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The Study of Sovereign Credit Risk Ratings: An Application of Panel Date Analysis
No full text[[abstract]]本研究利用國庫券之價格推估其違約之機率，進而估計信用違約交換價差(CDSspread)，將此結果與總體經濟指標做相關之分析。從總體經濟指標中挑選出國內生產毛額成長率(GDPG)、經常帳戶之餘額佔國內生產毛額之比率(CAB)、工業生產指數年增率(IPIG)、通貨膨長率(INF)、政府債務佔國內生產毛額之比率(DEBT)五個變數作為自變項。而其相關分析之結果得到信用違約交換價差(CDSspread)與國內生產毛額成長率(GDPG)呈負向關係、與經常帳戶之餘額佔國內生產毛額之比率(CAB)呈負向關係、與通貨膨脹率(INF)呈正向關係、與政府債務佔國內生產毛額之比率(DEBT)成正向關係以及與工業生產指數年增率(IPIG)成正向關係。此結果和評級的預期損失(RIEL)與此五項總體經濟指標之相關分析結果相同。[[abstract]]Thisstudyusesthepriceoftreasurybillstoestimatetheprobabilityofdefault,Andthenusestheprobabilityofdefaulttoestimatesthecreditdefaultswapspread(CDSspread).WewouldliketoanalyzetherelationshipbetweentheresultofCDSspreadandmacro-economicfactor.Inthisstudy,5factorsareselected:theratioofCurrentAccountBalancetoGrossDomesticProduct(CAB),IndustrialProductionIndexannualgrowthrate(IPIG),Inflationrate(INF),GrossDomesticProduct(GDP),andtheratioofgovernmentdebttogrossdomesticproduct(DEBT).CDSspreadisnegativelycorrelatedwithbothgrossdomesticproductgrowthrate(GDPG),andtheratioofthecurrentaccounttothegrossdomesticproduct(CAB).Butispositivelycorrelatedrespectivelywiththeinflationrate(INF),theratioofgovernmentdebttogrossdomesticproduct(DEBT),andtheindexofindustrialproduction(IPIG).Therelationshipbetweenratings-impliedexpectedloss(RIEL)andthefivemacro-economicfactorsneedsinthisstudy
A Study on the Relationship between SalesCapability and Performance：Take the fast moving consumer goods company as an example
No full text[[abstract]]在大多數的企業中，銷售部門在創造公司競爭優勢方面扮演越來越重要的角色。相較於行銷能力，銷售能力並沒有被明確的定義，因此在概念和經驗上都容易被忽略。這項研究區分為兩項，公司對銷售團隊管理的能力和銷售人員個人的銷售能力，檢視兩者之間的相互作用並分析其對績效的影響。本研究以公司集團台灣事業群消費品事業本部下行銷公司下11家(商、物流)銷售公司80位銷售人員為研究對象，在2017/4/15~2017/4/30進行，銷售團隊管理能力、個人銷售能力與績效之間關係的紙本問卷調查，並回收80份。本研究結果發現，年齡、年資對績效具有顯著的正向影響，區域對績效不具有顯著的影響。此外，本研究的假設驗證結果顯示：(1)銷售團隊管理能力之程序構面之3個子構面顧客定位、人才管理、銷售團隊結構化，對績效有正向的顯著影響。(2)個人銷售能力之程序構面之2個子構面顧客管理、銷售技巧對績效有正向顯著影響，進而有利於績效之提升。但如何藉由銷售團隊管理能力、個人管理能力等概念，具體落實於企業全體員工，改變企業全體員工之觀念與服務作為，才是影響績效之關鍵要素。[[abstract]]Inmostenterprises,thesalesdepartmentplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleincreatingthecompany'scompetitiveadvantage.Comparedtomarketingability,salesabilityisnotclearlydefined,soinconceptandexperienceareeasilyoverlooked.Thestudyisdividedintotwocategories,thecompany'sabilitytomanagethesalesteamandthesalesforceofthesalesstaff,toexaminetheinteractionbetweenthetwoandanalyzeitsimpactonperformance.Inthisstudy,80salespersonsof11(commercialandlogistics)salescompaniesunderthemarketingbusinessoftheGroupGroupofTaiwaneseGroupwereconductedin2017/4/15~2017/4/30,andthesalesteammanagementability,Personalsalesabilityandperformanceoftherelationshipbetweenthepaperquestionnairesurvey,and80copies.Theresultsofthisstudyshowthatageandagehaveasignificantpositiveeffectonperformance,andregionalperformancedoesnothaveasignificantimpact.Inaddition,theresultsofthisstudyshowthat:(1)thesalesteammanagementabilityoftheprogramfacetsofthethreesub-facetscustomerpositioning,talentmanagement,salesteamstructure,apositiveimpactontheperformance.(2)Individualsalesabilityoftheprogramsub-surfaceofthetwosub-facetscustomermanagement,salesskillshaveasignificantpositiveimpactonperformance,andthusconducivetoperformanceimprovement.Buthowtoselltheteamthroughthemanagementcapacity,personalmanagementcapabilitiesandotherconcepts,thespecificimplementationofallemployeesintheenterprise,tochangetheconceptofallemployeesandservicesasakeyfactorinperformance
A Study on Consumer Internet Shopping Intention：Using Fresh Vegetables fruits Shopping as an Example
No full text[[abstract]]科技通訊的發達已改變了以往的消費行為，由實體商店到虛擬商店，網際網路購物市場快速成長，每年營業成長有近?位數，近年來政府更致力於農產品來源的推動，但卻很少有生鮮蔬果食品在網路上購買的相關訊息，因此有必要研究調查消費者上網購買與查詢生鮮蔬果食品銷售相關購物考量動機、服務品質、網路使用經驗進行探討。本研究以消費者在網際網路購買生鮮蔬果的意願為基礎，探索消費者購買行為特性傾向的關係，讓未來有意願建立生鮮蔬果食品網際網路的企業，了解市場區隔、目標市場、市場定位進行產品、價格、促銷、通路及顧客關係的維繫管理探討出最佳的方案。本研究調查期間為2017年3月31日至4月15日，為期16天；以Google網路問卷調查，利用所蒐集的253份資料，透過因素分析、信度分析、單因子變異數分析、迴歸分析等方法進行分析，探討生鮮蔬果在網路上購買意願的影響。研究結果發現，消費者購買動機會影響消費者的購買意願，購買動機中的娛樂性需求與便利性需求亦會影響消費者的購買意願；服務品質會影響消費者的購買意願，服務品質中的有形物與同理心亦會影響消費者的購買意願。[[abstract]]ThedevelopmentofScienceandTechnologyhaschangedtheconsumerbehavior,fromphysicalstoretovirtualstore,theInternetshoppingmarketisgrowingsofastthatAnnualbusinessgrowthnumberarenearlytwodigits.Inrecentyears,thegovernmenthasbeenmorecommittedtothepromotionofagriculturalproducts.ButthereisfewinformationaboutfreshfruitsandvegetablesontheInternetforconsumers,itisnecessarytostudytheconsumeronlineshoppingandcheckthesaleoffreshfruitsandvegetablesrelatedtoshoppingpurchasemotive、servicequalityandnetworkexperience.BasedonthewillingnessofconsumerstobuyfreshfruitsandvegetablesontheInternet,thisstudyexplorestherelationshipbetweenconsumers'purchasingbehavioraltendenciesandthewillingnesstoestablishanetworkoffreshfruitsandvegetablesinthefuture,tounderstandmarketsegmentation、markettargeting,marketpositioningtheproduct、price、promotion、placeandcustomerrelationshipmanagementtoexplorethebestsolution.ThesurveyperiodwasfromMarch31toApril15,2017,andwascarriedoutfor16days.UsingtheGooglewebsurvey,the253datacollectedwereanalyzedbyfactoranalysis,reliabilityanalysis,singlefactoranalysis,RegressionanalysisandothermethodstoanalyzetheimpactoffreshfruitsandvegetablesontheInternettobuytheintention.Theresultsofthestudyfoundthatconsumerpurchasemotivewillaffectthepurchaseintentionofconsumers,purchasemotivesintheentertainmentneedsandconvenienceneedswillalsoaffecttheconsumer'swillingnesstopurchase;servicequalitywillaffecttheconsumer'swillingnesstopurchase,servicequalityTangiblesandEmpathywillalsoaffecttheconsumer'swillingnesstopurchase
