21838 research outputs found
Sort by
John Pokela : political biography of a Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) leader in South Africa, 1921-1985
No full textThis dissertation is a political biography of John Nyati Pokela, a prominent leader in
the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) of South Africa, who played a central role in the
liberation struggle against apartheid from the mid-20th century until his death in 1985.
The study critically examines Pokela’s life, ideological development, political activism
and his enduring legacy within the broader context of South Africa’s liberation
movements. The research explores Pokela’s early life in the Eastern Cape,
highlighting the socioeconomic and cultural influences that shaped his political
consciousness. As a starting point, it investigates Pokela’s educational experiences at
Healdtown Missionary School and Fort Hare University, where exposure to the African
National Congress (ANC) Youth League’s radical ideologies and the Program of
Action of 1949 inspired his advocacy for militant resistance against colonial and
apartheid oppression. Pokela’s leadership in the PAC is contextualised within the
factional split from the ANC, driven by ideological differences over African nationalism
and multiracialism. As a PAC leader, Pokela championed radical Pan-Africanist
principles, emphasising African self-reliance, mass mobilization and liberation through
armed struggle. The study further interrogates the formation and operations of POQO
— the armed wing of the PAC — which later evolved into the Azanian People’s
Liberation Army (APLA). Central to the research is Pokela’s imprisonment on Robben
Island, a crucible that transformed him into a seasoned political strategist and unifier
within the PAC. Despite enduring harsh conditions, Pokela played a critical role in
forging solidarity among incarcerated liberation leaders, strengthening the ideological
resolve of the PAC, and preparing for post-apartheid leadership. By situating Pokela’s
biography within the broader anti-apartheid narrative, this study contributes to the
historiography of South Africa’s liberation movements that often-overlooked
contributions of the PAC and its leaders.Ph. D. (History)Department of Histor
The potential impact of the generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) and similar language models on online assessment
No full textThe rapid pace at which natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI)
are developing provides educators with new and creative tools. The Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), a language model that simulates human speech and conducts interactive dialogues, is one of them. As online assessment becomes more common, ChatGPT and related language models present not only exciting opportunities but also significant challenges. Online assessment is about to undergo a revolution owing to the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and language models such as ChatGPT. Applications driven by AI make efficiency improvements possible, including personalised feedback and automatic grading. However, the use of AI-powered technologies, such as ChatGPT, in online learning raises questions about the validity, fairness and originality of the assessed information, especially in higher education. For example, ChatGPT is based on the OpenAI Chat-3 model, which can auto-fill photos, translate, build computer programmes and create narratives. GPT-4 is even more intelligent than GPT-3. It is not only capable of handling longer prompts and conversations but also less prone to factual errors. Nevertheless, GPT-3 responds quicker and is, unlike GPT-4, not constrained by hourly prompts. Since COVID-19, online assessment techniques have grown in popularity because they are a quick and easy way to evaluate students’ knowledge, skills and competences. For this reason, online assessment could undergo a substantial revolution with the introduction of
sophisticated language models such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT. Despite constant debate about
ChatGPT, real-world examples of its application in online tests are scant. Clarifying the
evaluation process is essential since many students prioritise passing tests over embracing
the year-long learning process, which creates a gap between the process and its result.
This paper examines the potential of integrating ChatGPT into online assessments, its
potential benefits for educators and educational institutions, as well as its potential drawbacks and provides practical examples to use. The purpose of this study necessitated document analysis as a research methodology. The possible effects of generative technology, such as
ChatGPT, on teacher education, were examined by means of an exploratory research
methodology. The intention was to suggest teacher preparation programmes to improve
assessment procedures by using internet resources. Furthermore, an interpretative paradigm emphasising the understanding of human perspectives was adopted in this research. To ensure the validity and legitimacy of the information, the researcher collected official data from ChatGPT’s website and published research papers. The transferability of the study depends on the extent to which the conclusions can be applied to other groups or environments. Although she was fully aware of the possibility of transferability and the subjective and contextual aspects of reality, the researcher did not claim that the same findings would be achieved under all circumstances. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institution. This learning process into something more significant than merely rating student performance by utilising ChatGPT. ChatGPT has the potential to enhance the learning process immensely. Opportunities to create creative and inclusive teaching, learning, and evaluation are among the strategies of online assessments. Use your past knowledge and abilities to take on new tasks and encourage group learning. These advanced language models can improve assessment experiences for both educators and students and transform adaptive examinations into automated evaluations and feedback. Practical suggestions for the use of ChatGPT in online assessment, addressing gaps in the literature, include the following: Use ChatGPT to provide immediate, formative feedback on students’ writing, coding, or problem-solving. Integrate ChatGPT as a tutor for academic writing tasks – idea generation, planning, and refinement – which is ideal for students with language barriers or limited access to writing support.
