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Exploring challenges of implementing school-based assessment in high schools of Mopani West District
Get PDFSchool-based assessment, one of the tools used to assess competence, skills, values and attitudes, is an important step in the learning process and determines whether the learner has met the course objectives. The fact that school-based assessment serves as a component of the final promotional mark for all the registered candidates in South Africa, its importance cannot be undermined. This means that the school-based assessment mark is a compulsory component of the final promotion mark for all candidates registered for the National Senior Certificate. School-based assessment is an allocated 25% of the final promotion mark in Grades 10 to 12. The absence of school-based assessment mark in the candidate will result in learners receiving incomplete results, which means repeating the subject or the year to re-do school-based assessment tasks.
There is a shift towards increased accountability and assessment in schools regarding school-based assessment implementation. It is for this reason that the study explored challenges that educators, Heads of Department and deputy principals face in the implementation of school-based assessment.
The research methods comprised semi-structured interviews and participant observations. A sample of twenty-five (25) participants were purposively selected consisting of ten educators (five males and five females) with two educators from each school, ten Heads of Department (five males and five females) with two Heads of Department from each school. Five deputy principals (two females and three males) with one deputy principal from each school were used.
Data were analysed and interpreted in this study. Findings of this study confirms challenges during the implementation of school-based assessment. The challenges are influenced by many factors for example, training content gap and attitudes. The study recommends that for school-based assessment to be successful, teachers and Heads of Department need to be dedicated in displaying creativity by using varieties of strategies during their implementation of school-based assessment. Further study on school-based assessment implementation is inevitable to ensure the success of school-based assessment.Ku kamberiwa loku simekiweke exikolweni ku tshama ku ri ku kandziyisa ka nkoka pholisi ya kharikhulamu ya Afrika-Dzonga hambileswi ku nga na ku cinca loku xiyekaka na nhluvukiso eka sisiteme ya Dyondzo. Mhaka ya leswaku timaraka to kambela leti simekiweke exikolweni ti tirha tanihi xiphemu xa mpimo xa mfungho wo hetelela wa ku tlakusiwa eka vahlawuriwa hinkwavo lava tsarisiweke eAfrika-Dzonga, nkoka wa yona a wu nge tekeriwi ehansi.
Hi ku ya hi milawu leyi fambelanaka na mafambiselo, vufambisi na vufambisi bya xikambelo xa Xitifikheti xa le Henhla xa Rixaka (Xitiviso xa Nawu xa Nomboro ya 371 eka Gazete ya Mfumo No. 37651 ya siku ra 16 Mawuwani 2014) ehansi ka ndzima ya vumbirhi, ya ndzawulo ya dyondzo ya masungulo eAfrika-Dzonga, xikolo- mfungho wo kambela lowu simekiweke i xiphemu lexi bohaka xa mfungho wo hetelela wa ku tlakusiwa eka vahlawuriwa hinkwavo lava tsarisiweke eka Xitifikheti xa Rixaka xa le Henhla.
Nkambelo lowu simekiweke exikolweni wu fanele ku hlayela 25% wa 75% wa mfungho wo hetelela wa ku tlakusiwa eka giredi ya 10 ku ya eka 12. Ku pfumaleka ka mfungho wa xikambelo lowu simekiweke exikolweni eka muhlawuriwa swi ta endla leswaku a kuma mbuyelo lowu nga helelangiki. Mukamberiwa wo tano a nge vi na mbuyelo naswona u fanele ku phindha dyondzo kumbe lembe ku endla nakambe mintirho yo kambela leyi simekiweke exikolweni.
Ku na ku cinca ku ya eka ku engeteleriwa ka vutihlamuleri na ku kambela eswikolweni mayelana na ku tirhisiwa ka nkambisiso lowu simekiweke eswikolweni. Hi xivangelo lexi ndzavisiso lowu a wu kunguhate ku lavisisa ku twisisa ka ku tirhisiwa ka nkambisiso lowu simekiweke exikolweni exikarhi ka vadyondzisi, Tinhloko ta Tindzawulo na Vaseketeri va tinhloko ta swikolo.
Maendlelo ya ndzavisiso ya katsa swibumabumelo swa vatekaxiave na mimbulavurisano. Xikombiso xa makume mbirhi ntlhanu (25) wa vatekaxiave lava vumbiwaka hi khume ra vadyondzisi (ntlhanu wa vavanuna na ntlhanu wa vavasati) na vadyondzisi vambirhi ku suka exikolweni xin’wana na xin’wana, khume ra Tinhloko ta ndzawulo (ntlhanu wa vavanuna na ntlhanu wa vavasati) na Tinhloko timbirhi ta
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tindzawulo ku suka eka xikolo xin’wana na xin’wana na ntlhanu wa Vaseketeri va tinhloko (vaxisati vambirhi na vanharhu va xinuna) na xandla xin’we xa nhloko ya xikolo ku suka exikolweni xin’wana na xin’wana ku tirhisiwile.
Data yi xopaxopiwile no hlamuseriwa eka ndzavisiso lowu. Swikumiwa swa ndzavisiso lowu swi tiyisisa mintlhontlho hi nkarhi wa ku tirhisiwa ka nkambisiso lowu simekiweke exikolweni. Mintlhontlho yi kuceteriwa hi swilo swo tala xikombiso, ku hambana ka nhundzu ya ndzetelo na mavonelo. Dyondzo yi vula leswaku leswaku ku kamberiwa loku simekiweke exikolweni ku humelela, vadyondzisi na ti-HOD’s va fanele ku tinyiketela eku kombiseni ka vutumbuluxi hi ku tirhisa tindlela to hambana hi nkarhi wa ku tirhisiwa ka vona ka nkambisiso lowu simekiweke exikolweni. Dyondzo yo ya emahlweni eka ku tirhisiwa ka nkambisiso lowu simekiweke exikolweni a yi papalateki ku tiyisisa ku humelela ka nkambisiso lowu simekiweke exikolweni.Skoolgebaseerde assessering bly 'n seminale onderstreep van Suid-Afrikaanse kurrikulumbeleid ten spyte van die noemenswaardige veranderinge en ontwikkelings in die onderwysstelsel. Die feit dat skoolgebaseerde assesseringspunte dien as 'n maatstafkomponent van die finale promosiepunt vir al die geregistreerde kandidate in Suid-Afrika, die belangrikheid daarvan kan nie ondermyn word nie.
