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Exploring grade 9 rural learners’ errors in algebraic fractions in Vuwani, Limpopo Province
No full textThis study employed an interpretivist paradigm to explore the errors made by Grade 9 learners while working with algebraic fractions, utilising a qualitative approach through a multiple case study design involving ten learners from Vuwani, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The research aimed to identify specific errors and procedural misunderstandings that hinder learners' proficiency in algebraic fractions. Data were collected through written tests and post-test semi-structured interviews, allowing for an in-depth understanding of learners' thought processes and the factors contributing to their errors. The findings of this study reveal consistent patterns of misunderstandings among Grade 9 learners, particularly in the areas of conjoining errors, difficulties with identifying the lowest common denominator (LCD), and procedural mistakes in cross-multiplication. These errors hindered learners' ability to simplify and solve algebraic expressions accurately and reflect deeper cognitive processes that warrant attention. The learners' reflective comments provided insights into their cognitive processes, highlighting the importance of addressing these errors through targeted teaching strategies. This study contributes to the existing literature on mathematics education by emphasising the need for a deeper understanding of learners' experiences and the contextual factors influencing their learning, ultimately informing teaching practices aimed at enhancing algebraic competence among learners. It highlights the need for teachers to adopt a more nuanced approach to teaching algebraic concepts, thereby enhancing learners' algebraic competence and fostering a more robust understanding of mathematical principles. Further studies could explore the impact of specific instructional strategies and technology integration on learners' algebraic competence across diverse cultural and socio-economic contexts.M.A. (Mathematics Education)Department of Mathematics Educatio
Feminisation of migration : the presentation of women migrants and refugees in contemporary South African theatre
No full textAbstracts in English, Zulu and AfrikaansHistorically, migration has been viewed as primarily a male activity; however, women
have increasingly become active migrants. In the South African context, evidence
suggests that during the apartheid era, women migrated from rural areas to cities in search
of employment or a better life. Theatre makers such as Gcina Mhlophe and Phyllis Klotz
have effectively depicted these women’s urban experiences in their plays, Have You Seen
Zandile? (1988) and You Strike the Woman You Strike the Rock (1994). In the postapartheid
era, South Africa experienced an increase in both rural-urban migration or
internal migration, and cross-border migration, particularly from neighbouring sub-
Saharan countries. Notably, evidence indicates that this period also saw a rise in female
migration, both from rural areas to cities and from outside South Africa, a trend referred
to as the feminisation of migration. The study revealed that rural-urban migrant women
and cross-border migrant women face various forms of discrimination due to their
migrant status, gender, race, nationality, educational background and challenges posed by
the patriarchal system. Additionally, it was found that female cross-border migrants are
particularly vulnerable to various forms of xenophobia. The aim of this study, therefore,
was to examine a selection of contemporary South African plays from a feminist
perspective to determine how women migrants and refugees are represented.
Employing the theory of intersectional feminism, the study sought to reveal how the
depiction of women migrants and refugees in the selected plays reflects their position in
post-apartheid South Africa. It aimed to determine how the portrayal of women migrants
and refugees reflects and critiques the current political climate regarding the rights of
migrant women. The study explores how feminist theory has influenced the portrayal of
women migrants and refugees in the selected South African plays, as well as how the
feminisation of migration in Africa has changed the position of women.Ngokomlando, ukufuduka kwabantu bekuyisenzo esibonakala senziwa abantu besilisa;
nokho-ke, nabesifazane nabo baya ngokuya bebonakala befuduka. NgokwaseNingizimu
Afrika, ubufakazi buveza ukuthi ngesikhathi sobandlululo, abesifazane babesuka
ezindaweni zasemakhaya ngenhloso yokuthola umsebenzi noma impilo engcono.
Abadidiyeli bemidlalo yeshashalazi abafana noGcina Mhlophe kanye noPhyllis Klotz
bakuveza ngokusobala lokhu kufudukela emadolobheni kwabesifazane emidlalweni
yabo ethi: Have You Seen Zandile? (1988) kanye nothi: You Strike the Woman You
Strike the Rock (1994). Ngesikhathi sobandlululo, iNingizimu Afrika yabhekana
nokwanda kwabantu besuka ezindaweni zasemakhaya befudukela emadolobheni, noma
ukufuduka kwangaphakathi ezweni, kanye nokufudukela kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulu
emazweni angomakhelwane asesub-Sahara. Okuqaphelekayo, ubufakazi bukhomba
ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi saphinde sabona ukwanda kokufuduka kwabesifazane, besuka
ezindaweni zasemakhaya beya emadolobheni nangaphandle kweNingizimu Afrika,
okuyindlela ebizwa ngokuthi ukufuduka kwabantu besifazane. Lolu cwaningo luveza
ukuthi abesifazane abafudukayo ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni kanjalo
nakwamanye amazwe babhekana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokucwaswa ngenxa yesimo
sabo sokufuduka, ubulili, ubuhlanga, ubuzwe, isizinda semfundo kanye nezinselelo
ezibangelwa yisimo sokuzaleka. Ukwengeza, kutholakale nokuthi abesifazane
abafudukayo bawele imingcele basengozini enkulu yezinhlobo ezahlukene zokucwaswa
kwabokufika. Ngakho-ke, inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuhlola imidlalo
yeshashalazi ethile yaseNingizimu Afrika ngokombono wabesifazane ukuze kutholakale
ukuthi ngakube bameleleke kanjani abesifazane abafudukayo kanye nababaleke
emazweni abo. Ngokusebenzisa izibonkaliso ngezifundo ezibhekene ne intersectional feminism,
ucwaningo belufuna ukuveza ukuthi baphethwe kanjani abesifazane abafudukayo kanye
nababaleke emazweni abo kusetshenziswa imidlalo ethile yeshashalazi nokuveza isimo
sabo ngemuva kobandlululo lwaseNingizimu Afrika. Lolu cwaningo beluhlose ukuveza
indlela okubukwa ngayo abesifazane abafudukayo kanye nababaleka emazwe abo
kuphinde kugxekwe isimo sezepolitiki esikhona mayelana namalungelo abafuduki
besifazane. Lolu cwaningo lubheka ukuthi itiyori ulwazi ngezimfundo ezibhekene
nabesifazane ibe nomthelela kanjani ngokubukwa kwabesifazane abafudukile kanye
nababaleke emazweni abo kusetshenziswa imidlalo yeshashalazi ethile yaseNingizimu Afrika, kanye nokuthi ukufuduka kwabantu besifazane e-Afrika kusiguqule kanjani
isimo sabesifazane.Histories beskou word migrasie hoofsaaklik as ’n manlike aktiwiteit gesien; maar vroue
het toenemend aktiewe migrante geword. In die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks dui bewyse
daarop dat vroue gedurende die apartheidsera van landelike gebiede na stede gemigreer
het op soek na werksgeleenthede of ’n beter lewe. Teatermakers soos Gcina Mhlophe en
Phyllis Klotz het hierdie vroue se stedelike ervarings in hulle toneelstukke, Have you
seen Zandile? (1988) en You strike the Woman you strike the Rock (1994), uitgebeeld. In
die postapartheidsera het Suid-Afrika ’n toename in migrasie van die platteland na die
stede of interne migrasie ervaar, veral oorgrensmigrasie, in die besonder van
aangrensende sub-Saharalande. Dit is opmerklik dat bewyse aan die hand doen dat
hierdie tydperk ook ’n toename in vroulike migrasie, van landelike gebiede sowel na as
die stede en van buite Suid-Afrika af getoon het, ’n tendens waarna as die vervrouliking
van migrasie verwys word. Hierdie studie het gewys dat landelikstedelikemigrantevroue
en oorgrensmigrantevroue uiteenlopende vorms van
diskriminasie ervaar vanweë hulle migrantestatus, geslag, ras, nasionaliteit,
opvoedkundige agtergrond en uitdagings wat deur die partriagale stelsel daargestel word. Daar is boonop ook bevind dat vroue-oorgrensmigrante besonder kwesbaar vir verskeie
vorms van xenofobie is. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om ’n verskeidenheid
eietydse Suid-Afrikaanse toneelstukke vanuit ’n feministiese perspektief te bestudeer
om vas te stel hoe vrouemigrante en -vlugtelinge verteenwoordig word.
