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Was Croatian Marxist Philosophy Important? An Outline of an Empirical Approach
No full textThis article evaluates the significance of Marxist philosophy in Croatia by examining the carefully selected facts (research was carried out in 2023). These facts, while not exhaustive, primarily pertain to the most influential figures within Croatian Marxist philosophy. The assessment interpretation focuses on readily verifiable data, such as the role of these philosophers as mentors or committee members for Ph.D. theses in Marxist philosophy, their published works, citation counts, and their notable ideas. Croatian Marxist philosophy is characterized as lacking a substantial body of high-quality philosophical output, as evidenced by relatively small number of publications, citations, and notable ideas, particularly on the international level. Consequently, its overall impact is relatively minor, and their importance overstated
Smart Mini Greenhouse for Eco-Friendly Agriculture
Get PDFThis paper presents a proposal for the design, development, and validation of a smart mini greenhouse intended for small-scale agricultural production. The main objective is to explore the feasibility of a cost-efficient smart mini greenhouse prototype. This paper briefly analyses the parameters that influence the process of plant cultivation. Parameters such as air temperature, air and soil humidity, solar radiation and amount of carbon dioxide are analysed. Based on the analysis of the successful process of plant cultivation, sensors are selected for the condition monitoring in the mini greenhouse. By selecting various sensors, actuators and the control unit (Arduino), a system for condition monitoring and dosing of the necessary elements in the process of plant growth (agricultural production) is formed. With the help of computer design tools, a proposal for the construction of a mini-greenhouse is made. The proposed components for growth support and condition monitoring are integrated into the defined construction of the mini-greenhouse. Testing is carried out by designing the control programme and implementing it. By building a mini greenhouse and integrating the selected components (sensors, actuators and other elements) with the control programme, the complete smart mini greenhouse was validated. The validation positively confirmed the proposed and built prototype model of a smart mini greenhouse for production
Ontological considerations in the work of V. Frankl
No full textFranklova antropološka shema čovjeka određuje kao tročlano biće. Kao nerastavljivo jedinstvo tijela, duše i duha, čovjek ima udjela u trima različitim ontološkim dimenzijama. Njihova povezanost u njemu čini ga posebnom ex-sistencijom. Sukladno doslovnomu značenju toga izraza, Frankl čovjeka razumije kao biće koje je po svom ontološkom dimenzionalnom ustroju uvijek »iz-stojeće«, biće izvan sebe. U međusobnim odnosima tijela, duše i duha Frankl konstatira psihofizički paralelizam (odnos između duša i tijela) i noopsihički antagonizam (odnos između tzv. psihofizikuma i duha). Potonji odnos naznačuje trajnu suprotstavljenost dvaju područja putem poriva i motiva koji iz njih dolaze. Ukoliko je duša vođena tjelesnim potrebama i porivima, duh se tome protivi motiviranjem volje za smislom, koja je temeljna i najvažnija motivacijska sila u čovjekovu životu i koja ga uvijek potiče na sebetranscendiranje. Utoliko se pojmom ex-sistencije upućuje i na čovjekovu pozitivnu dispoziciju nadilaženja samoga sebe. Takvo transcendirajuće bivstvovanje čovjeka vodi u duhovnu dimenziju, gdje se on okreće vrijednostima. Određujući svoju opstojnost prema vrijednostima, čovjek izlazi onkraj sebe u onu dimenziju bitka u kojoj bića opstoje u međusobnim intencionalnim odnosima. Temeljna je kategorija njihove povezanosti Bei-Sein, biti-pri, što je i Franklovo glavno određenje duha. Iz takva shvaćanja duhovne dimenzije Frankl obrnuto tumači i spoznajni akt: nasuprot uobičajenomu novovjekovnom pitanju o mogućnosti spoznavanja nekoga objekta, Frankl odnose među bićima shvaća tako da su ona oduvijek već jedna-pri-drugima. Na taj način on spoznajno-teorijski problem subjekta i objekta proglašava pogrešno postavljenim i umjetno konstruiranim. U duhovnoj dimenziji kao vječnosti bića svoju zasebnost dobivaju ukoliko su u međusobnim odnosima prisnosti. Na taj način kategorija duha (biti-pri) sinonim je za bivstvo ljubavi.Frankl’s anthropological scheme defines the human being as a tripartite entity. As an inseparable unity of body, soul, and spirit, the human being partakes in three different ontological dimensions. The fact that they are interconnected constitutes a unique ex-sistence. In line with the Latin meaning of the term, Frankl perceives the human being as one that, by virtue of its ontological dimensional structure, is always somehow »standing-out«, a being beyond itself. In the interrelations of the body, soul, and spirit, Frankl detects psycho-physical parallelism (a relation between soul and body) and noo-psychic antagonism (a relation between the so-called Psychophysikum and the spirit). The latter indicates a persistent opposition of the two spheres, caused by the urges, needs, and motives arising from them. If the soul is being led by the carnal needs and urges, the spirit reacts by motivating the will to meaning. This will to meaning is the fundamental and most important motivational force in human life, constantly stimulating self-transcendence. Therefore, Frankl’s concept of ex-sistence also indicates a human disposition towards surpassing oneself. Such a transcendent being leads a person into the spiritual dimension, when one turns towards values. By determining its existence according to values, the human being goes beyond itself, into the dimension of being where beings exist in mutual intentional relations. The fundamental basis for their interconnectedness is Bei-Sein (being-with), which is also Frankl’s primary definition of spirit. According to this definition of the spiritual dimension, Frankl interprets the act of cognition in reversed manner: in contrast to the modern question of the possibility of knowing an object, Frankl sees the relations between beings as having always already existed with one another. Therefore, Frankl considers the classical epistemological problem of subject and object to be incorrectly posed and artificially constructed. In spiritual dimension, as the eternity of being, beings acquire their distinctiveness only if they are in ontological closeness to each other. In this way, the category of spirit (being-with) becomes synonymous with the being of love
Film-related articles in Kulisa, a magazine for theatre, cinema, variety, society and sports (1929–1932)
No full textCilj je rada pružiti osnovni pregled članaka filmske tematike objavljenih u hrvatskome kulturnome časopisu Kulisa između 1929. i 1932. godine. Proučavanjem sadržaja ovoga specifičnoga medijskoga korpusa počinje se analizirati Kulisin doprinos oblikovanju filmskoga diskursa u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji, uz inicijalni uvid u obrasce popularne percepcije, medijskoga posredovanja i tehnoloških promjena koje su obilježile to vrijeme.
Metodološki okvir istraživanja uključuje analizu svih dostupnih brojeva časopisa u fondu Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu. Analizirane su tematske cjeline, geografija izvještavanja o filmskim središtima, razvoj domaće i inozemne filmske industrije, te pristupi prikazima nijemih i tonfilmova. Riječ je prvome istraživanju ove teme koje je u ovome radu predstavljeno sažetim rezultatima i zaključcima te opsežnom bibliografijom svih članaka, dok će detaljnija analiza katalogiziranih tekstova ‒ uz iscrpnije identificiranje dominantnih tema, načina prezentacije filma i konteksta razvoja filmske industrije u tome povijesnome razdoblju, koje je naznačeno u poglavlju o specifičnostima časopisa i zaključku ovoga rada ‒ biti u fokusu nastavka ovoga rada temeljenoga na istraživanju arhivske građe, a koji će ponuditi i suvremenu perspektivu na kulturološki kontekst produkcije i recepcije filmskih tema u časopisu Kulisa.
Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su filmske teme bile vrlo zastupljene u Kulisi u prve tri godine, dok je 1932. zabilježen pad količine filmskoga sadržaja. Vizualni aspekt naslovnica pokazuje izrazitu dominaciju filmskih zvijezda (osobito inozemnih glumica), koje su u tekstovima gotovo uvijek prikazane u izrazito pozitivnome svjetlu. Izvještaji o holivudskim i berlinskim produkcijskim centrima prevladavaju nad lokalnim sadržajem, iako se bilježe početni pokušaji razvoja jugoslavenske filmske infrastrukture. Kulisa je ujedno reflektirala tehnološke prijelaze iz nijemoga u zvučni film, ali uz dozu skepse i nostalgije.