Volgens regulasies met betrekking tot die uitvoering, administrasie en bestuur van die Nasionale Senior Sertifikaat-eksamen (Regulasiekennisgewing No. 371 in Staatskoerant No. 37651 gedateer 16 Mei 2014) onder hoofstuk twee, van die departement van basiese onderwys in Suid-Afrika, is 'n skool- gebaseerde assesseringspunt is 'n verpligte komponent van die finale bevorderingspunt vir alle kandidate wat vir die Nasionale Senior Sertifikaat geregistreer is.
Die skoolgebaseerde assessering moet 25% van die 75% finale bevorderingspunt in graad 10 tot 12 tel. Die afwesigheid van skoolgebaseerde assesseringspunt by die kandidaat sal daartoe lei dat hy of haar onvolledige uitslae ontvang. So 'n kandidaat sal nie gekeur word nie en hy of sy moet die vak of die jaar herhaal om skoolgebaseerde assesseringstake weer te doen.
Daar is 'n verskuiwing na verhoogde aanspreeklikheid en assessering in skole met betrekking tot skoolgebaseerde assesseringsimplementering. Dit is om hierdie rede dat die studie bedoel was om die begrip van implementering van skoolgebaseerde assessering onder onderwysers, departementshoofde en adjunkhoofde te ondersoek.
Die navorsingsmetodes bestaan uit deelnemers se waarnemings en onderhoude. 'n Steekproef van vyf-en-twintig (25) deelnemers bestaande uit tien onderwysers (vyf mans en vyf vroue) met twee opvoeders van elke skool, tien departementshoofde (vyf mans en vyf vroue) met twee departementshoofde van elke skool en vyf adjunkhoofde (twee vroue en drie mans) met een adjunkhoof van elke skool is gebruik.
Data is in hierdie studie ontleed en geïnterpreteer. Bevindinge van hierdie studie bevestig uitdagings tydens die implementering van skoolgebaseerde assessering. Die uitdagings word deur baie faktore beïnvloed, byvoorbeeld opleidingsinhoudgaping en houdings. Die studie impliseer dat vir skoolgebaseerde assessering om suksesvol te wees, onderwysers en HOD's toegewyd moet wees om kreatiwiteit aan die dag te lê deur verskeie strategieë te gebruik tydens hul implementering van skoolgebaseerde assessering. Verdere studie oor die implementering van skoolgebaseerde assessering is onvermydelik om die sukses van skoolgebaseerde assessering te verseker.D. Phil. (Education (Curriculum Studies))Educational Studie
Strategies for improving birth preparedness among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics at public healthcare facilities of Arsi zone in Oromia, Ethiopia
No full textText in English, abstract in English, Zulu and TswanaThe purpose of this study was to develop strategies for improving birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics at public health facilities of Arsi Zone in Oromia, Ethiopia.
The findings of this study serve as a guide to develop strategies to improve BPCR and reduce maternal and neonatal morbidities and mortalities.
Setting: The study was conducted at five public health facilities in Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Study population and sample: The population for this study consisted of pregnant women attending ANC clinics, as well as health professionals (key informants) in selected public health facilities. In the quantitative part of the study, a systematic random sampling technique was used to select 1 014 pregnant women, whereas in the qualitative part, purposive sampling was used to select 36 pregnant women for three focus group discussions and 9 health professionals were selected for key informant in-depth interviews.
Study design: A sequential explanatory mixed methods approach was applied.
Data collection and data analysis methods: A sequential explanatory mixed method was employed. Accordingly, a questionnaire was used to collect data from 1 014 pregnant women. The data was collected from January to February 2022. The quantitative data was entered into Epi info version 3.5.4 and transferred to SPSS version 26 for further cleaning and analysis of the results. Three focus groups and nine key informant interviews were conducted using an interview guide. ATLAS.ti version 8 was used for further analysis of qualitative data.
Result: In this study, of the 1 014 pregnant women, 772 (76.1%) were aware of BPCR, 869 (85.7%) were prepared for birth for their current pregnancy, 634 (72.9%) had
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identified the place of birth, 330 (38.9%) had saved money for emergencies and 156 (18%) had identified skilled birth attendants to provide care during birth.
Among the predictor variables, the age of the pregnant women, pregnant women who had mobile phones and pregnant women who had their husband's support were some of the variables significantly associated with the use of BPCR.
The quantitative findings were supported by the focus groups and key informant interviews. The themes from the focus groups with pregnant women and interviews with health professionals included the opinions and perceptions of the pregnant women and the understanding of health professionals regarding BPCR. The level of BPCR in pregnant women for the major components of BPCR in this study is low. The Ministry of Health, the regional health office, the district health office, the health facility, and the health professionals need to increase awareness among pregnant women about BPCR.Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukuthi kusungulwe amasu okwenza ngcono indlela yokulungiselela nokumelana nokuphambana kwezinto ngesikhathi sokubeletha (BPCR) kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abahambela imitholampilo yokunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe (ANC) emitholampilo kahulumeni e-Arsi Zone e-Oromia, ezweni laseTopiya.
Okutholwe kulolu cwaningo kusebenza njengomhlahlandlela wokusungulwa kwamasu okwenza ngcono i-BPCR nokunciphisa ukugula nokushona komama kanye nezinsana ezizelwe.
Ukulungiselela: Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ezikhungweni zezempilo zikahulumeni ezinhlanu ezise-Arsi Zone, e-Oromia, ezweni laseTopiya.