Deur die teorie van interseksionele feminisme te gebruik, wou die studie wys hoe die
uitbeelding van vrouemigrante en -vlugtelinge in die gekose toneelstukke hierdie vroue
se posisie in postapartheid-Suid-Afrika weerspieël. Dit ten doel om vas te stel hoe die
uitbeelding van vrouemigrante en -vlugtelinge in die huidige politieke klimaat ten opsigte van die regte van vrouemigrante weergegee en beskou word. Die studie ontgin
hoe die feministeteorie die uitbeelding van vroumigrante en -vlugtelinge in die gekose
Suid-Afrikaanse toneeelstukke beïnvloed het, asook hoe die vervrouliking van migrasie
in Afrika die posisie van vroue verander het.Ph. D. (Theory of Literature)Linguistics and Modern Language
The role of community learning centres in the empowerment of youth towards employment or self-employment - Gauteng province
No full textText in EnglishThe Community Learning Centres remain strategic institutions that can be the catalysts in turning the wheels of unemployment around. Hence offering skills that serve as enablers for employment or self-employment initiatives remains an essential role for these institutions. Seemingly, these CLCs are not fulfilling their mandate, as the unemployment rate keeps rising, whilst most alumni from these centres lack skills that make them employable. This study sought to understand the role of CLCs in empowering the youth with relevant skills towards setting them up for employment or self-employment.
Three convenience community learning centres in three regions of Gauteng province, South Africa, were probed using a qualitative interpretive paradigm. Purposive sampling yielded 39 participants comprising individual interviews with centre managers, focus-group discussions with the lectures and learners per group, observations, document analysis, and field notes journalling were employed to collect data. Thematic approach was used to analysis and interpret the data. Ethical issues were considered. This included seeking permission in advance, and discussing issues of informed consent with the participants, which included the right to anonymity and confidentiality.
The findings revealed that the explored community learning centres were not offering programmes that fulfilled their mandate, leaving learners without requisite skills to earn them employment or initiate self-employment ideas. Again, the Community Colleges in the region under study were only able to repeat academic subjects and lacked the ability to teach skills for the world of work. To that end, many young people without jobs did not support the high school programmes offered by these CLCs since they did not meet their education needs. It can, therefore, be concluded from the study that little was done by the CLCs to curtail the high unemployment rate among the youths. Consequently, the study recommends that offering practical skills in ACET programmes is necessary to prepare out of school youths for jobs or self-employment. Hence the strategies for effective CLCs are offered.Curriculum and Instructional Studie
Epidemiology of preventable factors for non-communicable diseases among adult populations of Hawassa town, Ethiopia
No full textThe purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiology of preventable factors for non-communicable diseases among the adult population of Hawassa town, Ethiopia. A mixed-method convergent study design was employed to describe the magnitude of behavioural and biological preventable factors for NCDs. Moreover, this study assessed the status of knowledge, attitude, practice, and perception regarding NCDs and preventable factors. A total of 1,113 participants were included in the quantitative research. Likewise, three (3) focus group discussions with nine (9) members of each was engaged for the qualitative aspect of the study. The quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured using Omron digital blood pressure apparatus and fasting blood sugar test was done using AutoCode digital apparatus. Likewise, focus group discussion was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, practice, and perception for NCDs and preventable factors. Version 26.0 of SPSS software is used to analyze quantitative data. Likewise, content analysis method employed for qualitative data. Furthermore, a concurrent parallel mixed method approach was applied to understand the epidemiology of preventable risk factors for NCDs among adult population of Hawassa town, Ethiopia. Additionally, integration was done through convergence of the quantitative analysis findings with five emergent themes utilizing a joint display analysis approach. Likewise, a comparison was done in order to draw conclusion. The prevalence of NCDs showed 16.3% of hypertension and 14.4% for diabetes mellitus. Close to 8.1% and 22.1% of study participants were reported as currently smoking cigarettes or pipe and used to consume alcohol, respectively. Moreover, ever chewed khat was 19.5%. Likewise, overweight and obesity was 22.6%. Besides, the overall proportion of level of knowledge was 60.1% and 55.4% for diabetes and hypertension, respectively. Notably, sex, educational status, less than 5 fruits servings, ever chewed khat and Body Mass Index (BMI) were independent predictors of diabetes. Moreover, age, marital status, ever chewed khat and BMI were associated with hypertension. In terms of educational attainment, illiterate, read and write and medium cycle were independent predictor of diabetes. The qualitative emergent theme "very low health seeking behaviour" supports the findings. Likewise, less than five fruits servings were associated with diabetes. The emergent topic "economic and financial problem" supported the finding that fewer than five servings of fruits were consumed. Moreover, overweight and obesity (BMI) was independent predictor of both diabetes and hypertension which is supported by the emergent theme "gaps towards benefits of physical exercise." Additionally, the emerging "spiritual benefit" supports the mindset and practice of religious fasting. Furthermore, attitude, Knowledge and practice of physical exercise is concordant with the emergent them "Knowledge gap towards the benefit of physical exercise." Age, sex and marital status were not substantiated by emergent themes. For NCDs, a risk identification model is also created. Evidence-based risk variables associated with both diabetes and hypertension serve as indicators for timely public health preventative initiatives that enhance community-level diabetes screening. Additionally, identifying triggers for lifestyle changes, routine examinations, and case follow-up. Similarly, a public awareness effort is needed to mainstream risk communication for diabetes and hypertension. Furthermore, our mixed-methods synthesis demonstrated a deeper comprehension of the epidemiology of NCD risk variables.Ph. D. (Public Health)Health Studie