Students can compare their answers with those generated by ChatGPT and critically evaluate them. However, prejudice, dependability, security, and privacy need to be addressed with great care. By working together, academics, educators, and legislators can maximise the advantages of language models while maintaining moral principles and guaranteeing the validity and fairness of online tests. ChatGPT has given higher education another chance to offer and assess inclusive, creative teaching and learning. In fact, it is universally recommended that educators, scholars and academic institutions use generative AI technology. They ought to investigate it, learn about its drawbacks, think about its possible applications in their fields of study or instruction, and discuss it with their students, who are probably already using it.Curriculum and Instructional Studie
Exploring the association between the digital food environment and consumers' relationship with food in young adult South Africans
No full textThe Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has transformed various industries, including the food sector, influencing how consumers access food-related information and services. The digital food environment, comprising social media, digital marketing, and online food retail, plays a significant role in shaping food perceptions, particularly among Millennials and Generation Z. Given their substantial commercial influence and the rising prevalence of diet-related diseases, understanding young adults' food perceptions in this digital era is crucial.
This study aimed to investigate the association between the digital food environment and young South African adults’ relationship with food. A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed via social media. A total of 354 respondents were included in the final analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis, were performed using IBM SPSS.
Findings revealed that most respondents (69% female, 85% Black African) actively engage with social media, with 48.6% logging in more than six times daily. While 52.3% use food delivery apps, 59.3% do not utilize grocery delivery services. Exploratory factor analysis identified four key food meaning domains: Aesthetic and Health, Social Connection, Environmental Impact, and Spirituality. Regression analysis showed a negative association between food delivery app use and Aesthetic and Health (β = -0.174, p = 0.009) and between social media activity and Social Connection (β = -0.180, p = 0.002).
These results suggest that while digital platforms shape food perceptions, they may not significantly alter ingrained cultural and personal values. Further research is needed to explore these dynamics in depth.M.A. (Consumer Science)Department of life and consumer Scienc
Experiences of primary health care nurses regarding workload in Gauteng Province, South Africa
No full textThe increased demand for health care services, the burden of diseases and management challenges has contributed to increased workload in primary health care facilities across the world. The larger part of this workload falls heavily upon nurses, who are at the forefront of primary health care service delivery. The challenge is particularly acute in countries of the Global South due to large populations and a death of qualified nursing practitioners. South Africa is not spared due to its large population and very high rates of in-migration in provinces such as Gauteng. This research seeks to explore the experiences of primary health care nurses regarding their workload at PHC clinics in Johannesburg, Gauteng Province. Specifically, the objectives were to: explore PHC nurses' experiences with workload, examine its effects on quality care, and evaluate its impact on job satisfaction.
The qualitative research design was employed and an exploratory-descriptive approach followed. The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model was used as the theoretical foundation for this study, providing a framework to understand how job demands such as high patient loads and administrative tasks interact with limited resources to impact nurses' wellbeing and job performance. Data was collected from PHC nurses through semi-structured interviews. The study was conducted in selected PHC clinics and a Community Health care Centre (CHC) within Johannesburg, where nurses face high patient volumes and work in environments constrained by limited resources. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis framework, which enabled the identification of key themes such as the nature of workload, performance pressures, resource constraints, and coping mechanisms.