Inani labantu namasampula ocwaningo: Inani labantu okwenziwe ngabo lolu cwaningo belihlanganisa abesifazane abakhulelwe abahambela imitholampilo ye-ANC, kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo (abanolwazi olunzulu) ezikhungweni zezempilo zikahulumeni ezikhethiwe. Engxenyeni yocwaningo lwamanani, kusetshenziswe uhlelo lwamasampula aqoqwe ngokungazelele kwakhethwa abesifazane abakhulelwe abayi-1 014, kanti engxenyeni yocwaningo lwamaqophelo khona, kusetshenziswe amasampula okucacisa inhloso kwakhethwa abesifazane abakhulelwe abangama-36 ngokwamaqoqo amathathu okuxoxiswane nawo kwase kukhethwa nabasebenzi bezempilo abayisi-9 ukuze kutholakale ulwazi olunzulu ngokwezingxoxo ezijulile ezibanjiwe.
Ukuhleleka kocwaningo: Kusetshenziswe izinhlelo ezixubile ezilandisa ngokulandelana.
Izindlela zokuqoqwa nokucwaningwa kwemininingwane: Kusetshenziswe izinhlelo ezixubile ezilandisa ngokulandelana. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, kusetshenziswe uhlu lwemibuzo ukuze kuqoqwe imininingwane kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abayi-1 014. Le mininingwane iqoqwe kusukela ngoMasingana kuya kuNhlolanja 2022. Imininingwane yamanani ithathwe yafakwa ku-Epi info version 3.5.4 yase idluliselwa ku-SPSS version 26 ukuze kuhlelwe futhi kucwaningwe kahle imiphumela. Lapha kuxoxiswane namaqoqo amathathu kwabanjwa izingxoxo ezinzulu eziyisishiyagalolunye kusetshenziswa umhlahlandlela wokuxoxisana. Kuphinde kwasetshenziswa i-ATLAS.ti version 8 ukuze kucwaningwe kabanzi imininingwane yokuhlolwa kwamaqophelo.
Umphumela: Kulolu cwaningo, kutholakale ukuthi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abayi-1 014, abangama-772 (76.1%) babo bayazi nge-BPCR, abangama-869 (85.7%) bona bebekulungiselele ukubeletha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabo, abangama-634 (72.9%) babo bebeyihlonzile indawo yokubelethela, kanti abangama-330 (38.9%) bazibekele imali yezimo eziphuthumayo bese kuthi abangu-156 (18%) bazihlonzele ababelethisi abanekhono ukuze banakekeleke ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Phakathi kokuguquguquka kwezinto ezibikezelayo, kubalwa iminyaka yobudala yabesifazane abakhulelwe, abesifazane abakhulelwe abanomakhalekhukhwini kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe abasekelwa abayeni babo kungezinye zezinto ezihlobene kakhulu nokusebenza kwe-BPCR.
Imiphumela yohlelo lokuhlolwa kwamanani yesekelwe yilawo maqoqo okuxoxiswane nawo kanye nezingxoxo ezijulile ezibanjiwe. Imiqondo etholakale kumaqoqo okuxoxiswane nawo ezinkulumweni nabesifazane abakhulelwe ngokunjalo nangokuxoxisana nabasebenzi bezempilo ibandakanya imibono nemicabango yabesifazane abakhulelwe kanjalo nokuqonda kwabasebenzi bezempilo mayelana ne-BPCR. Lolu cwaningo luveza ukuthi liphansi kakhulu izinga le-BPCR kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ezikhathini eziyingxenye enkulu maqondana nokuzilungiselela i-BPCR. UMnyango Wezempilo, ihhovisi lezempilo lendawo, ihhovisi lezempilo lesifunda, isikhungo sezempilo kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo kudingeka bandise izinhlelo zokuqwashisa abesifazane abakhulelwe ngokwe-BPCR.Sepheo sa phuputso ena e ne e le ho hlahisa mekgwa ya ho ntlafatsa ho itokisetsa pelehi le ho itokisetsa mathata a pelehi (BPCR) hara baimana ba yang tlhokomelong ya boimana ya pele ho pelehi (ANC) ditleliniking tsa ditsi tsa bophelo bo botle tsa setjhaba tsa sebaka sa Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Diphumano tsa phuputso ena di sebetsa e le tataiso ya ho hlahisa maano a ho ntlafatsa BPCR le ho fokotsa ho kula le mafu a baimana le masea.
Tikoloho: Phuputso e etseditswe ditsing tse hlano tsa bophelo bo botle tsa setjhaba sebakeng sa Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Palo ya batho bao phuputso e etswang ho bona le sampole: Palo ya batho bao phuputso ena e etsetswang ho bona e ne e le ya baimana ba yang ditleleniking tsa ANC, hammoho le ditsebi tsa bophelo bo botle (bafani ba tlhahisoleseding ba ka sehloohong) ditsing tsa bophelo bo botle tse kgethilweng tsa setjhaba. Karolong ya dipalo tsa phuputso, ho ile ha sebediswa mokgwa o hlophisehileng wa ho etsa disampole ho kgetha baimana ba 1 014, athe karolong ya boleng, ho ile ha sebediswa disampole tse reretsweng ho kgetha baimana ba 36 bakeng sa dipuisano tsa dihlopha tse tharo mme ho ile ha kgethwa ditsebi tse 9 tsa bophelo bo botle bakeng sa batho ba fanang ka tlhahisoleseding ba dipuisano tse tebileng.
Moralo wa phuputso: Ho sebedisitswe katamelo ya ho hlalosa ka tatellano wa mekgwa e tswakilweng.
