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Carrying out a state of the art/literature review. Presentation & Mini-exercises.
Full text linkL’état de l’art correspond à une synthèse scientifique écrite des connaissances/savoirs/ informations précédemment publiés par rapport à un domaine/sujet/question particulier/précis. L’« état de l’art » est aussi appelé « état des connaissances » ou « revue de la littérature ». En anglais on parlera de « state of the art » ou de “literature review”. Présentation & Mini-exercices
Primary and Secondary Variants of Callous-Unemotional Traits in Early and Middle Childhood: Distinction, Evaluation and Empathic Differences.
No full textpeer reviewedCurrent literature demonstrates the relevance of considering two variants of CU traits based on high or low levels of anxiety. However, there is limited information about these variants in young community samples. The current study used cluster analyses to investigate the primary and the secondary variants of CU traits in two samples of children: preschool (N = 107; Mage = 4.95, SD = 0.62) and school-age (N = 153; Mage = 7.49, SD = 1.11). The identified clusters were compared on empathic dimensions, aggressive behavior and criteria from the "with limited prosocial emotions" specifier from the DSM-V. The primary variant was identified as early as preschool age while the secondary variant was only identified in the school-age sample. In this latter sample, the two variants did not differ on assessed variables, except for aggressive behavior. Despite the similarities between the two variants, these results suggest distinct developmental trajectories
Enjeux écologiques et citoyens de la définition patrimoniale des hybrides, le cas de la Boucle Noire à Charleroi
Full text linkpeer reviewedLes paysages du croissant industriel ouest-européen sont marqués par la présence de nombreux terrils, héritages d’une intense activité minière aujourd’hui éteinte. Laissées à l’abandon, ces montagnes de déchets ont été colonisées par une vie biologique et divers usages citoyens. La problématique de leur valorisation révèle leur nature hybride : sont-ils des sites biologiques à préserver de la présence humaine, des espaces disponibles à l’émancipation populaire ou des objets de la mémoire ouvrière à conserver intacts ? Cette problématique renvoie aux controverses sur l’avenir de la ville industrielle, partagée entre tentations de muséification et régénération de communs dans les espaces en friche. Cette contribution s’attache a questionner les possibilités ouvertes par le Cultural Values Model proposé par Janet Stephenson, pour valoriser et protéger ces éléments du paysage sur un mode compatible avec le respect et l’émancipation des populations qui y vivent.11. Sustainable cities and communitie
Die Konstitutionalisierung der Wirtschaft in Frankreich, Deutschland und Belgien: Unantastbarkeitserklärung der Marktordnung, Rationalisierung des Sozialstaats
No full textpeer reviewedIn legal literature, a specific theory prevails on the issue of the economic order accepted or imposed by supreme norms: the economic neutrality of national constitutions. The constitutional orders of European states would be mostly open to various options of economic policy, be they more interventionist or more liberal, depending on the choices made by the elected lawmakers. This thesis of ‘economic neutrality’ is attractive: it is straightforward and consistent with the position of judicial self-restraint put forward by the constitutional courts themselves.
Nevertheless, it remains superficial – at least for the German, French and Belgian legal orders. Even leaving aside the (albeit decisive) influence of EU law, the interpretation given to both economic liberties and social rights most often reveals a neoliberal mindset. Enshrined by constitutional courts through classical economic liberties, the market order is used by these same supreme courts as a ‘factual constraint’ that justifies the ongoing rationalisation of the social state.Dans la littérature juridique, une thèse spécifique prévaut sur la question de l'ordre économique accepté ou imposé par les normes suprêmes : la neutralité économique des constitutions nationales. Les ordres constitutionnels des États européens seraient majoritairement ouverts à diverses options de politique économique, qu'elles soient plus interventionnistes ou plus libérales, selon les choix posés par les législateurs élus. Cette thèse de la ‘neutralité économique’ apparaît séduisante : elle est simple à comprendre et cohérente avec la position de retenue judiciaire affichée par les cours constitutionnelles elles-mêmes.