Zaključno, rad potvrđuje da je Kulisa bila važan posrednik u prenošenju filmskih informacija i izgradnji medijske publike, uz jasne elemente popularne kulture, senzacionalizma i idealizacije zvjezdanoga statusa. Časopis se formalno pozicionirao kao kulturni medij, a njegova je uloga u oblikovanju ranoga filmskoga informacijskoga krajolika nedvojbena.The aim of this paper is to provide a basic overview of film-related articles published in the Croatian cultural magazine Kulisa between 1929 and 1932. By examining the content of this specific media corpus, the paper initiates the analysis of Kulisa’s contribution to shaping the film discourse in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, offering first insights into patterns of popular perception, media mediation, and technological changes that marked the period.
The methodological framework of the research includes an analysis of all available issues of the magazine held in the collection of the National and University Library in Zagreb. The study examined thematic units, the geography of reporting on cinematic centres, the development of domestic and foreign film industries, and approaches to the presentation of silent and sound films. This is the first study on the subject, presented here through summarised findings and conclusions, along with a comprehensive bibliography of all articles. A more detailed analysis of the catalogued texts—including a deeper identification of dominant themes, modes of film presentation, and the context of the film industry’s development during this historical period, as indicated in the chapter on the magazine’s specificities and in the conclusion—will be the focus of a subsequent paper based on this archival research. That sequel will also offer a contemporary perspective on the cultural context of the production and reception of film-related topics in Kulisa.
The results show that film topics were highly prominent in Kulisa during the first three years, while a decline in content volume was recorded in 1932. The visual aspect of the covers reveals a strong dominance of film stars (especially foreign actresses), who were almost always portrayed in a distinctly positive light. Reports from Hollywood and Berlin production centres outweighed local content, although early efforts to develop a Yugoslav film infrastructure were noted. Kulisa also reflected the technological transition from silent to sound film, albeit with a degree of scepticism and nostalgia.
In conclusion, the paper confirms that Kulisa played an important role in transmitting film information and shaping a media audience, incorporating clear elements of popular culture, sensationalism, and star idealisation. The magazine formally positioned itself as a cultural medium, and its role in shaping the early film information landscape is indisputable
Stabilnost boje smola za punjenje uronjenih u Chicha: In vitro studija
Get PDFObjective: To analyze the color stability of Bulk-fill resins immersed in chicha morada and light-cured at different distances (0 mm, 2 mm and 4 mm). Methods: This in vitro experimental study included a total of 216 Bulk-fill resin discs. The specimens were distributed into nine groups of 24 discs based on the type of resin (3M ESPE® Filtek™ Bulk Fill®, Ivoclar® Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill® and FGM® Opus
Bulk-fill APS®), light-curing distances (0, 2 and 4 mm) and staining solution (control with distilled water and Naturalle® chicha morada). Color measurements were taken 24 hours after fabrication and immersion in distilled water and Naturalle® chicha morada at 24 hours, 1 weekand 3 weeks. Results: Light-curing distances affected the color stability of the resins with 3M ESPE® and Ivoclar®, thusexhibiting significant color changes at all evaluated time points when immersed in chicha morada. For the Delta (ΔE) value 3M ESPE® and Ivoclar® resin discs immersed in chicha morada showed significant changes at 24 hours 1 week and 3 weeks (p = .001, p = .000 and p = .000; and p = .000 p = .000 and p = .000 respectively). However, FGM® resin discs exhibited significant changes only at 24 hours and 1 week (p = .000 and p = .001). FGM® showed better color stability compared to 3M ESPE® and Ivoclar® at 3 weeks of immersion in chicha morada. All three commercial brands showed a significant