Pokello ya datha le mekgwa ya manollo ya datha: Ho ile ha sebediswa katamelo ya ho hlalosa ka tatellano wa mekgwa e tswakilweng. Ka hona, ho ile ha sebediswa lethathamo la dipotso ho bokella datha ho tswa ho baimana ba 1 014. Datha e bokelletswe ho tloha ka Pherekgong ho ya ho Hlakola 2022. Datha ya dipalo e kentswe ho mofuta wa Epi info 3.5.4 mme ya fetisetswa ho mofuta wa SPSS 26 bakeng sa ho hlwekiswa le manollo ya diphetho. Dihlopha tse tharo tseo ho shebanweng le tsona le dipuisano tsa batho ba robong ba fanang ka tlhahisoleseding ba ka sehloohong di entswe ho sebediswa tataiso ya dipuisano. Mofuta wa 8 wa ATLAS.ti o ile wa sebediswa bakeng sa tlhahlobo e tswelang pele ya datha ya boleng.
Sephetho: Phuputsong ena, ho basadi ba 1 014 ba baimane, ba 772 (76.1%) ba ne ba tseba ka BPCR, ba 869 (85.7%) ba ne ba itokiseditse pelehi bakeng sa boimana ba bona ba hona jwale, ba 634 (72.9%) ba ne ba hlwaile sebaka sa tswalo, ba 330 (38.9%) ba ne ba bolokile tjhelete bakeng sa maemo a tshohanyetso mme ba 156 (18%) ba ne ba hlwaile bapepisi ba nang le tsebo ho fana ka tlhokomelo nakong ya pelehi.
Hara dintho tse fapaneng tse tataisang, dilemo tsa baimana, baimana ba neng ba na le mehala ya thekeng le baimana ba neng ba na le tshehetso ya banna ba bona e ne e le dintho tse fapaneng tse amanang haholo le tshebediso ya BPCR.
Diphumano tsa dipalo di ile tsa tshehetswa ke dihlopha tseo ho shebanweng le tsona le dipuisano tsa ditsebi tse ka sehloohong. Dihlooho tse tswang dihlopheng tseo ho shebanweng le tsona tsa basadi ba baimana le dipuisano le ditsebi tsa bophelo bo botle di ne di kenyelletsa maikutlo le mehopolo ya basadi ba baimana le kutlwisiso ya litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle mabapi le BPCR. Boemo ba BPCR basading ba baimana bakeng sa dikarolo tse kgolo tsa BPCR phuputsong ena bo tlase. Lekala la Bophelo bo botle, ofisi ya bophelo ya lebatowa, ofisi ya bophelo ya setereke, setsi sa bophelo bo botle le ditsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba hloka ho lemosa baimana ka BPCR.D. Phil. (Public Health)Health Studie
Managing the teaching of social science subjects: case of school management teams, Luvuvhu circuits
Get PDFText in EnglishThe study explored the role of School Management Teams (SMTs), which include principals, deputy principals, departmental heads, and senior teachers, in managing the teaching of social sciences subjects in the intermediate and senior phases within Luvuvhu circuit primary schools in the Vhembe-East district. It examined various techniques and strategies SMTs use to support educators in teaching social sciences. Three schools participated each with four SMT members, making a total of twelve participants for the study. This qualitative study used the descriptive design to gain insights from the SMTs in three schools. Convenience sampling was used to select the schools, while the participants were chosen through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews and document reviews were employed to collect the data, which was analyzed using qualitative content analysis to develop themes. The findings revealed that SMTs used several tools to assess teachers' work and conformed to the departmental policy to manage social science subjects in their schools, particularly for quality assurance. It was established that the SMTs used both formal and informal assessment when managing the curriculum with class visits and monitoring curriculum coverage to ensure compliance with the directives from the Department of Education. The study recommended that SMTs should capacitate teachers through workshops to strengthen subject-specific knowledge by ensuring that social sciences content goes beyond just history and geography. This recommendation is also directed to the Curriculum Policy Unit and the Minister of Basic Education for potential integration into the national curriculum (CAPS) among other stakeholders. This could help students develop a well-rounded understanding of society, history, and the world while fostering critical thinking and active citizenship.M. Ed. (Educational Leadership and Management)College of Educatio
African pentecostal leadership Crisis : a historical analysis of leadership crisis in the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe Church from 1983-2019
Get PDFText in EnglishThe study was prompted by the gap in African Pentecostal leadership which led to serious damage to the church. The research examined the case of the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe church leadership crisis that culminated into a split of the denomination after exhausting costly legal battles up to the Supreme Court. The study applied Berger and Luckmann 1966’s social constructionist model of analysis where church members believe their leadership is ‘pre-given and fixed by God’ even though tri-annually the church conduct democratic elections. These church elections exacerbated hatred and division amongst contesting senior pastors which led to the splitting of the church. The study aimed to identify and analyse the leadership styles used in this Pentecostal church from 1983 to 2019. The researcher experienced this leadership crisis through observations, daily newspapers, official church documents and social media. The study applied a mixed methodology - historical approach in tracking the development of the leadership crisis from 1983 to 2019. Participants were drawn from all the ten provinces of Zimbabwe. The research established that there have been five AFM Presidents [fathers] in Zimbabwe of which four smoothly passed on the leadership button before the schism which occurred during the fifth. AFM pastors, their families and church members grossly suffered spiritual, material, financial and social damage due to the leadership crisis. There was no clear succession plan in the church. It was recommended that the church adapt to traditional seniority, raise educational qualifications, limit terms of office and come up with a clear plan of succession to avert future splits of this church. AFM pastors need to be remunerated well with a secured attractive retirement package to avoid clinging to offices after retirement age. The injured pastors and church members need spiritual social healing exercise. This study is the first of its kind on the AFM in Zimbabwe church. The future of the AFM Church in Zimbabwe is still to be ascertained whether it shall exist being a twin church as AFM in Zimbabwe and AFM of Zimbabwe.D. Phil. (Practical Theology)Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theolog
A contextualized model for a persuasive technology mobile health self-monitoring system for diabetic patients in South African communities
No full textText in EnglishSelf-care for health is essential as a way to reduce the health inequality gap that manifests itself in a variety of ways. These include the lack of access to medical and food resources and other unmet daily needs. In particular, in less privileged communities the lack of alignment between innovative health-related technologies and disease burdens, as well as a lack of adequate service, contribute to inadequate monitoring of chronically ill patients. Chronic diseases cause a high number of deaths and place a considerable strain on the health systems of many countries, especially developing ones. Patients suffering from chronic conditions become traumatised as they live with an incurable ailment, and this negatively affects their adherence to medical regimes, with serious consequences. This study sought to develop a contextualized model for use by the persuasive technology mHealth self-monitoring (mHealthSM) system for patients with diabetes in South African communities. The model informed the architecture of the artifact (the mHealthSM system) intended to be used as a reminder for diabetic patients to take their medicine.