Néanmoins, elle demeure superficielle - du moins pour les ordres juridiques allemand, français et belge. Même en faisant abstraction de l'influence (pourtant déterminante) du droit de l'Union européenne, l'interprétation des libertés économiques et des droits sociaux révèle le plus souvent un référentiel néolibéral. Consacré par les cours constitutionnelles à travers les libertés économiques classiques, l'ordre du marché est utilisé par ces mêmes cours suprêmes comme une ‘contrainte factuelle’ qui justifie la rationalisation continue de l'État social
Weighted tensorized fractional Brownian textures
Full text linkpeer reviewedThis paper presents a new model of textures, obtained as realizations of a new class of fractional Brownian fields. These fields, called weighted tensorized fractional Brownian fields, are obtained by a relaxation of the tensor-product structure that appears in the definition of fractional Brownian sheets. Statistical properties such as self-similarity, stationarity of rectangular increments and regularity properties are obtained. An operator
scaling extension is defined and we provide simulations of the fields using their spectral representation.Nous présentons un nouveau modèle de textures obtenues comme réalisations de champs appelés champs browniens fractionnaires pondérément tensorisés. Ils sont obtenus par une relaxation de la structure de produit tensoriel qui apparaît dans la définition des draps browniens fractionnaires. Des propriétés statistiques de ces champs, telles que l’auto-similarité, la stationnarité des accroissements rectangulaires, sont obtenues. Une généralisation à des champs à auto-similarité matricielle est proposée et des simulations basées sur la représentation spectrale sont effectuées
Integration of offshore energy into national energy system: a case study on Belgium
Full text linkpeer reviewedOffshore wind farms are typically connected to the mainland via HVAC or HVDC lines. Another possibility to transmit energy is using molecules instead of electricity which may lead to reduced cost and better storage opportunities. This paper proposes a multi-carrier (natural gas, electricity and hydrogen) model of the Belgium energy system in 2050, under carbon neutrality constraint, to assess whether an energy mix should contain offshore hydrogen production. While HV lines remain the main way of transmitting energy from the offshore farm to mainland, the results show that depending on the renewable capacities, the distance between the wind farm and the coast, and the price of hydrogen import, producing H offshore could be beneficial
A unified definition of hosting capacity, applications and review
Full text linkpeer reviewedOver the past decade, the landscape of distribution network hosting capacity has been extensively explored through numerous studies. However, a notable gap remains in the absence of a standardised and universally accepted generic definition. Bridging this gap, this paper provides a comprehensive and unified definition of the hosting capacity concept for distributed energy resources (DERs). To illustrate the presented definition, a practical demonstration using a basic illustrative example is provided. Additionally, this paper aligns the most impactful papers in the field, as well as select literature articles, with the proposed definition. This comparative analysis showcases the versatility and applicability of the definition across a spectrum of research contributions. This paper seeks to establish a shared foundation for the determination of hosting capacity that can guide future research.7. Affordable and clean energ
Solid‐state fermentation pro‐enzymes supplementation benefits growth performance, health, and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens fed wheat‐based diet
No full textpeer reviewedAbstractWheat as a kind of diet material can be used for broiler production. However, due to non‐starch polysaccharides in wheat, wheat may lead to lower growth performance and worth health. To reverse the negative effect, solid‐state fermentation pro‐enzymes were added. In this experiment, growth performance, intestinal health‐related genes, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and intestinal microbiota were detected to find the effects of wheat meal and combined with enzymes on broiler chickens from 15 to 42 days of age. A total of 432 1‐day‐old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were fed corn‐based diet (CD) for 14 days as the preparation stage of the experiment. Then, they were randomly divided into three groups and fed three different kinds of diets which were corn‐based diet (CD group), wheat‐based diet (WD group), and SFP enzymes supplementation in WD (Enzymes+Wheat‐based diet group). The results showed that compared with broilers in CD group, broilers in WD group had lower weight gain and higher Feed conversion ratio (p 0.05). Moreover, SFP enzymes decreased the spleen index (p < 0.05). Wheat also had trends to decrease the expression of ZO‐1 (p = 0.096) and increase the concentrations of acetate (p < 0.05), butyrate (p < 0.05) and total SCFAs (p < 0.05), in which SFP enzymes caused the opposite results except for butyrate, and SFP enzymes even increased the expression of ZO‐1 (p < 0.001) and OCCLUDIN (p = 0.075) and decreased the expression of TNF‐α (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, wheat enhanced the abundances of Barnesiella and Bifidobacterium (p < 0.05) and inhibited the abundances of Flavonifractor, Sellimonas, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Subdoligranulum, and Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group (p < 0.05), and SFP enzymes could reverse the negative effects, and the changes in microbiota could explain the other different parameters. Collectively, wheat results in inflammation and worse growth performance, but SFP enzymes supplementation in WD benefits chickens' growth performance by improving intestinal barrier function, decreasing inflammation, modulating cecal microbiota and SCFAs production