An anthropological focus on cannabis policy in South Africa : stakeholder perspectives on its therapeutic, industrial, recreational, and economic potential(s) and challenges
No full textAbstracts in English, Sesotho and AfrikaansThis study encompasses an anthropological investigation of cannabis policy development in South Africa with a particular focus on stakeholder perspectives on its recreational, therapeutic, industrial, and socio-economic potentials and associated challenges. Despite nearly a century of prohibition, cannabis use persists widely in South Africa, and has diffused into numerous subcultures over time. The study focuses on the views of a broad demographic intersection of cannabis stakeholders in South Africa straddling numerous categories including both legacy and novel users, cultivators, sellers, entrepreneurs, NGO’s, activist groups, indigenous knowledge representatives, academics, researchers, and policy makers. Stakeholder perspectives are explored through a combination of ethnography, hermeneutic phenomenology and grounded theory approaches to record and analyse the temporal, spatial, social, political, and economic aspects constituting cannabis culture(s) through its cultivation, use, and trade. The study is historically contextualised by considering the plant’s broader history and prohibition in South Africa from the late 19th century onwards, including contemporary decriminalisation and re-legalisation campaigns. Finally, the implications of current regulatory reforms for sustainability and equitable participation of a broad intersection of stakeholders in the local and international cannabis sector are considered.Dinyakišišo tše di akaretša diphatišišo ka ga ditšhaba le ditšo tša tšona le go tšwelela ga melawana ya matekwane ka Afrika Borwa, go nepišitšwe ka fao go kgethegilego maikutlo a batšeakarolo ka ga bokgoni bja lona bja go tša boitapološo, go kalafo, go intasteri le go ekonomi ya setšhaba, gammogo le ditlhohlo tše di amanago le lona. Ka ntle le gore le be le ileditšwe mengwaga ye lekgolo, tšhomišo ya matekwane e tšwela pele go phatlalala ka Afrika Borwa gomme le phatlaletše ka ditšong tša ka fasana mo nakong ye e fetilego. Dinyakišišo di nepišitše go batšeakarolo ba mehutahuta bao ba fapanego ba matekwane ka Afrika Borwa bao ba arogantšwego ka magoro a mmalwa, go akaretšwa bobedi bašomiši ba lona ba kgale le ba baswa, babjadi ba lona, barekiši, bahlomi ba kgwebo ya lona, mekgatlo ye e sego ya mmušo, dihlopha tša balweladitokelo, baemedi ba tsebo ya setlogo, dirutegi, banyakišiši le bahlami ba melao. Maikutlo a batšeakarolo a lekolwa ka go diriša mohlakanelwa wa ditšo le ditlwaedi tša batho, teori le tirišo le tlhamoteori, e lego tšeo di kgontšhago go gatišwa le go sekaseka ga dikarolo tša lebakanyana, tša sekgoba, tša leago, tša sepolotiki le tša ekonomi tšeo di bopago setlwaedi(ditlwaedi) sa tirišo ya matekwane ka go le bjala, go le šomiša le go le rekiša. Dinyakišišo di bea maemong a histori ka go latišiša histori ya matekwane ka kakaretšo le kiletšo ya lona ka Afrika Borwa go tloga ka mengwageng ya go ya mafelelong a bo ngwagakgolo wa bo 19 go ya pele, go akaretšwa masolo a lehono a gore tšhomišo ya lona e se sa ba bosenyi le gore go be molaong leswa. Mafelelong, dinyakišišo di lekola dipeakanyoleswa tša bjale tša melao gore le šomišwe go ya go ile le gore go be le go kgatha tema ka go lekana go ralala le makala ka bophara a batšeakarolo ka go bobedi makala a matekwane a ka nageng le a boditšhabatšhaba.Hierdie studie omsluit ’n antropologiese ondersoek na die ontwikkeling van ’n daggabeleid in Suid-Afrika met besondere fokus op die perspektiewe van belanghebbendes, die ontspannings-, terapeutiese, industriële en sosioekonomiese potensiaal, sowel as die verwante uitdagings. In weerwil van ’n verbod wat oor bykans ’n eeu strek, bly die gebruik van dagga wydverspreid in Suid-Afrika en het dit met verloop van tyd talle subkulture deurdring. Die studie fokus op die sienings van ’n breë demografiese kruising van belanghebbendes in die daggasektor in Suid-Afrika. Die belanghebbendes strek oor verskeie kategorieë, insluitend beide ouer en nuwe gebruikers, verbouers, verkopers, entrepreneurs, nie-regeringsorganisasies, aktivisgroepe, verteenwoordigers van inheemse kennis, akademici, navorsers en beleidmakers. Belanghebbendes se perspektiewe is deur middel van ’n kombinasie van etnografie, hermeneutiese fenomenologie en gegronde teorie ondersoek. Dit het die opname en ontleding van die tydelike, ruimtelike, sosiale, politiese en ekonomiese aspekte moontlik gemaak wat daggakultuur(e) se verbouing, gebruik en handel insluit. Die studie is histories gekontekstualiseer deur die breër geskiedenis van dagga en die verbod daarop in Suid-Afrika vanaf die laat 19de eeu en daarna, insluitend hedendaagse dekriminalisering en herwettigingsveldtogte na te speur. Ten slotte verken die studie die implikasies van huidige regulatoriese hervormings vir die volhoubaarheid en billike deelname oor ’n breë deursnit van belanghebbendes in beide plaaslike en internasionale daggasektore.M.A. (Anthropology)Anthropology and Archaeolog
An exploration of organised automated teller machine bank card fraud in the Western Cape, South Africa
No full textText in English with summaries in English, Afrikaans and XhosaAutomated Teller Machine (ATM) card fraud is a problematic issue in South Africa, posing a threat to financial security and consumer trust. This type of fraud involves unauthorised access to an individual's bank account through stolen or cloned ATM cards. Criminals use various techniques such as card skimming, card trapping, and shoulder surfing to obtain the card details and personal identification numbers of the authentic owner of the bank card. Once in possession of this information, fraudsters can make unauthorised withdrawals or conduct fraudulent transactions, causing financial loss and distress to the victims. The impact of ATM card fraud extends beyond monetary losses, as it can also lead to emotional stress and a loss of confidence in the banking system. Addressing this issue requires a multi-faceted approach involving increased security measures, public awareness campaigns, and collaboration between financial institutions and law enforcement agencies. By understanding the methods used by fraudsters and taking proactive steps to protect personal information, individuals can reduce the risk of falling victim to ATM card fraud. It is in this context that the study sought to explore the nature and extent of organised ATM bank fraud in the Cape Town policing area (CTPA) of the Western Cape Province.