The study followed a positivist paradigm incorporating the quantitative approach and Design Science Research. Data were collected from district hospitals in three provinces of South Africa, namely Gauteng, KwaZulu Natal and Mpumalanga. The model was validated using Smart-PLS and the mHealthSM system artifact was based on this model, and was developed and evaluated. The results indicated that environmental aspects significantly influenced all the strategies used to inform patients about the necessary changes of behaviour for medical adherence. Furthermore, characteristics of the associated technology, such as effort expectancy and performance expectancy, played a significant role in influencing the change of behaviour of patients.
However, social aspects, culture and individual characteristics due to skills were found not to be significant. Furthermore, the artifact evaluation indicated that it is reliable, highly valid and performs as expected. Theoretically, this study contributes to the development of a contextualized model that incorporates the interacting effects of the moderating factors to inform the medical adherence by patients. Furthermore, the study contributes to the management and practice of healthcare personnel, as they would leverage the developed model and artifact developed to inform their monitoring of chronically ill patients. Methodologically, the study combined three aspects namely, an analysis of moderating factors, the combination of the quantitative and Design Science approaches to develop both the model and the artifact, and lastly the validation of the model and the evaluation of the artifact into a single study. This study recommends that future research should work jointly with healthcare personnel to enable the collection of data from patients rather than from healthcare workers only. The study also recommends deployment of the developed mHealthSM to the cloud to increase its stability, scalability and data storage.Ph. D. (Information Systems)School of Computin
A systematic literature review of spiritual leadership within African management philosophies
Get PDFOrientation: Spiritual leadership has been proposed as an alternative to lead a generation where personal values and beliefs are central to employee contentment and organisational success.
Research purpose: To critically analyse organisational spiritual leadership (SpL) from an African Management Philosophies (AMP) perspective and whether these are secular or non-secular.
Motivation for the study: Knowledge would be drawn from two bodies of scholarly literature, namely SpL and AMP.
Research design, approach and method: Literature will be systematically reviewed, focusing on three aspects of the body on knowledge, namely concepts, definitions and typologies (elements).
Main findings: The concept of SpL seems empirically much more operationalised than AMP. Central to organisational spiritual leadership are the leader’s values, attitudes and behaviours that intrinsically motivate followers to have a sense of spiritual survival through membership and calling, while AMP emphasise traditionalism, communalism, co-operative teamwork and mythologies.
Practical/managerial implications: The research seeks to highlight the existing gaps in literature of a contextualised African measure of SpL.
Contribution or value add: A secular and non-secular approach to spirituality emerges, which looks at AMP as emboldened by Ubuntu ideality that is contrary to extant literature on organisational spiritual leadership.Graduate School of Business Leadershi
The subjective well-being experiences of mine employees in a mining organisation: a hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry
Get PDFAbstract in English, Tswana and AfrikaansThe context of this research is the subjective well-being of mine employees in a mining organisation. Subjective well-being of employees has been identified as a general motivator and driver of productivity in the workplace. This study explores the subjective well-being experiences of mine employees in a mining organisation in South Africa from a hermeneutic phenomenological perspective. The motivation of the study was to provide industrial and organisational psychologists, as well as human resource practitioners, with meaningful insights into the lived experiences and the dynamics that are affecting the subjective well-being of employees, which have been impacted by the turbulent economy, increased market pressure, globalisation, and rapid advances in technology in the mining industry. A qualitative exploratory case study approach was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the subjective lived health experiences of the participants.
A prospective sample of nine (9) plant operators (mining employees) who met the inclusion criteria were selected. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data and extract themes. Using the PERMA model, Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment, the study explored the aspects of subjective well-being, including engagement, meaning, and emotion. The findings of the study showed that this phenomenon can be presented in a variety of ways, which can help improve the subjective well-being of plant operators. Five themes emerged from the data analysis with respective sub-themes. These were (a) display of emotions, (b) level of engagement, (c) texture of relationships, (d) meaning and
value of work, and (e) accomplishment dynamics. The study is crucial for industrial and organisational psychologists, and human resource practitioners, in that it adds new knowledge that could be used to improve employee subjective well-being and inform wellness programmes for national and multinational South African mining organisations.Patlisiso e totile maitemogelo a itekanelo ya badiri ba meepo mo teng ga setheo sa meepo. Maitemogelo a itekanelo a amogelwa jaaka morotloetsi le mokgweetsi wa botlhokwa wa tlhagiso ya badiri mme ke morero wa botlhokwa wa thutopatlisiso eno. E sekaseka maitemogelo a itekanelo ya badiri ba moepo mo Aforikaborwa ka molebo femenoloji le hemenyutiki. Lebaka la thutopatlisiso e ne e le go tlamela basaekholojisiti ba mo ditirong le mo ditheong le badira ka badiri, ka temogo ya botlhokwa ka ga maitemogelo a nnete le dintlha tsa diphetogo tse di amang maitemogelo a itekanelo ya badiri. Dintlha tseno tsa diphetogo di bopiwa ke mabaka a a jaaka go tlhoka tsepamo ga ikonomi, kgatelelo e e oketsegileng ya mebaraka, tshusumetsano ya batho lefatshe ka bophara le tswelelopele e e bonako ya thekenoloji mo indasetering ya meepo. Go dirisitswe molebo wa thutopatlisiso ya tobiso ya khwalitatifi, go dirisiwa dipotsolotso tse di rulagantsweng ka bontlhabongwe go tlhotlhomisa maitemogelo a nnete a itekanelo a batsayakarolo