The findings revealed that excessive workload, primarily driven by staff shortages, elevated nurse-to-patient ratios, and administrative burdens, negatively impacts both the quality of patient care and nurses’ overall wellbeing. The emotional and physical strains on nurses contributed to burnout, reduced job satisfaction, and compromised patient care. Considering these findings, the study recommends policy-level interventions, including revising nurse-to-patient ratios, enhancing recruitment and retention strategies, and offering additional support resources, such as mental health services and employee assistance programmes. These measures are crucial for improving both the delivery of health care services and the wellbeing of PHC nurses working in resource-constrained environments.M.A. (Nursing Science)Health Studie
Examining the value gap: aligning professional bodies' value proposition with member expectations
No full textText and abstract in EnglishProfessional bodies are facing challenges in recruiting and retaining members while also ensuring member engagement and satisfaction. This raises questions about the perceived value that members derive from their engagement with professional bodies. This study examines the value gap between professional bodies and their members, focusing on the alignment or misalignment between the value propositions offered by professional bodies and the expectations of their members. The research investigates whether members are fully aware of the distinctions between professional bodies and associations, and how these differences influence their expectations of value. It considers whether members recognise the broader societal and professional contributions of professional bodies, or if they primarily evaluate their membership based on more immediate and personal benefits. Additionally, the study delves into the implications of these perceptions, particularly in terms of satisfaction, retention, and engagement. The study employed a qualitative approach, utilising in-depth interviews. A total of eight MASA registered members in Johannesburg, South Africa, were interviewed for this study. These participants were selected based on two criteria: whether they were currently registered with MASA and whether they held a professional designation from MASA as a recognised professional body or association. Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the data. ATLAS. Ti, a qualitative data analysis software package, was utilised to facilitate data analysis. ATLAS. Ti was mainly used to classify and organise data, and Thematic Analysis was used to identify themes. Findings of this study show that anyone with the necessary credentials can sign up and join a professional body. However, obtaining a professional designation recognised by South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) requires more than just academic credentials. The findings further reveal that, by joining professional bodies, members' benefits include accreditation, recognition, Continuing Professional Development, networking, and engagement. Further analysis revealed a distinction between an association and a SAQA-approved professional body. It is up to the professional body or association to communicate its role and clarify the difference so that members can understand the responsibilities of each organisation. The research may also benefit the professional industry since it addresses membership and partnerships among academics, professional groups, and industry.M. Com. (Business Management)Business Managemen
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of enterococci bacteria using novel charged porphyrinoids conjugated to lipoic acid functionalized iron(iii)-silver nanocomposites
No full textMeso-tetra (2-thienyl) porphyrin and 5-pyridyl-10,15,20-tri(4'-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin were synthesized through the well-known Alder-Longo procedure and subsequently metalated using SnCl2 and GaCl3 salts and then characterized. The resultant stannous and gallium metalated derivatives were conjugated to Fe3O4@Ag Nanocomposites fabricated using Allium cepa using the hydrothermal synthesis. A facile, rapid and green method to prepare magnetite-silver (Fe3O4@Ag) nanocomposites in a two-step reaction in which an aqueous solution of ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3. 6H2O), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2. 4H2O), (1:2 molar ratio) was mixed with dropwise added onion (Allium cepa) juice extract at room temperature and pressure before the addition of NH4OH to a pH of ~10 and placed into autoclaves for 5 hours at 160°C. In a similar modified fashion magnetite-silver nanocomposites were formed with the addition of AgNO3 and later functionalised with α-lipoic acid for antimicrobial studies on Enterococci using porphyrin complex nanoconjugates. The resultant nanoparticles, nanocomposites and porphyrin nanoconjugates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD analysis showed that the nanostructures were highly crystalline in nature and well-monodispersed with average diameter ranging 58-75 nm, varied by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The compared absorption spectra revealed the porphyrins to have red-shifted as to be expected due to substituents at meso-positions and diamagnetic metal insertion which caused readjustments of the electronic structure of tetrapyrrole core.