The study adopted the qualitative research approach, congruent with the constructivist philosophical paradigm and its explorative and descriptive case study designs. Data collection began with an extensive review of existing literature, encompassing a comparative study of local and international sources and perspectives regarding approaches and practices by police agencies in the quest to gain insights into ATM bank card fraud. Empirical data was facilitated by means of extensive interviews conducted with sampled participants from the South African Police Service, the National Prosecuting Authority, as well as an international police agency and its prosecuting authority involved in cases of ATM bank card fraud.
The findings of the study revealed the importance of strengthened legislative measures to combat ATM bank card fraud, as well as the necessity of establishing specialised units within the SAPS to address this form of fraudulent activity. This study offers a comprehensive framework of recommendations for the relevant SAPS law enforcement agencies. The goal is to enhance the effectiveness of ATM bankcard fraud investigations, ultimately leading to improved prevention and response strategies.Ubuqhophololo bamakhadi oomatshini bebhanki bokutsala imali (iiATM) ngumba oyingxaki eMzantsi Afrika, obeka isoyikiso kukhuseleko lwemali kunye nentembeko yabasebenzisi. Olu hlobo lobuqhophololo lubandakanya ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kwiakhawunti yomntu yebhanki ngokubiwa okanye ngokwenziwa kwamakhadi afanayo eATM. Abaphulimthetho basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukileyo ezifana nokufaka isixhobo sokuba iinkcukacha zekhadi, ukutshonisa ikhadi, kunye nokukroba ngapha kwasemagxeni ukuze bafumane iinkcukacha zekhadi neenombolo ezikhethekileyo zobuqu zomnini wokwenene wekhadi lebhanki. Xa sele bezifumene ezi nkcukacha, abenzi bobuqhophololo bangakhupha imali ebhankeni ngokungagunyaziswanga okanye benze iintlawulo zobuqhophololo, ezibangela ilahleko yemali kunye nonxunguphalo kumaxhoba. Impembelelo yobuqhophololo bamakhadi eATM idlulela ngaphaya kwelahleko yemali, nanjengoko inokukhokelela kuxinzelelo ngokweemvakalelo kunye nokungathembeki kwenkqubo yebhanki. Ukukhawulelwane nalo mba, kufuneka indlela eneenkalo ezininzi ebandakanya ukwandiswa kwamanyathelo okhuseleko, amaphulo okwazisa uluntu ngobu buqhophololo, nentsebenziswano phakathi kwamaziko emali kunye neearhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho. Abantu bangawunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ngamaxhoba obuqhophololo bamakhadi eATM, ngokwazi iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngabenzi bobuqhophololo kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo asebenzayo ukukhusela iinkcukacha zabo. Kukule meko ke apho injongo yolu phando ibikukuphonononga uhlobo nobuzaza bobuqhophololo obuququzelelweyo beeATM zebhanki kummandla womsebenzi wamapolisa aseKapa (iCTPA) wePhondo leNtshona Koloni.
Kolu phando kusetyenziswe indlela yophandontyilazwi, ehambelana nesikhokelo sengcamango yefilosofi yokudalwa kolwazi nokuqonda ngokwamava okuphila/ezentlalo kunye noyilo lwesifundo ngomzekelo esiphicothayo nesichazayo. Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kuqale ngophononongo olubanzi loncwadi olukhoyo, olubandakanya uphononongo oluthelekisa imithombo neengcamango zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe malunga neendlela kunye neenkqubo zeearhente zamapolisa kumzamo wokufumana ulwazi malunga nobuqhophololo bamakhadi eeATM zebhanki. Idatha yobungqina obubambekayo ngokwamava iye yaququzelelwe ngodliwanondlebe olubanzi oluqhutywe nesampuli yabathathinxaxheba kwiNkonzo yamaPolisa oMzantsi Afrika, uGunyaziwe woTshutshiso weSizwe, kwakunye nearhente yamapolisa yamazwe ngamazwe negunya layo lotshutshiso elibandakanyeka kumatyala obuqhophololo bamakhadi eeATM zebhanki.
Iziphumo zolu phando zibonakalise ukubaluleka kokuphuculwa kwamanyathelo owisomthetho ukulwa ubuqhophololo bamakhadi eeATM zebhanki, kwakunye nemfuneko yokuseka amacandelo akhethekileyo kwiSAPS ukujongana nolu hlobo lwezenzo zobuqhophololo. Olu phando lubonelela ngesikhokelo esibanzi seengcebiso kwiiarhente ezifanelekileyo zonyanzelisomthetho zeSAPS. Injongo kukuphucula ukusebenza kophando lobuqhophololo bamakhadi eeATM zebhanki, ekugqibeleni kukhokelele ekuphuculweni kwezicwangcisoqhinga okanye iindlela zokuthintela nokusabela kolu hlobo lobuqhophololo.Outomatiese-tellermasjien- (OTM-) kaartbedrog is ’n problematiese kwessie in Suid-Afrika, wat ’n bedreiging vir finansiële sekuriteit en verbruikersvertroue inhou. Hierdie tipe bedrog behels ongemagtigde toegang tot ’n individu se bankrekening deur gesteelde of gekloonde OTM-kaarte. Misdadigers gebruik verskeie tegnieke soos kaartaflesing, kaartvasklemming en oor-die-skouer-afloerdery om die kaartbesonderhede en persoonlike identifikasienommers van die outentieke eienaar van die bankkaart te bekom. Sodra bedrieërs in besit is van hierdie inligting, kan hulle ongemagtigde onttrekkings maak of bedrieglike transaksies doen, wat finansiële verlies en nood vir die slagoffers veroorsaak. Die impak van OTM-kaartbedrog strek verder as geldelike verliese, aangesien dit ook kan lei tot emosionele stres en ’n verlies aan vertroue in die bankstelsel. Om hierdie kwessie aan te spreek vereis ’n veelsydige benadering wat verhoogde veiligheidsmaatreëls, openbare bewusmakingsveldtogte en samewerking tussen finansiële instellings en wetstoepassingsagentskappe behels. Deur die metodes wat deur bedrieërs gebruik word te verstaan en proaktiewe stappe te neem om persoonlike inligting te beskerm, kan individue hulle risiko verminder om slagoffers van OTM-kaartbedrog te word. Dit is in hierdie konteks dat die studie gepoog het om die aard en omvang van georganiseerde OTM-bankbedrog in die Kaapstad-polisiëringsgebied van die Wes-Kaap-provinsie te ondersoek.