Go tlhophilwe sampole ya setlhopha se se etsweng tlhoko sebakanyana sa badiri ba dipolante (badiri ba moepo) ba le robongwe ba ba fitlheletseng ditlhokego tsa go akarediwa. Datha e ne ya lokololwa, go dirisiwa tokololo ya merero go ntsha merero. Thutopatlisiso e dirisitse sekao sa PERMA - Maikutlo a a Siameng, Go Dirisana, Dikamano, Bokao, le Phitlhelelo, dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa itekanelo ya motho, go akarediwa go dirisana, bokao le maikutlo. Diphitlhelelo tsa thutopatlisiso di senotse gore maitemogelo a itekanelo ya motho a ka bonala ka ditsela tse di farologaneng, tse di ka tokafatsang maitemogelo a itekanelo ya badiri ba dipolante. Go tlhagile merero e metlhano e megolo go tswa mo tokololong ya datha, mongwe le mongwe o na le morerwana wa one: (a) go bontsha maikutlo, (b) seelo sa tirisano, (c) popego ya dikamano, (d) bokao le boleng jwa tiro, le (e) dintlha tsa diphitlhelelo. Thutopatlisiso e botlhokwa thata mo basaekholojisiting ba mo ditirong le mo ditheong, le badira ka badiri, ka gonne e oketsa ka kitso e ntšhwa e e ka dirisiwang go tokafatsa maitemogelo a itekanelo ya badiri le go thusa go thaya mananeo a boitekanelo a ditheo tsa meepo tsa bosetšhaba le tsa boditšhabatšhaba mo AforikaborwaDie navorsing fokus op die subjektiewe welstand van mynwerkers binne ’n mynbou-organisasie. Subjektiewe welstand, wat beskou word as ’n sleutelmotiveerder en dryfveer van arbeidsmagproduktiwiteit, is ’n sentrale tema van hierdie studie. Die studie ondersoek die subjektiewe welstandservarings van mynwerkers in Suid-Afrika vanuit ’n hermeneutiese fenomenologiese perspektief. Die motivering van die studie was om betekenisvolle insigte in die geleefde ervarings en dinamika wat werknemers se subjektiewe welstand beïnvloed aan bedryf- en organisasiesielkundiges en menslikehulpbronpraktisyns te verskaf. Hierdie dinamika word gevorm deur faktore soos ekonomiese onstuimigheid, verhoogde markdruk, globalisering en vinnige tegnologiese vooruitgang in die mynboubedryf. ’n Kwalitatiewe verkennende gevallestudiebenadering is gebruik aan die hand van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude om die subjektiewe geleefde gesondheidservarings van die deelnemers te verken.
’n Prospektiewe steekproef van nege aanlegoperateurs (mynwerkers) wat aan die insluitingskriteria voldoen het, is gekies. Die data is ontleed deur middel van tematiese analise om temas te onttrek. Die studie het die PERMA-model gebruik wat verskeie aspekte van subjektiewe welstand, onder andere betrokkenheid, betekenis en emosie insluit. Die bevindinge van die studie het aan die lig gebring dat subjektiewe welstand op verskillende maniere kan manifesteer wat die subjektiewe welstand van aanlegoperateurs kan verbeter. Vyf hooftemas het uit die data-analise na vore gekom, elk met sy eie subtema: (a) vertoon van emosies, (b) vlak van betrokkenheid, (c)
tekstuur van verhoudings, (d) betekenis en waarde van werk, en (e) verwesenlikingsdinamika. Die studie is van kardinale belang vir bedryf- en organisasiesielkundiges, en menslikehulpbronpraktisyns, aangesien dit nuwe kennis toevoeg wat gebruik kan word om werknemers se subjektiewe welstand te verbeter en elstandsprogramme vir nasionale asook multinasionale Suid-Afrikaanse mynbou-organisasies in te ligM. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)Industrial and Organisational Psycholog
The effect of environmental management activities on the financial performance of food processing companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange
Get PDFThe study sought to investigate the effect of environmental management activities on the performance of JSE-listed food processing companies. Also, it seeks to identify environmental management activities that JSE-listed food processing companies conduct and the extent to which they reported their environmental management activities in their financial statements. The study involved 13 JSE-listed food processing companies and covered a ten-year period, ranging from 2012 – 2021. Quantitative data was obtained from the companies’ integrated financial statements published on their official websites. Findings show that the companies reported 15 different environmental management activities. Of the activities, water efficiency, Waste reduction, Greenhouse gas emissions, Energy reduction, and non-compliance with environmental legislations were the most reported by the companies. In contrast, environmental management systems, carbon tax, environmental non-compliance fees, environmental training, environmental community projects, nature reserves as well as air quality management and animal protection were the least reported. The fixed effect model panel data regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis revealed that environmental management activities did not have significant relationship with the ROA and EPS of the JSE-listed food processing companies. The study recommends that other studies can use actual environmental costs instead of environmental management activities. JSE food processing companies are urged to participate in environmental management activities. The South African government should strengthen environmental legislative requirements that encourage companies to engage in the environmental management activities.Management Accountin
Migration and urbanisation: assessing the provision of basic services in Havana informal settlement in Windhoek, Namibia
No full textIncludes summaries in Tswana and AfrikaansUrbanisation is under-researched in Namibia, with available literature neglecting pertinent issues such as lack of service delivery and its impact on the livelihoods of citizens residing in informal settlements. This thesis examined the extent to which internal migration affects urbanisation and exerts pressure on social services (water, electricity, housing, health service, education) in the most populous informal settlement of Havana, in Windhoek, Namibia. The study interrogated the level of preparedness of authorities to address the inaccessibility of basic social services in the settlement. It also reviewed the availability of incentives to minimise and to some degree regulate rural–urban migration, the source of rapid urbanisation in Namibia.