The Effect among Ownership Structure, Market Liquidity and Firm Performance: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies
No full text[[abstract]]本研究探討股東結構與股票市場流動性對公司績效的影響，藉由上海證券交易所(ShanghaiStockExchange)和深圳證券交易所(ShenzhenStockExchange)共同出資發起設立中國證券指數公司(ChinaSecuritiesIndexCo.,Ltd)，以其編制之滬深300指數(CSI300index)組成之三百家公司作為研究標的，研究期間為2008年至2015年(共八年)。研究發現，不論是否納入固定效果或使用流動性替代變數進行穩健性測試，其結果顯示公司股票有較高的流動性，則公司績效顯著較佳。除此之外，法人持股比、流通法人持股比與公司績效存在顯著負相關，且存在顯著U型曲線關係。另外，在加入固定效果及穩健性測試後，流通內部人持股比與公司績效之間也存在顯著U型曲線關係。在控制變數方面，公司規模、槓桿比與公司績效之間存在顯著負相關，表示擁有較少資產或槓桿比較低的公司，其公司績效較佳。[[abstract]]ThispaperinvestigatestheinfluenceofstockmarketliquidityandownershipstructureonfirmperformancebyusingthreehundredcompanieslistedonChinaSecuritiesIndex300(CSI300)indexbytheShenzhenStockExchangeandShanghaiStockExchange.Thefirm-yearpaneldataacquiresfromChinaStockMarketandAccountingResearchDatabase(CSMAR).Usingdatafrom2008to2015,ourstudyfindthatcompanieswhichhavehigherlevelofmarketliquiditymayperformbetter.Thisresultisrobusttocontrolfirmfixedeffectsandapplyalternativeapproachesofstockmarketliquidity.Inaddition,thisresearchshowthatfirmswithlowlevelofinstitutionownershipperformbetter.Moreover,wefindevidencethatcurvilinearrelationshipsbetweeninstitutionownershipandfirmperformance.Thoseresultsarerobustaftercontrollingforfirmfixedeffects.Therelationshipbetweenstateownershipandfirmperformanceisambiguous,becauseoftoomanyreformsofgovernmentpoliciesduringtheresearchperiod.Furthermore,financialleverageandfirmsizehavesignificantnegativeeffectonfirmperformance,showthatcompanieswithlowleveloffinancialleverageorwithsmallersizemayperformbetter
Optimal housing capacity is affected by income、consumption、risk aversion and return on investment
No full text[[abstract]]隨著環境的變化，消費者對於住宅的品質愈來愈重要，不管是生活機能或是交通便利，都是消費者考量的因素，消費者往往因購置不動產，導致生活品質受損，如何能在不影響生活品質的情況下購屋為本研究主要探討。本研究主要探討以Campbell&Cocco(2015)的效用模型加以推導，設定新的模型，將參數代入模型加以分析。研究所得(L)、消費(C)、風險規避程度(γ)、投資報酬率(r)在不同情況下，對於最適購屋價格之影響。結果顯示所得愈高，最適購屋能力愈高。在相同所得下，消費愈高，會造成最適房價下降。投資報酬率愈高，最適房價下降。風險規避程度愈高，最適購屋價格愈高。