Die studie het die kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering aanvaar, kongruent met die konstruktivistiese filosofiese paradigma en sy eksploratiewe en beskrywende gevallestudie-ontwerpe. Data-insameling het begin met ’n uitgebreide oorsig van bestaande literatuur, en ’n vergelykende studie van plaaslike en internasionale bronne en perspektiewe met betrekking tot benaderings en praktyke deur polisie-agentskappe om insig in OTM-bankkaartbedrog te kry. Empiriese data is gefasiliteer deur middel van uitgebreide onderhoude wat gevoer is met steekproefdeelnemers van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens, die Nasionale Vervolgingsgesag, sowel as ’n internasionale polisie-agentskap en sy vervolgingsgesag betrokke by gevalle van OTM-bankkaartbedrog.
Die bevindinge van die studie het die belangrikheid van versterkte wetgewende maatreëls om OTM-bankkaartbedrog te bekamp, sowel as die noodsaaklikheid om gespesialiseerde eenhede binne die SAPD te vestig om hierdie vorm van bedrieglike aktiwiteite aan te spreek, aan die lig gebring. Hierdie studie bied ’n omvattende raamwerk van aanbevelings vir die betrokke SAPD-wetstoepassingsagentskappe. Die doel is om die doeltreffendheid van OTM-bankkaartbedrogondersoeke te verbeter, wat uiteindelik kan lei tot verbeterde voorkoming- en reaksiestrategieë.D. Phil. (Criminal Justice)Police Practic
A critical analysis of trade union security arrangements vis-a-vis workers rights to freedom of association under the SA labour law
No full textText in EnglishThis study deals with a critical analysis of trade union security arrangements vis-a-vis workers’ freedom of association under the South African labour law. It examines whether trade union security arrangements violate workers’ freedom of association in the workplace. This is because the right to freedom of association is viewed as a fundamental human right guaranteed to workers worldwide through several instruments. So, this right can only be limited through trade union security arrangements, which must conform to the limitation clause scheme. To achieve the study’s purpose, the study examines the positions of countries such as Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United State of America (USA), which permits the co-existence of both the right to join and not to join a union. In doing so, these countries provide for other forms of non-union employee representation in the workplace, which is widely preferred by those who do not wish to belong to any union. In some cases, workers can form their own association to enter the negotiation table with the employer. Still, they remain contributing towards the agency fee to avoid free riding. A comparative analysis of each of those countries is conducted to select the country with the best practice SA may adopt so that they (SA) can find a solution to trade union security arrangements that violate workers’ rights to freedom of association. Unlike in countries such as Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States America, in South Africa, where trade union security arrangements are in place, workers may not exercise their right not to join the union. This study examine the views of several scholars who support trade union security arrangements and believe that when workers are compelled to join a majority union in the workplace, the principle of majoritarianism is strengthened. In establishing the relevancy of trade unionism in South Africa, this study also deals with the decline of trade union membership, where union members are in the minority as opposed to non-unionised members. The consideration of international instruments on the subject matter is also be examined to establish if it is possible to achieve the purpose of this study. If so, South African workers will have trade union security arrangements that allow them to exercise their right to freedom of association without any literal coercion or be allowed to form and/or become members of non-union employee representation. In terms of the research findings and recommendations, trade union security arrangements laws of countries such as Canada, New Zealand, UK and the USA may be used as an example that South Africa may adopt to permit forms of non-union employee representation in the workplace, thereby prohibiting compulsion of workers into joining a majority union and same will be strengthening workplace democracy. South Africa must amend most of its collective bargaining laws to achieve all these.LLD (Merchatile Law)Mercantile La
A critical analysis of the treatment of transgender and intersex people in the Zimbabwean criminal justice institutions
No full textText in English with summaries in Southern Sotho and VendaThis research critically examines the treatment of transgender and intersex (TGI) people in key Zimbabwean criminal justice institutions (CJIs): Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP), Zimbabwe Judicial Service Commission (ZJSC), Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional Services (ZPCS), and Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission (ZHRC). These CJIs are currently configured to cater to the traditional binary male and female sexes. The lack of legal recognition of non-traditional binary sex and gender identities intensifies stigma and prejudice, undermining human dignity, equal treatment, and protection before the law, thereby hindering access to substantive and procedural justice. The research also explores global best practices to enhance access to justice for TGI individuals with dignity.
A phenomenological research design was employed to focus on the phenomenon of the lived experiences of TGI people in Zimbabwe’s CJIs. The study includes a comprehensive literature review to assess TGI individuals’ treatment in criminal justice facilities and analyse the risks and drivers of rights abuses that impugn their dignity, and the current challenges faced. Comparative analysis was conducted on inclusive frameworks in South Africa, Kenya, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Canada and Malta, which offer valuable guidelines into how TGI people can access justice with dignity.
Primary data collection involved life history narrative interviews with 15 TGI participants (10 transgender participants, five transgender men, and five transgender women, as well as five intersex people). Additionally, key informant interviews were conducted with seventeen (17) Zimbabwean CJI officials: ZRP (n=3); ZJSC (n=1); ZPCS (n=12); ZHRC (n=1). A focus group discussion was also convened with six programme officers representing local community-based organisations that serve TGI populations. Ethical research practices were observed throughout the research.
Findings indicate the detrimental consequences of a binary sex classification system that marginalises TGI people, undermines their human dignity, and restricts access to substantive and procedural justice. Qualitative data analysis identified systemic barriers such as lack of inclusive infrastructure and policies that perpetuate discrimination and impede due process. TGI people face significant challenges when arrested, detained or imprisoned in facilities designed for binary gender identities, leading to recurring violations of their rights.
The research recommends urgent, sustainable reforms to Zimbabwe’s CJIs to ensure inclusive access to justice for TGI people. Key recommendations include legally recognising sex and gender identities outside the traditional binary, institutionalising continuous staff training to sensitise criminal justice personnel, and implementing supportive mechanisms in law enforcement and correctional facilities.
The findings expand information in a previously understudied area to inspire dialogue and transformational action for institutional reform, enhancing dignity and justice for TGI Zimbabweans. Additionally, the findings enrich queer criminology with an African perspective and emphasise the need for urgent reform in Zimbabwe’s CJIs to ensure humane treatment of TGI people and compliance with international human rights norms.
Overall, the research found that the Zimbabwe CJIs created for the traditional binary sex and gender identities cannot provide TGI people with access to criminal justice and due process with dignity.Phuputso e hlahlobile ka hlooko tshwaro ya batho ba nang le bong bo fapaneng le boo ba hlahileng ka bona le batho ba hlahileng ba na le sebopeho kapa tshobotsi ya bong bo eseng ba monna kapa mosadi (TGI) ka hara dibaka tse bohlokwa tsa toka ya botlokotsebe tsa Zimbabwe (CJIs): Rephaboliki ya Sepolesa ya Zimbabwe (ZRP), Khomeshene ya tshebeletso ya boahlodi ya Zimbabwe (ZJSC), Ditjhankane tsa Zimbabwe le Ditshebeletso tsa tokiso (ZPCS), le Khomeshene ya Ditokelo tsa Botho tsa Zimbabwe (ZHRC), e okametseng dibaka kaofela tsa ho kwallwa le tsa tjhankane tsa Zimbabwe.