The photodynamic activities of the fabricated nanoconjugates were assessed towards municipal wastewater-derived environmental Enterococci cell obliteration. This study investigated the antimicrobial performance of conjugated metallo-complexes of neutral tetra(thienyl)- (TThPor) and mono-cationic (MTyP) porphyrins. It was believed that their conjugated metallo-complexes deserved exploration due to their photophysical, photochemical and chemical properties. The photophysical studies of the prepared complexes exhibited favourable fluorescence lifetimes and associated singlet oxygen quantum yield (ՓΔ) generation attributed notably to the heavy metals (Sn4+ and Ga3+) insertion and upon the Fe3O4@Ag nanoconjugate formation. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation (aPDI) comparative studies were done on three pure isolated species of environmental Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus faecium with percentage identity 99.92%, 99.47% and 99.81% respectively and resultant photoinactivation profiles of % cell viability values of ( 0, 0 ,3 %) respectively after 30 min photo treatment with complex (Meso-tetra (2-thienyl)porphyrinatostannous(IV)dichloride)_(Cl2SnTThPor) conjugated to Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles (NPs) at determined optimum concentration of 20g/mL. The bacterial isolates were sampled from wastewater treatment plants in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa and subsequently the Gauteng province in an effort to highlight the microbial disinfection requirements of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) that transcends across the poorest (Eastern Cape) and richest (Gauteng) provinces of South Africa. Complex [Cl2SnTThPor-Fe3O4@Ag]20g/mL exhibited the most effective bacterial inactivation owing to τf = 4.980 ns observed fluorescence lifetime with singlet oxygen yield ՓΔ of 0.94 for aPDI.M. Sc. (Chemistry)College of Engineering, Science and Technolog
Instructional leadership challenges facing intersen phase departmental heads: a case of primary schools in the Vhembe east district
No full textText in EnglishThis qualitative case study explored the Instructional Leadership challenges encountered by Departmental Heads (DHs) in the Intersen Phase of primary schools in the Vhembe East District. Semi-structured interviews with six DHs and focus group discussion with twelve educators revealed that DHs consider themselves instructional leaders responsible for monitoring and guiding educators. The study found that DHs face significant challenges, including lack of expertise in certain subjects, extensive workload, and resistance to change from educators. These challenges were found to be caused by the system itself as well as the attitude of DHs towards their IL roles. Supervising too many subjects, which may not be DH’s specialty, is likely to result in ineffectiveness and inefficiency in IL practices, and this may ultimately affect educators’ professional development and learners’ performance. To address these challenges, the study recommends cooperation between DHs and educators, delegating administrative tasks, training and development of educators, outsourcing human resources, and sharing workload with the School Management Team. The study’s findings have implications for policy and practice, highlighting the need for improved departmental head post provisioning and support for DHs to enhance Instructional Leadership and ultimately improve the quality of education.M. Ed. (Educational Management)College of Educatio
The impact of climate change on South Africa’s railway infrastructure and related operations
No full textThe consequences of climate change are increasingly evident on rail networks worldwide, prompting the need for adaptation and mitigation measures to be integrated with rail operational practices. South Africa, like the rest of the world is experiencing more frequent and severe climate change-induced extreme weather events, impacting its rail network. This study examines the effects of these events on the infrastructure and operations of the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA) in eThekwini and Tshwane Metropolitan municipalities. Using a mixed-method approach including semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions, the study gathered perspectives from PRASA management, train operators, and passengers. Findings indicate that floods and severe storms are the most prominent extreme weather events, with over 55% of occurrences near rail lines between 1920 and 2022. These events strongly correlate with service disruptions affecting passenger travel and train operator safety at PRASA, Metrorail from 2018 to 2022. Flooding was also identified through the risk assessment as the most critical climate risk at PRASA that is exacerbated by the specific geological features in eThekwini and Tshwane. Additional vulnerabilities such as aging infrastructure, vandalism, theft and irregular maintenance practices further impact on PRASA’s operations. To enhance PRASA’s resilience, the study proposed several adaptation and mitigation measures. These include infrastructure upgrades for flood barriers, elevating tracks above common flood levels, upgrading drainage systems and implementing weather prediction and early warning systems. Operational changes are also recommended including regular infrastructure maintenance, updating contingency plans, continuous staff training and thorough vulnerability assessments. The study stresses the importance of stakeholder engagement and collaboration in resilience planning. These measures are informed by global case studies and align with national, regional and global climate strategies and policies including the National Climate Change Response White Paper 2011, South African Low Emission Development Strategy (LEDS), National Transport Master Plan (NATMAP) 2050, Green Transport Strategy, Africa Agenda 2063 and the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs)D. Litt. et Phil. (Environmental Management)Environmental Science
