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Beyond the Call for Transparency. YouTube's Recommandation Algorithm Reconsidered.
No full textpeer reviewedFor some years now, YouTube's algorithm has been criticized for its lack of transparency. A considerable body of research has taken up this criticism in an attempt, from a media-educational perspective, to uncover the functioning and ideological biases that govern the selection of targeted outputs on users' screens. Starting from this imperative of transparency, i.e., of making the algorithm’s operating principles visible, this article aims to trace the contours of another take on the algorithm, one that no longer calls for the vizibilization of its mechanisms, but reconsiders it, beyond its opacity, as a producer of visibility of new iconological links between the materials it organizes
Attrapez-les tous ! Une histoire de capture de sangliers sauvages dans le cadre d'un abattage sanitaire pendant la crise de la peste porcine africaine (PPA) en Belgique."
No full textpeer reviewedIn September 2018, African Swine Fever (ASF) was detected in wild boars in Wallonia, Belgium, leading to concerns about the spread of the disease among both wild and domestic pigs. As a response, the government and scientific experts decided to cull the entire wild boar population in the contaminated area to create a “white zone” free of the disease and reduce the population in the surrounding regions. This crisis not only challenged the effectiveness of traditional hunting as a population control method but also highlighted the evolving human–wildlife dynamics that ensue during environmental crises. The chapter focuses on trapping as a key method used in this eradication effort, examining its development, refinement, and arising issues. It details how hunters, in collaboration with administrative agents, experienced and learned from these new practices in a joint trajectory along with the wild boars being trapped. Indeed, the text emphasizes trapping’s effectiveness in reducing wild boar populations while acknowledging the agency of the boars, which resist and influence the trapping process. This multi-species approach highlights the interaction between humans and animals, presenting boars as active participants rather than passive targets
Martin Schongauer (vers 1445-1491) / Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) : un demi-siècle d’une filiation indirecte
Full text linkpeer reviewedL’influence de Martin Schongauer sur Albrecht Dürer est l’affaire
d’une vie. De son apprentissage chez Michael Wolgemut jusqu’à ses
oeuvres tardives, Dürer emprunte sans cesse à celui qui fut son maître
indirect, bien qu’il ne l’eût jamais rencontré. Pourtant une solide filiation
artistique unit les deux hommes et se reflète dans l’assimilation du style
et du vocabulaire technique de Schongauer chez le jeune Dürer. Si ce
dernier s’en détache, à mesure qu’il trouve son propre langage artistique,
il ne cesse de tordre, d’adapter et d’ajuster les inventions formelles de
Schongauer à ses propres créations. Celles-ci deviennent à leur tour
une source inépuisable d’inspiration pour une nouvelle génération de
graveurs (Hans Schäufelin, Hans Wechtlin, Lucas Cranach, etc.) dont les
oeuvres continuent de refléter, par l’intermédiaire de Dürer, les modèles
schongaueriens.Martin Schongauer’s artistic influence on Albrecht Dürer lasted for his
whole career. From his apprenticeship with Michael Wolgemut to his
very last works, Dürer continually borrowed from his predecessor, not
directly but from his art production, as Dürer never had the opportunity
to meet Schongauer. This strong artistic filiation is reflected in the young
Dürer’s assimilation of Schongauer’s style and graphic language; and,
if he progressively distinguishes from it as he acquires his own artistic
style, he keeps adapting, adjusting, twisting Schongauer’s inventions in
his compositions. They become essential models for a new generation of
printmakers such as Hans Schäufelin, Hans Wechtlin and Lucas Cranach
the Elder, whose creations continue to show Schongauer’s motives but
through the mediation of Dürer
Lattice thermal conductivity and anharmonic phonon properties in the mode coupling approach
Full text linkAssessing Forest Degradation in the Congo Basin: The Need to Broaden the Focus from Logging to Small-Scale Agriculture (A Systematic Review)