Thuto e hlahlobile tseo batho ba TGI ba kopanang le tsona ho diCJI tsa Zimbabwe, tseo ha jwale di hlophisitsweng ho nehelana ka tse hlokahalang ho bong moo ho dumelwang hore bong boo motho a hlahileng ka bona ke bona bo tla bolela karolo eo a e bapalang setjhabeng. Ho hlahlobuwe hore ho fokola ha ho elellwa ha semolao hoo e seng ya ho kgolwa hore bong boo motho a hlahileng ka bona bo hlalosa karolo ya hae setjhabeng le kgethollo ka ho kgella fatshe seriti sa botho, ho tshwarwa ka ho lekana, le tshireletso molaong, mme e sitisa ho fumana toka e tsitsitseng ho ya ka molao. Diphuphutso di boetse tsa tsepamisa maikutlo ho mekgwa e metle e kentsweng tshebetsong ha jwale lefatshe ka bophara ho phahamisa ho fihlella toka ka seriti bakeng sa batho bana ba behetsweng ka thoko. Diphuphutso di hlahisa ka sehloohong ditlamorao tsa hlohlomiso ena ya hore ho na le mekgahlelo e mmedi feela e le ya monna le mosadi mme e behella ka thoko batho ba tlasa lentswe le akaretsang bong hore ha se banna kapa basadi feela ka ho kgetheha mme e bontsha hore maemo ana a hona jwale a setjhaba a kgellang fatshe tokelo ya botho ho seriti, ho tshwarwa ka ho lekana le ho fihlella toka ya ho sebetsa ka tsela e nepahetseng le bonokwane.
Phuputso e sebedisitseng mofuta wa ho sebedisa tseo batho ba ileng ba kopana le tsona mabapi le maemo a itseng, mme e ile ya etswa jwalo ka phuputso e tsepamisitseng maikutlo ho tseo batho ba TGI ba diCJI tsa Zimbabwe ba phetseng tlasa ona. Phuputso e tebileng ya sehlooho sena e ile ya etswa ho lekola tsela eo batho bana ba TGI ba tshwarwang ka teng dibakeng tsa toka mabapi le bonokwane. Phuputso ena e batsi mabapi le sehlooho sena hape e batla ho ka hlahloba ka hlooko dikotsi le dintlha tse bakang tlhekefetso ya ditokelo, mme sena se kgella fatshe seriti sa bona le diphephetso tse ba tobaneng le tsona ha jwale. Phuputso e hlahisa mekgwa ya matjhaba ya moralo e sebediswang ho lekola mekgwa e nepahetseng. Maemo ana a nehelana ka ditokelo tsa botho tse bohlokwa tsa batho ba TGI ba kwalletsweng le ba tjhankaneng hape e ba nehela ka tsela e nepahetseng le ya toka ho tsa bonokwane. Phuputso e tebileng e kenyelletsa ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho naha ya Afrika Borwa le Kenya le ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho matjhaba e leng United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada le Malta, kaofela ha tsona di kenyelletsa meralo e kenyelletswang ya tshireletso ka toka bakeng sa batho ba TGI ba kwalletsweng le ba tjhankaneng.
Pokello ya dintlha tsa mantlha e kenyelleditse dipuisano tsa nalane ya bophelo le batho ba 15 ba TGI (mohlala, batho ba 10 ba tlo nkang karolo ba nang le bong bo fapaneng le boo ba hlahileng ka bona, banna ba bahlano ba nang le bong bo fapaneng le boo ba hlahileng ka bona, le basadi ba bahlano ba nang le bong bo fapaneng le boo ba hlahileng ka bona, ha mmoho le batho ba bahlano ba nang le sebopeho seo e seng sa monna kapa mosadi). Ho bokella kutlwisiso e batsi ho tshebetso ya dibaka hona jwale, maano le maikutlo mabapi le batho ba TGI, phuputso e ne e kenyelletsa dipuisano tse bohlokwa tsa motsebi (KIIs) ka nomoro ya leshome le metso e supileng (17) ya basebetsi ba CJI ba Zimbabwe: ZRP (n=3); ZJSC (n=1); ZPCS (n=12); ZHRC (n=1). Puisano ya sehlopha sa tsepamiso le yona e ile ya kenngwa le basebetsi ba tsheletseng ba programa ho mekgahlo e bohlokwa ya setjhabeng sa lehae e hlokomelang ditlhoko tsa batho ba TIG mme e ba nehe ditshebeletso. Diketso tsa molao tsa phuphutso di ile tsa elwa hlooko pele, nakong eo dintlha di ntse di bokellwa le ka mora hore di bokellwe.
Tlhatlhobo ya ho batla ho utlwisisa dintlha tse sa kenyeletseng dinomoro e hlahisitse dihlooho le mekgwa e mabapi le tseo batho ba tlo nka karolo ba TGI ho tseo ba ileng ba kopana le tsona, diphephetso, le ditsela tsa CJI le maano. Tlhatlhobo ena e hlahisa ka sehloohong ho fokola ha sebopeho sa motheo le maano e leng tshita e kgolo ho tshebetso e nang le botsitso, ho kgella fatshe toka ya botho mabapi le batho ba TGI ho diCJI tsa Zimbabwe. Ha re tlatsetsa, ho ile hlahella hore, ha batho ba TGI ba kwallwa, kapa ba iswa tjhankaneng hara diCJI tse etseditsweng bong e ka bang feela ba monna kapa mosadi, ba tobana le tsamaiso ya kgethollo le ditshitiso tse ntseng di tswela pele ho toka e mabapi le bonokwane le ho fihlella tsamaiso e loketseng mabap le toka ya botho.
Diphuphutso tsa thuto di kgothalletsa diketso tse kgonehang ho dibaka tsa toka mabapi le bonokwane, le phetoho ya molao ho netefatsa kenyelletso ho toka e hlomphang seriti sa botho sa batho ba TGI. Dikgothalletso tsena di kenyelletsa ho ya ka molao ho elellwa boitsebiso ntle le hore feela motho e ka ba monna kapa mosadi feela, ho tswela pele ho rupella le ho tsebiswa ha toka mabapi le bonokwane ho basebetsi nakong ya ho hirwa ka kenyelletso ya phano ya tshebeletso le ho etsa metjha ya tshehetso ho tshebetsong ya molao le ditjhankane.