[[abstract]]Duetothechangeoftheenvironment,thequalityofhousebecomesmoreandmoreimportantforconsumers.Whetherlivingfacilitiesorconvenienttransportationarethekeyfactorswhenconsumerspurchasethehouse.Forexample,someconsumersmightpurchaseunsuitablehousewhichdecreasetheirqualityoflife.Thisstudyattempttoresearchhowtopurchasethehousewithoutimpactingonthequalityoflife.ThisstudybasedonthemodelofCampbell&Cocco(2015)andemployedseveralimportantparametersaffectingappropriatehousingcapacity.Thisresearchfocusesonappropriatethefactorofhousingcapacityincludingincome,consumption,riskaversionandreturnoninvestment.Theresearchshowthatifconsumers’incomeraises,theirappropriatehousingcapacitywillalsoraise.Iftheirconsumptionraises,theirappropriatehousingcapacitywilldecreaseiftheirriskaversionraise,theirappropriatehousingcapacitywillincrease.Iftheirreturnoninvestmentraisetheirappropriatehousingcapacitywilldecrease
The present and future of King’s Town Bank and Western Union
No full text[[abstract]]台灣從1989年引進大量外籍勞工以來，至今在台之外籍居留人數已超過68萬人。因此，外籍移工帶來龐大的國際匯款需求，本研究以國際移民的匯款需求進行探討，回顧美國西聯匯款公司立足於國際匯款市場經營策略之轉變及其立足於此一匯款市場的關鍵因素；另針對京城銀行與西聯匯款公司之合作，探討京城銀行匯款業務策略及創新的電子化交易，以爭取於國內金融業於國際匯款市場之占有率，提高員工貢獻度增加公司效益與績效。[[abstract]]Taiwanhasintroducednumerousforeignmigrantworkerssince1989andnowthenumberexceeds680,000.Thus,therehasbeenmassivedemandforinternationalremittance.ThispaperexploresthedemandforinternationalremittanceofforeignmigrantsandpayretrospecttotheoperationoftheWesternUnionandtherationaleforitssuccess.AsforthecooperationbetweenKing’sTownBankandtheWesternUnion,thereisdiscussionofKing’sTownBank’sstrategyanditsinnovativee-commerceeffortstoincreaseitsshareoftheinternationalremittancemarket,theemployees’contributionandtheefficacyofthebank
The Movement of US Dollars Under Trump's Dominance
No full text[[abstract]]川普當選總統之後，陸續落實選舉承諾，各國擔心的事情持續發酵。當時影響美元匯率的一件大事就是聯準會升息，理論上美元升值及市場預期美元將升值，但美元指數卻下跌。川普當家的作為顯然抵銷聯準會升息對於美元升值的效應，增加了美元匯率的不確定性。大多數國家的中央銀行都持有美元作為儲備，也運用各種經濟理論以預測美元匯率走勢及對經濟可能帶來的影響。本文藉由各種經濟理論分析外匯市場，觀察川普政見及其執行所可能產生的效應，並說明美元匯率之走勢。[[abstract]]AfterTrumpwaselectedthepresidentoftheUS,hehasimplementedwhathehadpromisedandcausedconcernsofothernations.TheincraseoftheinterestratebytheFedhadabigimpact,whichtheoreticallywouldcausetheUSdollartoappreciate,butitdepreciatedinstead.Apparently,Trump'spresidencyhadamelioratedtheactionoftheFedandincreasestheuncertaintyoftheexchangerateoftheUSdollarasaresult.MostcountriesusetheUSdollarasareserveandhaveusedvariouseconomictheoriestopredicttheforeignexchangerateanditsimpactontheeconomy.ThispaperanalyzestheforeignexchangemarketviaeconomictheoriesandobservethepoliciesofTrumpcoupledwiththepossibleimpact,delineatingthetrendoftheUSdollar
On the Planning of an Integrated Management and Diagnostic Information Platform for Process Equipment