The research applied the qualitative approach and used data collection instruments such as focus group discussions, interviews, observation and document review. Data for the study were obtained from 66 participants comprising community leaders from each of the five wards; females and males heading households; as well as youths from both genders. These groups participated in the focus group discussions. Officials from the municipality of Windhoek, the government and community leaders participated in the key informant interviews. Purposive sampling was applied to obtain the sample size.
The dual economic theory (Lewis, 1954) and the labour migration theory (Harris & Todaro, 1970) prove that negative socio-economic trends in rural areas contribute to push factors that trigger urban migration, affecting mainly young people from farming communities who rely on agriculture. However, the study shows that the theories do not expand on the harshness of lifestyles in urban areas, especially the lack of social services. It is necessary to expand on these theories to allow an urban migrant to choose whether to continue residing in an urban area when the motive for migration is fulfilled or, alternatively, to avoid the hardships of urban life and to return to the agriculturally based economy in rural areas in events where the basis of migration is not fulfilled.
Gaps exist in the literature on urbanisation in Namibia, specifically the impact of rapid urbanisation on social service delivery in informal settlements. This knowledge gap prompted the researcher to conduct this study in order to understand the dynamics of internal migration, how it contributes to rapid urbanisation and the pressure it exerts on the provision of services. The results of this study can guide and direct policy and remedial actions to address the problem. The ethnographic findings of the study confirm the negative impact of rapid urbanisation on the provision of services in the settlement.
The study outcomes have the potential to show policymakers and administrators how to reverse the socio-economic inequalities in the settlement. These findings can be used to reshape, improve and implement policy to ensure a better livelihood for people residing in the Havana informal settlement.Ho aha ditoropong ha ho batlisiswe hantle Namibia, ka dingodilweng tse teng tse hlokomolohileng ditaba tse jwalo ka kgaello ya phano ya ditshebeletso le phello ya yona maphelong a baahi ba dulang metsaneng e seng malaong. Thesisi ena e ile ya hlahloba hore na ho falla ha ka hare ho naha ho ama ho ata ha ho fallela ditoropong le ho hatella ditshebeletso tsa setjhaba (metsi, motlakase, matlo, ditshebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle, thuto) motsaneng o seng molaong o nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa wa Havana, Windhoek, Namibia.Thuto e ile ya hlahloba boemo ba ho itokisetsa ha balaodi ho sebetsana le ho se fihlellehe ha ditshebeletso tsa motheo tsa setjhaba sebakeng sa bodulo. E boetse e hlahlobile boteng ba dikgothaletso tsa ho fokotsa le ho laola ho falla ha metse ya mahaeng ho ya metseng e meng ho isa boholeng bo itseng, e leng mohlodi wa ho ata ho fallela ditoropong ka potlako Namibia.
Patlisiso e sebedisitse mokgwa wa boleng mme e sebedisitse disebediswa tsa pokello ya dintlha tse kang dipuisano tsa dihlopha tse tsepamisitsweng maikutlong, dipuisano, tebello le tlhahlobo ya ditokomane. Dintlha tsa thuto di ile tsa fumanwa ho bankakarolo ba 66 ba nang le baetapele ba setjhaba ho tswa ho e nngwe le e nngwe ya mabatowa a mahlano; basadi le banna ba etellang pele malapa; hammoho le batjha ba bong ka bobedi.Dihlopha tsena di ile tsa nka karolo dipuisanong tsa dihlopha tse tsepamisitsweng maikutlo. Basebeletsi ba masepala wa Windhoek, mmuso le baetapele ba setjhaba ba nkile karolo dipuisanong tsa bohlokwa tsa ditsebisi. Sampole ya morero e sebedisitswe ho fumana boholo ba sampole.
Kgopolotaba ya moruo (Lewis, 1954) le kgopolo ya ho falla ha basebetsi (Harris & Todaro, 1970) di paka hore mekgwa e mebe ya moruo le moruo dibakeng tsa mahaeng e kenya letsoho ho susumetsang batho ho fallela ditoropong, tse amang haholo batjha ba tswang ditjhabeng tsa dihwai ba itshetlehileng ka bona ho temothuo. Leha ho le jwalo, phuputso e bontsha hore dikgopolotaba ha di atolose ho thatafala ha mekgwa ya bophelo dibakeng tsa ditoropo, haholoholo kgaello ya ditshebeletso tsa setjhaba. Hwa hlokahala ho atolosa dikgopolo tsena ho dumella motho ya falletseng ditoropong ho ikgethela hore na o tla tswela pele ho dula sebakeng sa ditoropo ha sepheo sa ho falla se phethahala kapa, ho e na le hoo, ho qoba mathata a bophelo ba ditoropong le ho kgutlela moruong wa temo dibakeng tsa mahaeng diketsahalong tseo motheo wa ho falla o sa phethahalang.
Dikgeo di teng dibukeng tse mabapi le ho fallela ditoropong naheng ya Namibia, haholoholo phello ya ho fallela ditoropong ka potlako ho phano ya ditshebeletso tsa setjhaba metsaneng e seng ya malao. Lekgalo lena la tsebo le ile la etsa hore mofuputsi a etse phuputso ena e le hore a utlwisise matla a ho falla ha ka hare ho naha, hore na a kenya letsoho jwang ho potlakisang ha metse e meholo le kgatello eo e fanang ka yona ho fana ka ditshebeletso.Diphetho tsa thuto ena di ka tataisa le ho tsamaisa maano le diketso tsa tokiso ho rarolla bothata. Diphumano tsa ethnographic tsa thuto di tiisa phello e mpe ya ho fallela ditoropong ho phano ka ditshebeletso sebakeng sa bodulo.
Diphetho tsa thuto di na le monyetla wa ho bontsha baetsi ba melawana le batsamaisi mokgwa wa ho kgutlisa ho se lekane ha moruo wa setjhaba sebakeng sa bodulo.