Living conditions of adult female offenders at Bizzah Makhate Correctional Centre in Kroonstad, Free State Province: an explorative criminological study
No full textAbstracts and keywords in English, Sotho and XhosaThe female offender population is increasing significantly, both globally and within South Africa. However, female offenders’ unique experiences and narratives are often minimised and overshadowed by those of their male counterparts. The purpose of this study is to explore and explain the living conditions of female offenders incarcerated at the Bizzah Makhate Correctional Centre. Twenty participants were selected for this study using non-probability sampling techniques, namely purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Two focus groups, with 10 participants each, as well as one-on-one semi-structured interviews with two participants, were conducted to gather data. Criminological theories were applied to explain the experiences of the female offenders. Thematic analysis was used to analyse and interpret the data collected. The findings revealed that the needs of the female offenders are not adequately met. Recommendations were made aimed at addressing this issue and recommendations for future similar studies.Palo ya batlodi ba molao ba basadi e ntse e eketseha haholo lefatsheng ka bophara le ka hare ho Afrika Borwa. Leha ho le jwalo, diphihlelo tse ikgethang tsa batlodi ba basadi le ditlaleho hangata di nyenyefatswa le ho kwahelwa ke tsa balekane ba bona ba banna.Sepheo sa thuto ena ke ho hlahloba le ho hlalosa maemo a bophelo a basenyi ba basadi ba kwaletsweng Setsing sa Tlhabollo sa Bizzah Makhate. Ho kgethilwe banka -karolo ba mashome a mabedi bakeng sa thuto ena ho sebediswa mekgwa e seng ya monyetla wa ho etsa disampole, e leng disampole tsa morero le disampole tsa lehlwa.Dihlopha tse pedi tse tsepamisitsweng maikutlo, tse nang le banka-karolo ba 10 sehlopha ka seng, hammoho le dipuisano tse hlophisitsweng ka bonngwe le banka-karolo ba babedi, di ile tsa etswa ho bokella dintlha. Ho ile ha sebediswa dikgopolo tsa botlokotsebe ho hlalosa diphihlelo tsa batlodi ba molao ba basadi. Tshekatsheko ya mokotaba e ile ya sebediswa ho manolla le ho hlalosa dintlha tse bokelletsweng
Diphumano di senotse hore ditlhoko tsa batlodi ba molao ba basadi ha di kgotsofatswe ka ho lekaneng. Dikgothalletso di ile tsa etswa tse reretsweng ho rarolla bothata bona le dikgothaletso bakeng sa dithuto tse tshwanang tse tlang.Inani labaphulimthetho ababhinqileyo liyanda kakhulu, kwihlabathi jikelele naseMzantsi Afrika. Nangona kunjalo, amava neengxelo ezikhethekileyo zababhinqileyo zihlala zincitshiswa kwaye zisithwa ziingxelo zabalingane babo abangamadoda. Injongo yolu phandolwazi kukuphonononga nokucacisa iimeko zokuhlala zabaphulimthetho ababhinqileyo abavalelwe kwiziko lezoluleko iBizzah Makhate Correctional Centre. Kolu phandolwazi kuye kwakhethwa abathathinxaxheba abangamashumi amabini kusetyenziswa iindlela zokukhetha igcuntswana ledatha ezinomkhethe, ezizezi, ukukhetha igcuntswana ledatha ngenjongo kunye nokukhethwa kwegcuntswana ledatha ngabathathinxaxheba bophandolwazi. Idatha iqokelelwe ngokwenza udliwanondlebe olujolise kumaqela amabini ekugxilwe kuwo, nabathathinxaxheba abali10 kwiqela ngalinye, kunye nodliwanondlebe olucwangciswe mayane nomntu ngamnye kubathathinxaxheba ababini. Kusetyenziswe iingcingane/iithiyori zolwaphulomthetho ukucacisa amava abaphulimthetho ababhinqileyo. Kukwasetyenziswe uhlalutyontyilazwi lomongo ukuhlalutya nokutolika idatha eqokelelweyo. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba iimfuno zabaphulimthetho ababhinqileyo azifezekiswa ngokwaneleyo. Kwenziwe iingcebiso ezijolise ekuqubulisaneni nalo mba kunye neengcebiso kuphandolwazi olufana nolu lwexesha elizayo.M.A (Criminology)Criminology and Security Scienc
Retail business and customer intention to adopt M-commerce: the case of Enoch Mgijima local municipality
No full textAbstract in English with Afrikaans and Xhosa translationsRetail trade plays a vital role in stimulating economic activity and sustaining livelihoods in many South African communities. In light of high smartphone penetration in South Africa, mobile commerce (m-commerce) offers a scalable, accessible and cost-effective retail payment solution. South African businesses have increasingly adopted m-commerce due to the growth of the knowledge economy and its contribution to the country’s GDP. However, m-commerce adoption has been slow in communities such as Enoch Mgijima Local Municipality (EMLM), which face challenges such as unreliable electricity infrastructure and low digital integration.