No full text[[abstract]]石化業帶來了許多的便利性，確也是高危險性的行業，事故的發生對企業或社眾都是具有重大的影響，國內法規雖訂立依循規範，但仍免不了事故的發生。設備與設備之間並非是獨立個體生產，彼此是具有因果連動關係；設備完整性強調的是設備整體性的管理，目的在防止或減少毒性、反應性、易燃性或爆炸性化學品，因外洩所導致的毒性、火災或爆炸後果，因此，製程工廠的智慧化監控與製程生產系統之安全維護是有其必要性。本研究以設備完整性為出發點，清點出製程生產過程中的各項設備資料與電腦系統中的資料，以利於未來於診斷平台建置完備後，即可上線運用分析所。研究中以水管式鍋爐為範例，藉由蒐集到的操作、技術、檢查、維修、設計、物料、設備清單等數據資料，運用布林運算及設定診斷模式並進行失效的診斷分析，用以展示未來運用於綜合診斷平台上之需求與相關的應用。[[abstract]]Thepetrificationindustryhasbroughtmanyconveniences，alsoisfirmlythehigh-riskdangerousprofession，theaccidentoccurrenceorsocietytheaudiencesallhasthesignificantinfluencetotheenterprise，Althoughthedomesticlawsandregulationsworkoutrelyonthestandard，butstillunavoidablyaccidentoccurrence.Betweentheequipmentthatistheindependentindividualproductionbynomeans，eachotherhasthecauseandeffectgearingrelations，theMIistheintegritymanagement，Thegoalinpreventsorthereducedtoxicity，thereactivity，theflammabilityortheexplosivechemical，becauseoutsidereleasesthetoxicity，thefireorthedetonationconsequencewhichcauses，Therefore，makestheregulationfactorythewisdommonitoringandsecurityofmaintenancethesystemregulationproductionsystemhasitsnecessity.Thisresearchtaketheequipmentintegrityasastartingpoint，takesinventoryinthesystemregulationproductionprocessineachitemofequipmentmaterialandthecomputersystemmaterial，willfavorfutureafterdiagnosestheplatformtoestablishcompletely，thenwillmakesomethingamatterofpoliticallinetheutilizationanalysisTheresearchistakethewaterpipetypeboilerasamodel，arrivesdatamaterialsandontheoperation，technology，inspection，service，design，material，equipmentdetailedlistbecauseofthecollection，carriesontheexpirationthediagnosticanalysis，withdemonstratedusesinsynthesizingundelivereddiagnosesintheplatformthedemandandthecorrelationapplication
Industry Strategy of Industrial Zone under the Control of Total Air Pollutant Emission- Volatile organic compounds emission control
No full text[[abstract]]空氣污染物排放總量管制下工業區內產業因應策略—揮發性有機物排放管制長久以來，高屏地區持續不良的空氣品質，為在地普遍民眾關切的議題，而環境保護主管機關於104年6月公告實施「高屏地區空氣污染物總量管制計畫」。但此政策之實行，對於空氣品質改善及對高屏地區產業影響程度，仍需要更廣泛地評估；對於區域內的產業而言，也需要加以因應。基於此，本研究以南部特定工業區所排放的揮發性有機物為研究對象，利用工業區各項污染量及環保署空品資料，包含粒狀污染物(TSP)、硫氧化物(SOx)、氮氧化物(NOx)以及揮發性有機物(VolatileOrganicCompounds,VOCs)等空污排放量，配合以問卷調查結果，檢討分析總量管制政策的實施，對空氣品質及對產業經濟的可能影響，並研擬相關之因應建議。本研究對於主管機關具體建議包括：應統合排放量估算基準，以為法規修訂參考、健全抵換交易平台及交易費率、提供減量誘因，提高業者主動減量意願。另外建議針對VOCs抵換比例的計算原則，應以本土性製程排放係數，做為評估基準。採用泡泡政策的精神管制，落實總量管制精神。對於產業調適作為建議如下：調查與建置產業VOCs污染源及排放清單，配合減廢措施，研擬可行之減?策?，全面性檢視現有污染防制設備的操作效能，以最佳可行控制技術(BACT)為要求考量，不應以達指定削減為目標，應藉由製程、原料改善、提升防制設備效率等，以提供超額排放減量保留，作為未來自廠擴建、新設或變更污染源增量等替代可能；設置排放總量管制交易制度之專業人員，熟悉「空氣污染物削減量差額管理平台」相關之交易制度，規劃未來取得污染物排放量抵換之可行條件；預先規劃產業未來發展，提前因應總量管制要求的調整。