Diphumano tsena di ka sebediswa ho hlophisa botjha, ho ntlafatsa le ho kenya tshebetsong leano ho netefatsa bophelo bo betere bakeng sa batho ba dulang metsaneng e seng malaong ya Havana.Relatief min navorsing oor verstedeliking word in Namibië gedoen terwyl die beskikbare literatuur relevante kwessies soos ’n gebrek aan dienslewering en die invloed daarvan op die lewensbestaan van burgers wat in informele nedersettings woon, afskeep word. Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die mate waartoe interne migrasie verstedeliking raak en druk uitoefen op maatskaplike dienste (water, elektrisiteit, behuising, gesondheidsdienste, opvoeding) in die mees dig bevolkte informele nedersetting, Havana in Windhoek, Namibië. Hierdie studie bevraagteken owerhede se vlak van gereedheid om die ontoeganklikheid van basiese maatskaplike dienste in die nedersetting aan te spreek. Dit ondersoek ook die beskikbaarheid van aansporings om landelik-stedelike migrasie, wat die bron van vinnige verstedeliking in Namibië is, te minimaliseer en tot ’n mate te reguleer.
Die navorsing het die kwalitatiewe benadering gevolg en data-insamelingsinstrumente soos fokusgroepbesprekings, onderhoude, waarneming en dokumenthersiening gebruik. Data vir die studie is met behulp van 66 deelnemers bekom wat saamgestel is uit gemeenskapsleiers uit elk van die vyf wyke; vrouens en mans wat aan die hoof van hulle huishoudings staan; asook jeugdiges van beide geslagte. Hierdie groepe het aan die fokusgroepbesprekings deelgeneem. Amptenare van die munisipaliteit van Windhoek, die regering en gemeenskapsleiers het aan die sleutelinformantonderhoude deelgeneem. Doelbewuste steekproefneming is toegepas om die steekproefgrootte te bekom.
Die tweeledige ekonomiese teorie (Lewis, 1954) en die arbeidsmigrasieteorie (Harris & Todaro, 1970) het bewys dat negatiewe sosio-ekonomiese tendense in landelike gebiede tot drukfaktore kan bydra wat stedelike migrasie veroorsaak en hoofsaaklik jongmense van plaasgemeenskappe wat op landbou staatmaak, raak. Hierdie studie toon egter dat die teorieë nie uiteensit oor hoe moeilik dit is om in stedelike gebiede te woon nie. Dit is noodsaaklik om op hierdie teorieë uit te brei ten einde ’n stedelike migrant toe te laat om te kies of hy/sy steeds in ’n stedelike gebied wil bly wanneer daar aan die beweegrede vir migrasie voldoen is, of as alternatief, om die swaarkry van ’n stedelike lewe te vermy en na die landbougebaseerde ekonomie in landelike gebiede terug te keer wanneer daar nie aan die oorsake van migrasie voldoen is nie.
Daar is heelwat leemtes in die literatuur wat verstedeliking in Namibië betref, veral die invloed van vinnige verstedeliking op maatskaplike dienslewering in informele nedersettings. Hierdie kennisgaping het die navorser aangemoedig om hierdie studie aan te pak om die dinamika van interne migrasie te verstaan, asook hoe dit tot vinnige verstedeliking bydra en die druk wat dit op die lewering van dienste plaas. Die resultate van hierdie studie kan as riglyn vir beleid en regstellende aksies dien om sodoende die probleem op te los. Die etnografiese bevindings van die studie bevestig die negatiewe uitwerking van vinnige verstedeliking op die verskaffing van dienste in die nedersetting.
Die uitkomste van die studie beskik oor die potensiaal om aan beleidmakers en administrateurs te wys hoe om die sosio-ekonomiese ongelykhede in die nederstting om te keer. Hierdie bevindings kan gebruik word om beleide te hervorm, te verbeter en te implementeer ten einde beter lewenskwaliteit vir mense wat in die Havana- informele nedersetting woon, te verseker.Ph.D. (Development Studies)Development Studie
Strategies to promote the prevention and control of human papilloma virus infection and its sequela among Ethiopian women
Get PDFHuman Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract and is the cause of precancerous cervical lesions that may progress to cancer. Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Ethiopia. The two most effective strategies to prevent and control HPV infection and CC are high coverage of HPV vaccination and CC screening. The prevalence of HPV infection was 26.6%. The most oncogenic HR-HPV genotypes; HPV16 and HPV18 were found at significant proportions of 22.5% and 5.9% respectively. ‘’Other HR-HPV’’ genotypes altogether accounted for the highest proportion of HPV infection, 63.7%. Risk-factors, identified as having a statistically significant association with HPV infection were being divorced, post-coital bleeding, early sexual debut, having multiple sexual partners, STI, and being HIV-positive. The prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions was 12.5%, and most risk-factors mentioned above had significant association to development of precancerous lesions too.
There was low perceived-susceptibility but high perceived-severity towards HPV infection and CC among women. Perceived-benefits of CC screening were early diagnosis and treatment of symptoms before they turned into cancer. Fear of results and negative peer pressure were perceived-barriers identified not to get screened.
Strategies and education programmes pertaining to HPV infection and CC should be organised and implemented.
The purpose of this study was to develop strategies to promote the prevention and control of HPV infection and CC among Ethiopian women.
The research was conducted on 383 women in Adama, Ethiopia. The Health Belief Model (HBM) guided the study. Explanatory sequential mixed methods research was employed, which included an initial quantitative survey followed by qualitative interviews. Descriptive cross-sectional and an exploratory descriptive and contextual study designs were employed in the quantitative and qualitative phases, respectively. Data in the quantitative phase were collected via a systematic sampling technique and analysed statistically using SPSS version 26, while via a purposive sampling technique and analysed thematically using content analysis in the qualitative phase. Methodological triangulation was employed to integrate the quantitative and qualitative strands. The e-Delphi technique was applied to achieve common viewpoints from expertsD. Litt. et Phil. (Nursing)Health Studie