An adaptation of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model was used to examine the variables of the UTAUT2 model that influence behavioural intention to adopt m-commerce. The research comprised two phases. Using an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach, in line with the research objectives, the researcher conducted interviews with 15 retail managers in Phase 1 and distributed 228 survey questionnaires to retail customers in Phase 2. Findings from Phase 1 revealed that most retail managers in EMLM have the behavioural intention to adopt m-commerce, with those who already use it intending to continue. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value and risk perception were found to have an impact on the behavioural intention of retail managers in EMLM to adopt m-commerce. Findings from Phase 2 revealed that most retail customers in EMLM intend to use m-commerce in the future and plan to use it regularly. Performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, habit and risk perception were found to have a significant influence on the behavioural intention of retail customers in EMLM to adopt m-commerce.
Key recommendations for retail managers and relevant stakeholders in EMLM include the optimisation of electricity and network infrastructure to promote increased m-commerce retail activity, the mitigation of perceived risk through education and the localised promotion of m-commerce in EMLM to enhance retail businesses’ market access.Kleinhandel speel ’n noodsaaklike rol in die stimulering van ekonomiese aktiwiteit en die handhawing van lewensonderhoud in baie Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskappe. In die lig van die hoë selfoon-penetrasie in Suid-Afrika bied mobiele handel (m-handel) ’n skaalbare, toeganklike en koste-effektiewe kleinhandel-betalingsoplossing. Suid-Afrikaanse besighede het al hoe meer m-handel begin gebruik vanweë die groei van die kennisekonomie en die bydrae daarvan tot die land se BBP. Gemeenskappe soos die Enoch Mgijima-plaaslike munisipaliteit kon egter nog nie regtig gebruik gemaak van m-handel nie, weens uitdagings soos elektriese infrastruktuur en lae digitale integrasie. ’n Wysiging van die Verenigde Teorie van Aanvaarding en Gebruik van Tegnologie 2-model (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2, UTAUT2, model) is gebruik om veranderlikes van die UTAUT2-model te ondersoek wat die gedragsvoorneme om m-handel aan te neem beïnvloed. Die navorsing het uit twee fases bestaan. Deur gebruik te maak van ’n verkennende opeenvolgende gemengde-metodesbenadering, in ooreenstemming met die navorsingsdoelwitte, het die navorser onderhoude gevoer met 15 kleinhandelbestuurders in fase 1 en 228 opname-vraelyste aan kleinhandelkliënte in fase 2 versprei. Bevindings van fase 1 het getoon dat die meeste kleinhandelbestuurders in die Enoch Mgijima-plaaslike munisipaliteit die gedragsvoorneme het om m-handel aan te neem, en dié wat dit reeds gebruik, het die voorneme om dit aan te hou gebruik. Daar is gevind dat prestasieverwagting, inspanningsverwagting, sosiale invloed, fasilitering van toestande, hedoniese motivering, pryswaarde en risikowaarneming ’n invloed het op die gedragsvoorneme van kleinhandelbestuurders in die Enoch Mgijima-plaaslike munisipaliteit om m-handel aan te neem. Bevindings van fase 2 het getoon dat die meeste kleinhandelkliënte in die Enoch Mgijima-plaaslike munisipaliteit van plan is om m-handel in die toekoms te gebruik en beplan om dit gereeld te gebruik. Daar is gevind dat prestasieverwagting, sosiale invloed, fasilitering van toestande, hedoniese motivering, pryswaarde, gewoonte- en risikowaarneming ’n beduidende invloed het op die gedragsvoorneme van kleinhandelkliënte in die Enoch Mgijima-plaaslike munisipaliteit om m-handel aan te neem.