關鍵詞：總量管制、揮發性有機物、管制策略、排放量、削減量[[abstract]]Thestrategiesfortotalemissioncontrolofairpollutantsfortheindustriesestablishedintheindustrialpark-EmissioncontrolofvolatileorganiccompoundsForalongtime,thepersistentpoorairqualityintheKaohsiungandPingtungareahasbecomeapublicconcern,therefore,theEnvironmentalprotectionauthoritypromulgatedtheimplementationofthe"TotalairpollutantcontrolplaninKaohsiungandPingtungarea"inJune2004.However,theimplementationofthispolicy,fortheimprovementofairqualityandtheimpactoftheindustryinKaohsiungandPingtungarea,stillneedtobemorewidelyassessed.Fortheindustrywithintheregion,alsoneedtoberesponsive.Basedonthis,thisresearchfocusesonthevolatileorganiccompoundsemittedfromspecificindustrialareaintheSouthofTaiwan,usingtheamountofpollutionofindustrialareasandtheenvironmentaldataofEPD,includingtotalsuspendedsolids(TSP),sulfuroxidescompound(SOx),nitrogenoxidecompound(NOx)aswellasthevolatileorganicmatter(VolatileOrganicCompounds,VOCs),combinedwiththeresultsofthequestionnairetoreviewtheimplementationofthetotalairpollutantcontrolpolicy,theairqualityandthepossibleimpactontheindustrialeconomy,andtodeveloptherelevantrecommendations.ThestudyincludedspecificrecommendationsfortheAdministration,includingconsolidationemissionsestimatebaselineaslegislationamendmentreference,perfectexchangetradingplatformandtransactionrates,provideincentivesforreductions,andincreasewillingnessofindustrytotaketheinitiative,alsorecommendedforVOCsoffsetratiocalculationprinciple,thedischargecoefficientoflocalprocess,astheevaluationcriteria；theuseofbubblepolicyofthespiritofcontrol,theimplementationofthetotalcontrolofthespirit.Fortheindustrytoadjustasfollows,InvestigationandconstructionofindustrialVOCspollutionsourcesandemissioninventories,Withthewastereductionmeasures,todevelopafeasiblereductionstrategy,Comprehensivereviewofexistingpollutioncontrolequipmentoperationaleffectiveness,withthebestpossiblecontroltechnology(BACT)asarequirement,shouldnotbetargetedatthetargetreduction,throughprocessefficiency,rawmaterialimprovement,upgradingcontrolequipment,etc.,toprovideexcessemissionsreductionreserves,asthefutureexpansionfromtheplant,neworchangethesourceofpollutionandotheralternativepossible.Setuptheemissionscap-and-tradesystemtradingprofessionals,familiarwiththe"airpollutantreductionamountmanagementplatform"relatedtothetradingsystem,planningthefuturetoobtainpollutantemissionsofthefeasibleconditions,pre-planningfuturedevelopmentoftheindustry,Planningfuturepollutantemissioncharacteristicsofviableconditionsadvanceplanningfuturedevelopmentoftheindustry,Capadjustmentsinadvanceduetothetotalairpollutantcontrolrequirements.Keywords:totalcontrol,volatileorganicmatter,regulatorystrategy,emissions,reduction
