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Rewriting Cartography in the Age of the Anthropocene: A Conversation with Alexandra Arènes and Axelle Grégoire
No full texteditorial reviewed11. Sustainable cities and communities15. Life on land17. Partnerships for the goal
Determining the nutritional status of Belgian blue calves hospitalized using urea, albumin and cholesterol: toward a “Calf-CONUT” ratio
No full textpeer reviewe
Diagnosis and Treatment of an Ununited Anconeal Process in a California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus).
No full textpeer reviewedOrthopedic conditions, congenital or acquired, are frequent reasons for presentation of companion animals to veterinarians [...]
Comparative life cycle carbon emission assessment of a residential building: a case study of Cambodia
No full textpeer reviewedThis paper studies life cycle assessment (LCA) of a townhouse in Cambodia as a case study and compares carbon emission (CE) of green building scenarios generated with two types of LCA: screening and simplified. The research methodology is based on the building modelled in SimaPro software using ecoinvent 3 databases to assess life cycle CE of case study and different selected scenarios. The simplified LCA result show that the building produced a CE of 1276 kg CO2-eq/m2 and the average difference between the screening result and that of the simplified LCA is 2.8%, ranging from 1.9% to 4.9% according to the design scenario studied. The combination of the four tested strategies reduced the building’s CE by 42% compared to the existing house. The results show the potential for integrating LCA into green building design in Cambodia. The screening LCA can be a useful tool to pre-size the GHG emissions produced by building and test different decarbonization options during the design stage
Enhanced Meteoroid Trajectory and Speed Reconstruction Using a Forward Scatter Radio Network: Pre‐t0 Phase Technique and Uncertainty Analysis
No full textpeer reviewedThis study presents an enhanced method for reconstructing meteoroid trajectories and speeds using the Belgian RAdio Meteor Stations forward scatter radio network. A novel extension of the pre‐ phase technique, originally developed for backscatter radars, has been adapted for forward scatter continuous wave systems. This method leverages phase data recorded before the meteoroid reaches the specular reflection point to improve speed estimations. Additionally, we combine this newly determined pre‐ speed information with time of flight measurements into the trajectory solver to reduce uncertainties in meteoroid path and speed reconstructions. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is employed to propagate measurement uncertainties to the trajectory parameters. The reconstructed trajectories and speeds are validated against optical data from the CAMS‐BeNeLux network. The results show significant improvements in the accuracy and robustness of speed and inclination determination.Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellenc
Where Does the Boundary Fall? Conservation Assemblages and Their Discontents in a Protected Area, Northern Cambodia
No full textpeer reviewedThe chapter examines the ins and outs of a protected area zonation undertaken by the Ministry of Environment and a large conservation organisation in Northern Cambodia. On paper, the approach was innovative as it aimed to promote an inclusive form of forest management where customary land and resource tenure are recognised and formalised. We used an analytic of assemblage to look critically at the initiative and ask who benefits and loses out in these processes. We examine two distinct assemblages existing within the same forest landscape but which are constituted by radically different components. The first is comprised of state agencies and a conservation organisation that undertook the protected area zonation, which are the central pillars of a larger conservation assemblage. The other is forged by largely autonomous Kuy communities that assembled to protect their forests from outside interests and which have a very different perspective of what constitutes the forest, its uses and values, its more-than-human dimensions, and approaches to conservation. We examine how and why the conservation assemblage goals to conduct a more inclusive zonation process were not realised in practice, despite the good intentions of individuals involved and significant resources deployed. In particular, we draw attention to the question of people’s participation and the narrow scope of what was up for discussion; processes of simplification at play that failed to grasp the complexity of people’s livelihoods and use of forests; and the subsuming of political claims over forests into technical problems to be fixed, which served to reinforce the knowledge and authority of the Ministry of Environment. It resulted in a process of exclusion of the people it was supposed to benefit, caused by the combined exercise of distinct forms of power that speak to different sets of actors, agendas,
and socio-political contingencies
Investigation numérique d’une méthode multi-step one-shot pour l’inversion de forme d’onde acoustique complète en domaine fréquentiel
No full textFull waveform inversion is an imaging method consisting of the spatial reconstruction of the parameter field of a wave propagation problem through the optimization of a misfit functional between the synthetic solution of the problem and the observed solution. Full waveform inversion is typically articulated in two distinct layers: the inner layer involves solving the forward and adjoint problems for the calculation of the misfit gradient, and the outer layer performing the optimization. For large scale problems, the forward and adjoint problems need to be solved using an iterative domain decomposition method.
The one-shot paradigm couples these iterative solutions with the optimization steps by limiting the number of forward and adjoint solver iterations to a small number, thus producing an inexact gradient.
In this master's thesis, the practical feasibility and performance usefulness of the one-shot paradigm are investigated in the context of full waveform inversion in the frequency domain. Inversion with a variant of the one-shot algorithm proposed by Bonazzoli, Haddar, and Vu (2022) with gradient descent for minimization and an Optimized Restricted Additive Schwarz-preconditioned stationary iterative solver for the forward and adjoint problems is tested, and its cost is measured in terms of the number of forward and adjoint iterations. Then, a Gauss-Newton method based on the one-shot paradigm and an adaptive gradient descent is introduced and compared with other algorithms.