decrease in the “L” value as immersion time in chicha morada increased. Conclusions: The study concluded that FGM® demonstrated better chromatic stability over time compared to 3M ESPE® and Ivoclar® Ceram, which exhibited significant color changes influenced by immersion duration and photopolymerization distance.Svrha rada: Analizirati stabilnost boje debeloslojnih kopozita uronjenih u chicha moradu i svjetlosno polimeriziranih na različitim udaljenostima (0 mm, 2 mm i 4 mm). Metode: Ovo eksperimentalno istraživanje in vitro uključivalo je ukupno 216 diskova od debeloslojnih kompozita. Uzorci su raspoređeni u devet skupina po 24 diska na temelju vrste kompozita (3M ESPE® Filtek™ Bulk Fill®, Ivoclar® Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill® i FGM® Opus Bulk-fill APS®), udaljenosti svjetlosne polimerizacije (0, 2 i 4 mm) i otopine za bojenje (kontrola destiliranom vodom i Naturalle® chicha moradom). Mjerenja boje provedena su 24 sata poslije izrade te uranjanja u destiliranu vodu i Naturalle® chicha moradu poslije 24 sata, 1 tjedna i 3 tjedna. Rezultati: Udaljenosti svjetlosne polimerizacije utjecale su na stabilnost boje kompozita, pri čemu su 3M ESPE® i Ivoclar® pokazali značajne promjene boje u svim procijenjenim vremenskim točkama kada su uronjeni u chicha moradu. Za vrijednost Delta E (ΔE), kompozitni diskovi 3M ESPE® i Ivoclar® uronjeni u chicha moradu pokazali su značajne promjene poslije 24 sata, 1 tjedna i 3 tjedna (p = 0,001, p = 0,000 i p = 0,000; i p = 0,000, p = 0,000 i p = 0,000). Međutim za kompozitne diskove FGM® zabilježene su značajne promjene poslije samo 24 sata i 1 tjedna (p = 0,000 i p = 0,001). FGM® je pokazao bolju stabilnost boje u usporedbi s 3M ESPE-om® i Ivoclarom® poslije 3 tjedna uranjanja u chicha moradu. Sve tri komercijalne marke pokazale su značajno smanjenje vrijednosti „L” s povećanjem vremena uranjanja u chicha moradu. Zaključci: Na temelju
istraživanja zaključeno je da je FGM® pokazao bolju kromatsku stabilnost tijekom vremena u usporedbi s 3M ESPE-om® i Ivoclar® Ceramom kod kojih su zabilježene značajne promjene boje pod utjecajem trajanja uranjanja i udaljenosti fotopolimerizacije
DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF ENTREPRENEURS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
Get PDFDemografska struktura stanovništva jedan je od ključnih čimbenika demografske slike nekog područja te utječe na gospodarsko stanje države. Demografske promjene glavni su pokretač društvenog razvoja Europske unije i njezinih država članica, a posljedično utječu na društveno-gospodarski razvoj. U analizi demografske strukture stanovništva najčešće se
razmatraju biološka (stanovništvo prema dobi i spolu), ekonomska, socio-profesionalna, obrazovna, nacionalna, religijska i kulturno-etnička obilježja stanovništva. Dobno-spolna struktura stanovništva temelj je fiziološke podjele rada i važna je za
trenutačni gospodarski razvoj neke države. Zajedno s veličinom i gustoćom stanovništva, dobno-spolna struktura postavlja demografske okvire širenja društvene podjele rada. Poduzetnici imaju ključnu ulogu u tržišnim ekonomijama zbog njihove inovativnosti i utjecaja na gospodarstvo. Poduzetnički uspjeh ovisi o samom poduzetniku i njegovim karakteristikama, a olakšavaju ga čimbenici poput stupnja obrazovanja, obuke, iskustva, okruženja i demografskih karakteristika. Dob, spol i obrazovanje također utječu na poslovna postignuća poduzetnika. Za potrebe ovog rada putem online upitnika provedeno je istraživanje demografskih karakteristika poduzetnika u Republici Hrvatskoj. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 100 poduzetnika
(N = 100). Metodologija istraživanja temelji se na primjeni deskriptivne statistike, a analizirani podaci prikazani su pomoću ključnih mjera centralne tendencije. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi demografsku strukturu poduzetnika. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su poduzetnici većinom visokoobrazovani muškarci koji žive u gradu i vlasnici su mikropoduzeća. Dobiveni rezultati mogu se primijeniti u svrhu promicanja poduzetništva među određenim strukturama stanovništva.The population demographic structure is one of the key factors in the demographic status of an area which affects the country’s economic state. Demographic changes are the main driver of social development of the European Union and