Ka kakaretso, diphuphutso di fumane hore dibaka tse etseditsweng boitsebiso ba mosadi kapa monna feela di ke ke tsa nehelana ka phihlello ho tsa toka mabapi le bonokwane le tshebetso e loketseng mabapi le seriti ho batho ba TGI. DiCJI tsa Zimbabwe ha di a itokisetsa ho ikamahanya le ditlhoko tsa boitsebiso ba bong bo sa itshetlehang hore o monna kapa o mosadi feela, jwalo ka hore o be le sebopeho seo e seng sa monna kapa mosadi kapa bong bo sa itshetlehang feela hore o ka ba monna kapa mosadi feela tse kenyelletsang hore o be le bong bo fapaneng le boo o tswetsweng ka bona. Diphethoho tsa ka potlako tsa molao le maano di tlameha ho kenngwa tshebetsong ho netefatsa ho fihlella toka mabapi le bonokwane le tshebetso le seriti sa batho ba TGI.Ṱhoḓisiso yo ṱhaṱhuvha nḓila ine avho vhane vho nanga u vha vha mbeu ine a vho ngo bebwa vha yone ‘transgender’ na avho vhane vho bebwa vha na mbeu mbili ‘intersex’ (TGI) vha farwa ngayo kha zwiimiswa zwa vhulamukanyi ha ndulamiso ya vhutshinyi zwihulwane zwa ḽa Zimbabwe (dziCJI): Mapholisa vha Riphabuḽiki ya Zimbambwe ‘Zimbabwe Republic Police’ (ZRP), Khomishini ya Tshumelo ya Vhulamukanyi ya ‘Zimbabwe Judicial Service Commission’ (ZJSC), Tshumelo ya Ndulamiso na Dzidzhele ya Zimbambwe ‘Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional Services’ (ZPCS), na Khomishini ya Pfanelo dza Vhathu ya Zimbambwe ‘Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission’ (ZHRC), ine ya vha yone i lavhelesaho zwiimiswa zwoṱhe zwa dzhidzhele na zwa u valelwa vho farwaho zwa Zimbabwe.
Ngudo yo tandula tshenzhemo dza vhathu vha tshigwada tsha TGI kha dziCJI dza Zimbabwe, dzine zwa zwino dzi khou shandukiswa u itela u katela mbeu mbili vhane vha vha vhanna na vhafumakadzi. Yo sedzulusa uri u shayeya ha u dzhielwa nṱha nga mulayo ha avha vhathu vha mbeu idzi mbili dzi songo ḓoweleaho na vhuḓibaḓekanyi kha zwa mbeu zwi ṋaṋisa hani vengo na kuhumbulele ku si kwone nga u tsitsela fhasi tshirunzi tsha vhathu, u kona u farwa nga nḓila i linganaho, na tsireledzo phanḓa ha mulayo, zwine zwa thivhela u kona u swikelela kha vhulamukanyi nga ha pfanelo na vhuḓifhinduleli khathihi na matshimbidzele a zwa vhulamukanyi. Ṱhoḓisiso yo do vha ya lavhelesa kha maitele a khwine ane a khou shumiswa nga tshifhinga tsha zwino u mona na ḽifhasi u itela u khwinisa tswikelelo kha vhulamukanyi nga nḓila ya tshirunzi kha izwi zwitshavha zwo thudzelwaho thungo. Mawanwa o sumbedza masiandaitwa a vhavhaho kha sisiṱeme ya khethekanyo ya avha vha re na mbeu mbili zwine zwa thudzela thungo avho vha sa weli kha khethekanyo ya vhanna kana vhafumakadzi na u sumbedza uri tshiimo itshi zwa zwino tshi dzhiela hani fhasi pfanelo dza vhathu dza u vha na tshrunzi, u farwa nga nḓila i linganaho na tswikelelo kha matshimbidzele na ndulamuso kha vhulamukanyi.
Ho shumiswa ṱhoḓisiso yo ḓisendekaho nga tshenzhemo sa izwi ṱhoḓisiso yo vha yo lavhelesa kha nyimele dza tshenzhemo dze avha vhathu vha tshigwada tsha TGI vho tangana nadzo kha dziCJI dza Zimbambwe. Ho itwa tsedzuluso yo ṱanḓavhuwaho ya maṅwalo u itela u ṱhaṱhuvha kufarelwe kwa vhathu vha tshigwada tsha TGI kha zwiimiswa zwa vhulamukanyi ha zwa vhutshinyi. Tsedzuluso kha maṅwalo yo itwa u itela u sengulusa khombo na zwithu zwine zwa shela mulenzhe kha u pwanyeledzwa ha pfanelo dza vhathu, zwine zwa tsitsela fhasi tshirunzi na khaedu dza zwino dzine vha khou ṱangana nadzo. Ṱhoḓisiso i sumbedzisa nḓila ya mutheo wa ḽifhasi yo shumiswaho u itela u sedzulusa maitele a shumaho nga nḓila yavhuḓi. Zwilinganyo izwi zwi ṋetshedza avho vho valelwaho, vho vhafariwaho vhane vha vha kha tshigwada tsha TGI pfanelo dza ndeme na matshimbidzele a ndulamiso kha zwa vhulamukanyi. Tsedzuluso ya maṅwalo yo katela mashango a re kha dzingu u fana na ḽa Afrika Tshipembe na Kenya na United States of America, United Kindom, Canada na Malta kha mashango a seli ha malwanzhe, ane oṱhe a na mitheo ya tsireledzo u itela u tikedza tswikelelo kha vhulamukanyi nga nḓila ya tshirunzi kha avho vho farwaho na vho valelwaho vha re kha tshigwada tsha TGI.
Data yo kuvhanganywaho yo katela tshenzhemo dza vhtshilo dzo tou anetshelwaho nga tshigwada tsha vhathu vha TGI vha15 (i.e., vha 10 vhane vha ḓibaḓekanya na mbeu ye vha sa bebwe vha yone 10 ‘transgender’, vhanna vhaṱanu na vhafumakadzi vhaṱanu, khathihi na vhe vha bebwa vha na mbeu mbili ‘intersex’). U itela u wanulusa zwi vhonalaho kha maitele a zwiimiswa a zwino, mbekanyamaitele na kuvhonele maelana na tshigwada tsha TGI, ṱhoḓisiso yo katela nyambedzano ho livhanywa zwifhaṱuwo ‘key informant interviews’ (dziKII) na vhane vha vha vhaofisiri vha CJI vha Zimbabwe vha fumisumbe (17) : ZRP (n=3); ZJSC (n=1); ZPCS (n=12); ZHRC (n=1). Nyambedzano na tshigwada tshiṱuku yo itwa na vhaofisiri vha mbekanyamushumo vha rathi vha bvaho kha madzangano a tshitshavha ane a shumana na ṱhoḓea dza tshigwada tsha vhathu vha TGI na u vha ṋetshedza tshumelo. Maitelekwo a u fara ṱhoḓisiso o tevhedzelwa hu sa athu u farwa ṱhoḓisiso, nga tshifhinga tsha ṱhoḓisiso na nga murahu ha u kuvhanganya data.