For the inversion of the linearized inverse problem, the results indicate that the multi-step one-shot paradigm may allow converging with a reduced number of forward and adjoint solver iterations for a given step size, while increasing step size robustness. The Barzilai-Borwein method is introduced for step size adaptiveness and is shown to be robust to one-shot estimated gradients, provided that sufficient forward and adjoint iterations are performed. The resulting Gauss-Newton algorithm for the inversion of the full inverse Helmholtz problem shows comparable performances to state-of-the-art methods.L’inversion de forme d’onde complète est une méthode d’imagerie consistant en la reconstruction spatiale du champ de paramètres d’un problème de propagation d’ondes par l’optimisation d’une fonctionnelle d’erreur entre la solution synthétique du problème et la solution observée. L’inversion de forme d’onde complète s’articule généralement en deux couches distinctes : une couche interne consistant à résoudre les problèmes direct et adjoint pour le calcul du gradient de la fonctionnelle, et une couche externe effectuant l’optimisation. Pour les problèmes de grande taille, les problèmes direct et adjoint doivent être résolus à l’aide d’une méthode itérative à décomposition de domaine.
Le paradigme one-shot couple ces solutions itératives aux étapes d’optimisation en limitant le nombre d’itérations des solveurs direct et adjoint à un nombre restreint, produisant ainsi un gradient inexact.
Dans ce mémoire de master, la faisabilité pratique et l’intérêt en termes de performance du paradigme one-shot sont investigués dans le contexte de l’inversion de forme d’onde complète en domaine fréquentiel. L’inversion avec une variante de l’algorithme one-shot proposé par Bonazzoli, Haddar et Vu (2022), utilisant la descente de gradient pour la minimisation et un solveur itératif stationnaire préconditionné par une méthode de Schwarz additive restreinte optimisée pour les problèmes direct et adjoint, est testée et son coût mesuré en nombre d’itérations directes et adjointes. Ensuite, une méthode de Gauss-Newton fondée sur le paradigme one-shot et une descente de gradient adaptative est introduite et comparée à d’autres algorithmes.
Pour l’inversion du problème inverse linéarisé, les résultats indiquent que le paradigme multi-step one-shot pourrait permettre de converger avec un nombre réduit d’itérations des solveurs direct et adjoint pour une taille de pas donnée, tout en augmentant la robustesse au choix de cette taille. La méthode de Barzilai-Borwein est introduite pour l’adaptation de la taille de pas et s’avère robuste face aux gradients estimés par la méthode one-shot, si un nombre suffisant d’itérations directes et adjointes est effectué. L’algorithme de Gauss-Newton résultant pour l’inversion du problème inverse complet présente des performances comparables aux méthodes de pointe actuelles
À domicile ou en maison de repos : analyser l’impact sur la santé et le bien-être
No full textLe vieillissement et la crise du COVID-19 ont mis en lumière les limites des maisons de repos, notamment en termes de mortalité et de bien-être.
L’étude utilise les données de l’enquête CARE (France, 2015-2016), croisées avec les données administratives de mortalité, pour comparer les personnes âgées à domicile et en institution.
Grâce à une méthode de propensity score matching, les résultats montrent que les résidents en maison de repos ont de meilleurs résultats de santé (mortalité plus faible, moins d’hospitalisations, moins de chutes, meilleure santé auto-évaluée).
En revanche, leur bien-être subjectif est plus bas : davantage d’insatisfaction, de nervosité et de manque de calme.
Enfin, les différences sont marquées selon le type d’établissement : les maisons de repos publiques affichent de meilleurs résultats de santé que les privées, mais le déficit de bien-être reste commun à l’institutionnalisation.3. Good health and well-being10. Reduced inequalitie
Questionnaires ComPare et COOP Charts pour investigation du Long covid
No full textCes deux questionnaires sont utilisés dans la Recherche sur le Long Covid. Le questionnaire ComPaRe permet d'identifier les symptômes. Les Coop charts permettent l'évaluation par le patient de son état fonctionne
The heterogeneous response of financial uncertainty to monetary policy
No full textUnderstanding monetary policy transmission to financial markets is crucial for policymakers and investors, but existing literature focuses on first-order effects and market-wide aggregated measures. To address this gap, the present paper investigates the responses of asset class-specific financial uncertainty to distinct dimensions of monetary policy shocks. We conduct our analysis with a Bayesian extended stochastic volatility model, allowing for the effect of monetary policy shocks on second-order moments used to compute our uncertainty measures. Then, we decompose monetary policy shocks into changes in the yield curve's level, slope, and curvature during a high-frequency time window around policy announcements, refining previous approaches relying on daily changes. Applying this approach to a wide array of 47 sovereign bonds, corporate bonds, stocks, and exchange rates in the euro area, we document heterogeneous and persistent effects of these shocks on asset-specific financial uncertainty