving better results on older language than models trained on modern language data.Käesolevas töös uuritakse võimalusi, kuidas masinõppe abil tuvastada nimeüksusi Tartu Linnavolikogu 1918.-1940. a koosolekute protokollides. Enamik olemasolevaid mudeleid, mis nimeüksusi automaatselt tuvastavad, on loodud tänapäevase keele alusel. Vanema kirjakeele puhul ei anna need aga piisavalt häid tulemusi. Väärtuslike ajalooliste dokumentide märgendamiseks on vaja treenida spetsiaalsed mudelid või kohandada olemasolevaid, kui andmeid on vähe. Käesoleva töö käigus analüüsitakse olemasolevaid nimeüksusi märgendavaid mudeleid ja nende üldistuvust vanemale kirjakeele. Kuna kasutada on vähe kvaliteetseid andmeid, kohandatakse leitud parim mudel masinõppe abil antud ajalooliste protokollide märgendamiseks sobivamaks. Käesolev töö näitab, et kasutades väikest hulka märgendatud ja suurt hulka märgendamata vanemaid dokumente, on nõrgalt juhendatud masinõppe abil võimalik kohandada mudel, mille tulemused on vanema kirjakeele puhul paremad kui algsel tänapäeva keelel loodud mudelil
Postmodern Irony in Bret Easton Ellis’s American Psycho
No full textThis paper analyses Bret Easton Ellis’s novel American Psycho to see how irony is used to present alternative meanings. It also aims to determine whether the irony that is used in the novel is postmodern. This thesis is predominantly structured around the works of two postmodern theorists - Linda Hutcheon and Fredric Jameson, specifically Hutcheon’s theories on traditional and postmodern irony, and Jameson’s critique of pastiche. The theoretical section gives an overview of postmodernism and irony. It also introduces the two main terms used in the analysis. In the empirical section, examples from the text are used to show how irony and pastiche are used in the narrative and to discuss whether or not the irony present in the text is postmodern. The thesis ends with a conclusion about the findings
Language Model Base Process Management on the Example of Company Registration
No full textThe aim of the bachelor's thesis is to investigate how agents based on language models can be applied to support process management, focusing on a specific case: the company registration process in Estonia. Within the framework of the thesis, a prototype AI agent was developed with the goal of guiding the user step by step through the company registration process, providing explanations, clarifications and decision support information. The thesis contains an overview of generative artificial intelligence and the development of large language models, their technological foundations and areas of use. The thesis discusses the risks and ethical issues related to generative artificial intelligence; the company registration process in Estonia is introduced, including various forms of entrepreneurship and digital tools that users encounter during the process. The practical part of the thesis describes the architecture, workflow and testing results of the created agent based on the language model, which demonstrate the usability and practical value of the agent.Bakalaureusetöö eesmärk on uurida, kuidas keelemudelitel põhinevaid agente saab rakendada protsessijuhtimise toetamisel, keskendudes konkreetsele juhtumile: ettevõtte registreerimise protsess Eestis. Töö raames on arendatud välja prototüüpne AI-agent, mille ülesandeks on juhendada kasutajat samm-sammult ettevõtte loomisprotsessis, pakkudes selgitusi, täpsustusi ja otsuste tugiinfot. Töö sisaldab ülevaadet generatiivsest tehisintellektist ja suurte keelemudelite arengust, nende tehnoloogilistest alustest ja kasutusvaldkondadest. Töös käsitletakse generatiivse tehisintellektiga seotud riske ja eetilisi küsimusi; tutvustatakse ettevõtte registreerimise protsessi Eestis, sealhulgas erinevaid ettevõtlusvorme ja digitaalseid töövahendeid, millega kasutajad protsessi käigus kokku puutuvad. Töö praktilises osas kirjeldatakse loodud keelemudeli põhise agendi arhitektuuri, töövoogu ning testimistulemusi, mis näitavad agendi kasutatavust ja praktilist väärtust
Kindergarten teachers’ readiness to replace the daytime nap with alternative activities on the example of kindergartens in Viljandi county
No full texthttps://www.ester.ee/record=b576842
The idea of the Eastern neighborhood: Poland’s strategic and normative engagement with Georgia
No full textPoland’s Eastern policy significantly impacts the broader Eastern Policy of the whole Euro-Atlantic bloc. Recent geopolitical turmoil, namely the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, shape the strategic landscape of the whole continent and primarily that of Central and Eastern Europe. As one of the EU’s largest countries with the highest per capita military spending and the bloc’s Eastern frontier, Poland is both directly affected by and highly motivated to influence developments in this region. Its historical experience and identity grant it even more value and strategic role. While Poland’s Eastern Policy in relation to its direct neighbors, like Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, and Russia, is well-covered in academia, its relations with indirect neighbors, including the South Caucasus, remain relatively unexplored, even though this dimension has become a quite significant part of Polish Eastern Policy during the last two decades. This MA thesis addresses this gap by examining Poland’s Eastern Policy through the case study of its engagement with Georgia, incorporating theoretical analytical lenses of contesting International Relations Theories – realism, liberalism, and constructivism.
MA Thesis “The Idea of the Eastern Neighborhood: Poland’s Strategic and Normative Engagement with Georgia” on the one hand seeks to explore key drivers explaining Poland’s engagement with Georgia and dynamics of bilateral relations, and on the other hand, aims to contribute to the long-lasting debate among contesting IR Theories, examining whether realism, liberalism and constructivism best explain Polish motivations in relation with Georgia and what dynamics and patterns emerge amid this debate.
The research uses a mixed method. It is an outcome-centered explanatory study analyzing Polish foreign policy towards Georgia in the period between 2004-2024. The study combines quantitative analysis, analyzing the frequency of high-level meetings between Georgian and Polish officials, and qualitative content and critical discourse analysis – exploring change and continuity in discourses of those meetings.
The study finds that the drivers of Poland’s engagement vary across time and administrations, reflecting a combination of liberal (liberal intergovernmentalism and institutionalist), constructivist, and neoclassical realist principles. Early engagement is primarily shaped by liberal intergovernmentalism and institutionalism, while the peak of bilateral exchange combines constructivist ideals rooted in the Jagiellonian Mission and realist strategic interests, including energy diversification and security considerations. Policy intensity and focus shifted over time and were explicitly influenced by changes in political leadership in both countries
EFL ability grouping in Estonian basic schools: teachers’ practices and perspectives
No full textThis thesis investigates the practice of ability grouping or temporühmad in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom in Estonian basic schools. Drawing on interviews with eight EFL teachers across six schools, the study explores how teachers perceive and implement ability and attainment grouping or tasemerühmad, the criteria used for group placement, and the differentiation strategies applied within groups. Findings indicate that teachers generally appreciate the structured learning environments provided by ability grouping, as it allows for targeted instruction tailored to students’ learning paces. However, concerns arise regarding the potential for labelling, lowered expectations for slower-paced groups, and logistical challenges in resource allocation. Grouping practices vary significantly across schools, with some initiating placement as early as the second grade and others waiting until the fifth grade.
Teachers also highlighted the importance of flexibility and careful observation in determining group movement. The study provides insights into optimizing ability grouping to enhance equity and learning outcomes in EFL contexts on the verge of educational reforms in Estonia.
Keywords: ability groups, grouping by pace, differentiated teaching, EFL