Full text linkpeer reviewedWhile the methods for monitoring deforestation are relatively well established, there is still no compromise on those for forest degradation. We propose here a systematic review on studies about forest degradation in the Congo Basin. Our analysis focused on seven key anthropogenic causes of forest degradation. Shifting agriculture emerged as the most significant driver, accounting for 61% ± 28.58% (mean ± SD) of canopy opening, 73.16% ± 16.88% aboveground carbon loss, and 30.37% ± 30.67% of tree species diversity loss over a 5–60-year period. Our analysis reveals a significant disconnect. Only 29% of the reviewed studies address this driver, while over 64% focus primarily on the consequences of industrial timber harvesting. Despite its comparatively minor contribution to degradation, with effects range from only 8.98% ± 13.63% of canopy opening, 14.79% ± 22.21 aboveground carbon loss, and 4.27 ± 21.07 tree species diversity loss over 1–20 years. Indeed, most of the methods focus on detecting changes in canopy structure associated with forest logging over a short period (0–5 years). These illustrate the need for a shift in focus in scientific research towards innovative methods, which can be developed over time, to monitor the various impacts of all causes of forest degradation
Probiotics, gut microbiota, and brain health: Exploring therapeutic pathways
Full text linkpeer reviewedThe gut microbiome plays a significant role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) function and modulating the gut-brain axis, which describes the bidirectional communication between the GI tract and the central nervous system (CNS). Its involvement in digestion, immunity, and neurophysiology is well recognized. This study offers novel insights by focusing on psychobiotics, a class of probiotics with targeted neuroactive properties. These microorganisms influence brain function through defined mechanisms, including modulation of neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter production (GABA, serotonin), regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and vagus nerve signaling. Our work critically examines recent advances in applications of psychobiotics for neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and autism spectrum disorder. By integrating evidence from microbiome research, neuroimmunology, and clinical studies, 50
Parasitism as a Long-Lasting Interaction-First Evidence From Paleozoic Corals
No full textpeer reviewedThe peak of reef development in the middle Paleozoic (Silurian-Devonian) resulted in a dense network of interactions between corals and their symbionts. Due to their skeletonization, fossil corals and sponges preserved past interspecific relationships very effectively. Macrosymbionts of typical Paleozoic reef builders-corals and stromatoporoid sponges were traditionally interpreted as their commensals or parasites, despite their unclear systematic affinities. While the interpretations of parasitism were mostly based on alterations of the host's skeleton, one of the important features of parasitism, its long duration, remained unevidenced so far. Here we report on a Middle Devonian (approx. 395 Ma) alveolitid coral (Anthozoa: Tabulata), Mariusilites sp. (from Ardennes, Belgium), hosting numerous extracellular metazoan endosymbionts (Torquaysalpinx sp.) and displaying growth banding. The host (coral) growth banding allows an estimate of its growth rate as 3-4 mm per year, and as a result, the duration of the interaction appeared to be at least more than a year. The long duration of the interaction, together with the host's skeletal modification, suggests that these endosymbionts were parasites. This is the first case where the duration (longevity) of the parasitism can be determined in the hosting Paleozoic bioconstructing organisms. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Symmetric Absolutely Separable states
Full text linkThis talk explores recent advances in the study of multiqubit symmetric states. We first investigate the maximal entanglement achievable under symmetry-preserving unitary transformations, quantified via negativity. Next, we introduce novel separability criteria for symmetric states, addressing the problem of absolute separability. Finally, we examine the relationship between absolutely separable and absolutely positive partial transposed (PPT) states in the symmetric case, discussing their equivalence. These results provide deeper insights into the entanglement and separability structure of symmetric quantum states
Recensione a E. Orlando, G. Ortalli (a c. di), Dimensioni istituzionali del Commonwealth veneziano (secoli XIV-XVII) (Venezia: Istituto Veneto di Scienze Lettere e Arti, 2024)
Full text linkpeer reviewedDiplomatiCon: A Connected History of Medieval Mediterranean Diplomac