vii
Sleutelaanbevelings vir kleinhandelbestuurders en relevante belanghebbers in die Enoch Mgijima-plaaslike munisipaliteit sluit in die optimalisering van elektrisiteit- en netwerk-infrastruktuur om ’n toename in m-handel-kleinhandelaktiwiteit te bevorder, waargenome risiko deur opvoeding te versag, asook die gelokaliseerde bevordering van m-handel in die Enoch Mgijima-plaaslike munisipaliteit om kleinhandelbesighede se marktoegang te bevorder.Urhwebo lweevenkile ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni inkqubo yezoqoqosho nokugcina ubomi boluntu oluninzi loMzantsi Afrika buzinzile. Ngenxa yokuvela okuphezulu kwesmartphone eMzantsi Afrika, intengiselwano ngeselifowuni (i-m-commerce) ibonelela ngesisombululo esinokwandiswa, esifikelelekayo nesinexabiso eliphantsi lentlawulo yokuthengisa. Amashishini oMzantsi Afrika aye ayamkela intengiselwano ngeselifowuni ngenxa yokukhula koqoqosho lolwazi kunye negalelo layo kwiGDP yelizwe. Nangona kunjalo, ulwamkelo lwentengiselwano ngeselifowuni luye lwacotha kuluntu olufana noloMasipala weNgingqi yase-Enoch Mgijima (iEMLM), olujongene nemingeni efana neziseko zombane ezingathembekanga kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwedijithali okuphantsi.
Kusetyenziswe ulungelelaniso lomfuziselo weNgcingane eManyeneyo yoKwamkeleka nokuSetyenziswa kobuChwepheshe 2 iUnified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (iUTAUT2) lusetyenziselwa ukuphicotha iinguqu zomfuziselo weUTAUT2 echaphazela injongo yendlela yokwamkela intengiselwano ngeselifowuni. Olu phandolwazi lunezigaba ezimbini. Umphandilwazi wenze udliwanondlebe kunye nabaphathi beevenkile abali15 kwiSigaba soku1 waza wahambisa amaxwebhu emibuzo yophando angama228 kubathengi beevenkile kwiSigaba sesi2, esebenzisa indlela yeendlela zokwenza uphandolwazi zokuphicotha ezixubileyo, ngokuhambelana neenjongo zophandolwazi. Iziphumo ezivela kwiSigaba soku1 zibonise ukuba uninzi lwabaphathi beevenkile kwiEMLM banenjongo yokusebenzisa intengiselwano ngeselifowuni, kunye nabo sele beyisebenzisa benenjongo yokuqhubeka beyisebenzisa. Ukusebenza kwesixhobo okulindelekileyo, ukuba lula okanye nzima kokusebenzisa isixhobo okulindelekileyo, impembelelo yezentlalo, izibonelelo neziseko zokusebenzisa isixhobo, impembelelo yokwaneliseka okanye yokunganeliseki ekusebenziseni isixhobo, inzuzo yexabiso kunye nokubonwa komngcipheko zifunyenwe zinempembelelo kwiinjongo zendlela abayibona ngayo abaphathi beevenkile e-EMLM ukuba basebenzise intengiselwano ngeselifowuni.
Iingcebiso eziphambili kubaphathi beevenkile kunye nabo abachaphazelekayo abafanelekileyo e-EMLM zibandakanya ukulungiswa nokuphuculwa kombane kunye neziseko zothungelwano ukukhuthaza ukwanda kwenkqubo yentengiselwano ngeselifowuni, ukunciphisa umngcipheko olindelekileyo ngokufundisa kunye nokukhuthazwa kwentengiselwano ngeselifowuni kwingingqi yase-EMLM ukuphucula ukufikelela kwintengiso yamashishini athengisayo.M. Com. (Business Management(Business Managemen