its Member States, and consequently they affect socio-economic development. When analyzing the demographic structure of the population, the most often considered parameters are the biological (population by age and sex), economic, socioprofessional, educational, national, religious and cultural-ethnic characteristics of the population. The age-gender structure of the population is the basis of the physiological division of labor and is important for the current economic development of a country. Together with the size and density of the population, the age-gender structure sets demographic frameworks for the expansion of the social division of labor. Entrepreneurs play a key role in market economies because of their innovation and the impact they have on the economy. Entrepreneurial success depends on the entrepreneurs themselves and their characteristics, and is facilitated by factors such as level of education, training, experience, environment and demographic characteristics. Age, gender and education also affect the business achievements of entrepreneurs. For the purposes of this paper, a survey of the demographic characteristics of entrepreneurs in the Republic of Croatia was conducted through an online questionnaire. The study involved 100 entrepreneurs (N = 100). The research methodology is based on the application of descriptive statistics, and the analyzed data are presented using the measures of central tendency. The aim of the research was to determine the demographic structure of entrepreneurs. The results of the research showed that entrepreneurs are mostly highly educated men who live in the city and are owners of micro-enterprises. The
results obtained can be applied for the purpose of promoting entrepreneurship among certain population structures
The calendar rebalancing effects on Zagreb Stock Exchange
No full textU radu se istražuju kalendarski učinci rebalansiranja na Zagrebačkoj burzi (ZSE) analizom dnevnih prinosa indeksa CROBEX i CROBIS u razdoblju od rujna 2003. do ožujka 2025. Pomoću regresijske analize i simulirane investicijske strategije ispituje se predviđaju li sustavne razlike u prinosima između dionica i obveznica na početku mjeseca korekcije prinosa na kraju mjeseca. Rezultati ukazuju na negativnu povezanost između razlika prinosa u prvoj i zadnjoj trećini mjeseca, što potvrđuje postojanje kalendarskog efekta rebalansiranja. Predloženom investicijskom strategijom ostvaruju se znatno bolji rizikom prilagođeni prinosi, sa Sharpeovim omjerom dvostruko većim od strategije "kupi i drži" indeks CROBEX. Robusnost rezultata utvrđena je analizom osjetljivosti na vremenski okvir rebalansiranja, pri čemu se najbolji prinosi ostvaruju upravo pet dana prije kraja mjeseca. Suprotno tome, placebo efekt s rebalansiranjem početkom mjeseca pokazuje slabije rezultate, što sugerira da je isti povezan s institucionalnim aktivnostima krajem mjeseca. Dobiveni nalazi pružaju uvid u vremensku osjetljivost strategija rebalansiranja i ukazuju na mogućnosti poboljšanja prinosa izranjajućih tržišta.The paper investigates the calendar rebalancing effects on Zagreb Stock Exchange (ZSE) by analyzing daily returns of the CROBEX and the CROBIS indices from September 2003 to March 2025. A regression analysis and a simulated investment strategy are used to examine whether systematic differences in returns between stocks and bonds at the beginning of the month predict return corrections at the end of the month. The results indicate a negative relationship between return differences in the first and the last third of the month, confirming the existence of a calendar rebalancing effect. Proposed investment strategy achieves significantly better risk-adjusted returns, with a Sharpe ratio twice as high as that of the "buy and hold" CROBEX index strategy. The robustness of the results is established through a sensitivity analysis of the rebalancing time frame, with the best returns observed precisely five days before the end of the month. In contrast, a placebo effect involving rebalancing at the beginning of the month shows weaker results, suggesting that it's linked to institutional activities at month-end. The findings provide insight into the timing sensitivity of rebalancing strategies and highlight opportunities for returns enhancement in emerging markets