Tsenguluso ya data ya Khwaḽithethivi yo sumbedza mafhungo a fanaho na nyimela dzine dza vha na vhushaka maelana na tshenzhemo, khaedu dza zwigwada zwa vhathu vha TGI na kushumisele khathihi na mbekanyamaitele zwa CJI. Tsenguluso yo sumbedza u shanyeya ha thememveledziso na mbekanyamaitele zwi katelaho vhoṱhe sa zwone zwithithisi zwihulwane kha u swikelela maitele a u dzhia vhuḓifhinduleli na pfanelo, zwine zwa tsitsela fhasi tshirunzi tsha vhathu vha tshigwada tsha TGI kha dziCJI dza Zimbabwe. Zwiṅwehafhu, zwo tumbulwa uri musi vhathu vha tshigwada tsha TGI vha tshi farwa, u valelwa kana u vhewa kha dziCJI dzo itelwaho vha mbeu mbili (vhanna kana vhafumakadzi), vha a ṱalulwa nga milayo ya tshiimiswa na u bvela phanḓa u thivhelwa kha u wana ndulamiso kha vhulamukanyi kha zwa vhutshinyi na u kona u wana tswikelelo kha matshimbidzele a mafhungo a pfanelo dza vhathu.
Ngudo ya ṱhoḓisiso i khou themendela u khwaṱhisa maitele a tshiimiswa a ndulamiso kha vhulamukanyi ha zwa vhutshinyi nahone a shumaho zwavhuḓi, na tshandukiso ya mulayo na mbekanyamaitele u itela u vhona uri hu na tswikelelo nga vhoṱhe kha vhulamukanyi zwine zwa ṱhonifha tshirunzi tsha vhathu vha tshigwada tsha TGI. Themendelo idzi dzi katela u ṱanganedza lwa mulayo mbeu na vhuḓibaḓekanyi kha zwa mbeu nga nnḓa ha idzo mbili dzo ḓoweleaho, u dzulela u pfumbudza na u ḓivhadza vhashumeli kha zwa vhulamukanyi kha ndulamiso ya zwa vhutshinyi nga tshifhinga tsha musi vha tshi tholwa u itela mbetshelo dza tshumelo dzo ṱanganelanaho na u vhumba nḓila dza thikhedzo kha vhakombetshedzi vha mulayo na dzidzhele.
Nga u angaredza, ṱhoḓisiso yo wanulusa uri zwiimiswa zwi itelwaho vha mbeu mbili dzo ḓoweleaho na avho vha ḓibaḓekanyaho na iṅwe mbeu a zwi koni u ṋetshedza tshigwada tsha vhathu vha TGI tswikelelo kha vhulamukanyi ha ndulamiso kha zwa vhutshinyi na matshimbidzele ane a vha na tshirunzi. Tshivhumbeo tsha dziCJI dza Zimbabwe a tsho ngo dzudzanyelwa u swikelela ṱhoḓea dza avho vha si vha mbeu mbili dzo ḓoweleaho zwine zwa katela avho vha ḓibaḓekanyaho na mbeu ye vha sa bebwe vha yone. Mbekanyamaitele na milayo zwo shandukiswaho zwi tea u thoma u shumiswa nga u ṱavhanya u itela u vhona uri hu na tswikelelo kha vhulamukanyi ha ndulamiso na u shumiswa nga tshirunzi kha tshigwada tsha vhathu vha TGI.Ph.D. (Criminal Justice and Corrections Management)Corrections Managemen
An exploration of the criteria and methods for the compilation of a momolingual dictionary with reference to Oshikwanyama
No full textThe field of lexicography is based on two branches; namely theoretical and practical lexicography. This study belongs to the first branch of lexicography; theoretical lexicography, because it deals with the theoretical aspects of lexicography. The study's main purpose was to explore the general criteria and methods for compiling monolingual dictionaries in African languages, specifically in Oshikwanyama. It focused on the criteria and methods that can be used to compile an Oshikwanyama monolingual dictionary. This study is significant in Oshikwanyama lexicography as the proposed dictionary will be the first monolingual dictionary of Oshikwanyama. Additionally, it is also salient in the field of lexicography at large because it would also assist other researchers with studies related to the compilation of monolingual dictionaries.
The study employed three theories, namely, Function theory, Text theory and Theory of Meaning. Function theory helped the study to identify the proposed dictionary’s users, user needs, user situation as well as dictionary functions. The Text theory assisted this study in composing the textual components of the proposed dictionary. In other words, it helped identify texts that would be constituted in the proposed dictionary. Whereas the Theory of Meaning was used to identify and analyse lexical unit meanings.
Furthermore, in terms of research design and methodology, this study adopted a qualitative method which assisted the study in analysing the existing literature concerning the compilation of monolingual dictionaries. The intensity sampling helped the study to select sources about the compilation of monolingual dictionaries and to critically examine them in order to find the best criteria and methods of compiling the Oshikwanyama monolingual dictionary. As a result, the best criteria and methods of compiling the Oshikwanyama monolingual dictionary were found and will be used by future compilers to compile the first Oshikwanyama monolingual dictionary. The study recommends that future compilers of the Oshikwanyama monolingual dictionary use a corpus in the compilation of the dictionary. Additionally, it recommends a further study on the criteria and methods of compiling the Oshikwanyama online dictionary. This study also recommends lexicographers of online dictionaries to create Apps (software applications) to enable their target users to have full access to the dictionaries.M.A. (African Languages)African Language
Bacillus anthracis in South Africa, 1975–2013: are some lineages vanishing?
No full textAbstract
The anthrax-causing bacterium Bacillus anthracis comprises the genetic clades A, B, and C. In the northernmost part (Pafuri) of Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa, both the common A and rare B strains clades occur. The B clade strains were reported to be dominant in Pafuri before 1991, while A clade strains occurred towards the central parts of KNP. The prevalence of B clade strains is currently much lower as only A clade strains have been isolated from 1992 onwards in KNP. In this study 319 B. anthracis strains were characterized with 31-loci multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA-31). B clade strains from soil (n = 9) and a Tragelaphus strepsiceros carcass (n = 1) were further characterised by whole genome sequencing and compared to publicly available genomes. The KNP strains clustered in the B clade before 1991 into two dominant genotypes. South African strains cluster into a dominant genotype A.Br.005/006 consisting of KNP as well as the other anthrax endemic region, Northern Cape Province (NCP), South Africa. A few A.Br.001/002 strains from both endemic areas were also identified. Subclade A.Br.101 belonging to the A.Br.Aust94 lineage was reported in the NCP. The B-clade strains seems to be vanishing, while outbreaks in South Africa are caused mainly by the A.Br.005/006 genotypes as well as a few minor clades such as A.Br.001/002 and A.Br.101 present in NCP. This work confirmed the existence of the rare and vanishing B-clade strains that group in B.Br.001 branch with KrugerB and A0991 KNP strains