Untersuchung von ?bersetzungsproblemen in deutscher Kriegsliteratur zum Ersten Weltkrieg, basierend auf der Theorie des funktionalen ?bersetzens von Christiane Nord-Am Beispiel des Romans ?Im Westen nichts Neues“
No full text[[abstract]]翻譯文學蓬勃發展，目標語接受者無須具備外語能力便能閱讀外國文學，使得讀者能夠一窺異國文化與其經典作品。翻譯文學十分仰賴譯者的語言轉換能力，而譯者是否能夠傳遞源語文本作者的原意，又能生產出符合翻譯綱要的目標語文本呢？異國文化的部分又該如何取捨？譯者會一字不漏地傳遞給讀者？又或者是因應目標語文化做適當更改？在目標語文本中增譯或刪減是否會影響傳遞至讀者端的訊息？此外，本論文的評析材料－《西線無戰事》是一本雷馬克參考史實，並且根據他在第一次世界大戰的親身經歷而撰寫的小說，因此，譯者除了熟悉源語與目標語文化的差異及兩語言間不同的用字遣詞習慣外，也需對一戰的歷史背景做深入了解並保留源語中一戰文學的色彩。本論文以諾德（ChristianeNord）的功能翻譯理論為主軸，亦詳盡的介紹萊思（KatharinaRei?）、漢斯(HansJ.Vermeer)及霍斯－曼特瑞(JustaHolz-M?ntt?ri)等功能學派學者及其翻譯理論。理論分析以諾德的功能加忠誠理論為主，其文本翻譯類型為輔，探討文本中的翻譯問題，也就是語內翻譯問題、文化差異翻譯問題、語言差異翻譯問題及特殊源語文本翻譯問題。諾德的翻譯綱要及原文分析也與翻譯問題息息相關，在分析翻譯綱要及原文後，譯者便能知道如何處理翻譯問題。透過這些分析，譯者可以判斷原文哪些訊息該保留或調整。筆者從源語文本及目標語文本中蒐集許多實例，根據諾德的翻譯問題理論進行分類，劃分各種細項並分析，最後分享從中所觀察到的現象，以及譯者面對不同的翻譯問題的處理方式。[[abstract]]Thewell-developedtranslationindustryenablestargetreaderswithoutlanguageabilitytoreadforeignliterature,givingthemapeekofexoticcultureandtheclassics.Literarytranslationfocusesonatranslator’scode-switchingability,whichisexpectedtoconveytheoriginalideaofanauthorbyproducingatargettextthatstrictlyfollowsatranslationbrief.Atranslatorshouldconsiderthetrade-offbetweentwocultures.Willatranslatorcompletelytransfereverythingtoareaderormakeslightmodificationsaccordingtothetargetlanguage?Dothosemodificationsaffectmessagesdeliveredtothereader?Thesourcetext,ImWestennichtsNeues,waswrittenbasedontheauthor,ErichMariaRemarqueandhisexperienceinWorldWarIandhistory.Inthiscase,thetranslatorshouldnotonlybefamiliarwiththesourcelanguage,butalsothehistoryofthelanguageaswellaspreservinglanguagefeaturesfromaparticularera.ThisresearchmakesuseofChristianeNord’sfunctionalapproachestotranslationasthecoretheory,withdetailedintroductiontootherfunctionalistsandtheirtheories;namelyKatharinaRei?,HansJ.VermeerandJustaHolz-M?ntt?r.Theanalysisfocusesmainlyonthefunctionandfaithfulness(FunktionsgerechtigkeitundLoyalit?t)theoriesofNord,supplementedwiththetranslationscholar’stexttypes.Theresearchlooksintotranslationproblemsregardingpragmatictranslation,culturaltranslation,linguistictranslationandtext-specifictranslation.Atranslationproblemiscloselyrelatedtoatranslationbriefandsourcetextanalysis,inwhichuponcloseexamination,atranslatorisabletoproperlydealwithatranslationissue.Throughanalysis,atranslatorcandeterminewhetherinformationshouldbekeptormodified.Inthisstudy,theresearchergathersrealexamplesfromsourcetextsandtargettexts,thenclassifiesanddiscussestranslationsaccordingtoNord’stheories,andconcludesbasedonthefindingsandhowatranslatormanagestohandlevarioustranslationproblems