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An exploration of the variables that act as predictors of insider espionage : a five-factor approach
No full textEspionage has destabilised governments, jeopardised national security, imperilled key infrastructures, diminished the economic strength of nations, and cost lives. The problem addressed through this research premises on the often ineffective processes and underlying conceptual frameworks currently used to ferret out the afore-cited insider threats that are immanent in espionage. The present research, therefore, sets out to explore the crucial variables that act as predictors of insider espionage in governmental, intergovernmental, and industrial organisations; the inter-relatedness of these variables; as well as the consolidation of these variables and their relationships in a conceptual framework that explains insider espionage and serves to predict the associated threats.
To address these objectives, the researcher used a multiple-case analysis method, in which the data from four cases was triangulated through cross-case synthesis. For this purpose, the researcher developed a multidisciplinary conceptual framework consisting of triggers, motives, situational vulnerabilities, markets, and disinhibiting factors. The researcher subsequently performed an in-depth analysis of the constituent elements of these factors. The resulting conceptual framework served as a basis for a multiple-case analysis.
The cross-case synthesis performed in this study supports the view that the five factors precede acts of espionage and can be used to predict associated vulnerabilities. However, the application of the conceptual framework necessitates a complete understanding of the constituent elements. Existing approaches fail to offer this comprehensive view. Based on this study’s findings, the researcher contends that the developed conceptual framework offers greater transparency with respect to insider espionage and its antecedents and can therefore, lay a foundation for greater protection against insider espionage in the future.Spionage hat Regierungen destabilisiert, nationale Sicherheit und wichtige Infrastrukturen gefährdet, die Wirtschaftskraft von Nationen geschädigt und Leben gekostet. Das Problem, das durch die vorliegende Arbeit angesprochen wird, ist das die Prozesse mit denen Insider-Bedrohungen aufgespürt und abgewendet werden sollen häufig ineffektiv sind, weil die Konzepte die den Prozessen zugrunde liegen unzureichend sind. Die vorliegende Forschung untersucht daher die entscheidenden Variablen, die als Prädiktoren für Insiderspionage in staatlichen, zwischenstaatlichen und industriellen Organisationen dienen können. In dieser Arbeit werden auch die Wechselbeziehung dieser Variablen untersucht und in einem konzeptionellen Rahmen (Modell) erfasst, der einerseits Insiderspionage erklärt und anderseits der Vorhersage möglicher individueller Spionagerisiken dienen soll.
Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, verwendete der Forscher eine Multi-Case-Analysemethode, bei der die Daten von vier Fällen durch Cross-Case-Synthese trianguliert wurden. Zur Vorbereitung dieser Analyse entwickelte der Forscher einen multidisziplinären konzeptionellen Rahmen, der aus fünf Faktoren besteht: Auslöser, Motive, situative Vulnerabilitäten, Märkte und enthemmenden Faktoren. Bei der Entwicklung des konzeptionellen Rahmens führte der Forscher eine eingehende Analyse der variablen Bestandteile dieser Faktoren durch. Das daraus resultierende Konzept diente als Grundlage für die Multi-Case-Analyse.
In der Studie folgte eine Cross-Case-Synthese, die die Auffassung unterstützt, dass die fünf genannten Faktoren generell Spionagehandlungen vorausgehen und daher zur Vorhersage individueller Risiken durch Insiderspionage geeignet sind. Die Anwendung des konzeptionellen Rahmens setzt jedoch ein umfassendes Verständnis der variablen Bestandteile dieser Faktoren und ihrer möglichen Ausprägungen voraus. Bisher veröffentlichte Ansätze bieten diese umfassende Sicht nicht. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen dieser Studie argumentiert der Forscher, dass der entwickelte konzeptionelle Rahmen mehr Transparenz in Bezug auf Insiderspionage und ihren Antezedenten bietet und damit künftig eine Grundlage für einen größeren Schutz vor Insiderspionage bieten kann.Spioenasie het al in die verlede regerings gedestabiliseer, nasionale sekuriteit bedreig, sleutelinfrastruktuur in gevaar gestel, die ekonomiese mag van nasies ondermyn en lewensverlies veroorsaak. Die probleem wat in hierdie navorsing ondersoek is, is gegrond op die meestal ondoeltreffende prosesse en onderliggende begripsraamwerke wat tans gebruik word om die binnekennis-bedreigings wat aan spioenasie ten grondslag lê, aan die lig te bring. Die doel van die huidige studie was derhalwe om ondersoek in te stel na die kritieke veranderlikes wat as aanduiders van binnekennis-spioenasie in regerings-, interregerings- en nywerheidsorganisasies dien; die onderlinge verband tussen hierdie veranderlikes; en die konsolidering van hierdie veranderlikes en hulle onderlinge verband in ’n begripsraamwerk wat binnekennis-spioenasie verduidelik en die gepaardgaande bedreigings voorspel.
Ten einde hierdie doelwitte te bereik, het die navorser ’n meervoudigegeval-analise uitgevoer deur die data van vier gevalle by wyse van dwarsgeval-sintese te trianguleer. Die navorser het vir hierdie doel ’n multidissiplinêre begripsraamwerk, bestaande uit snellers (triggers), motiewe, situasionele swakhede (situational vulnerabilities), markte en ontinhiberende faktore (disinhibiting factors), opgestel. Die navorser het vervolgens ’n omvattende analise van die onderliggende elemente van hierdie faktore gedoen. Die gevolglike begripsraamwerk het as grondslag vir die meervoudigegeval-analise gedien.
Die dwarsgeval-sintese wat uitgevoer is, ondersteun die siening dat die vyf faktore spioenasiehandelinge voorafgaan en gebruik kan word om gepaardgaande areas van kwesbaarheid te voorspel. Die toepassing van die begripsraamwerk vereis diepgaande insig in die onderliggende elemente van die faktore. Bestaande benaderings bied nie hierdie omvattende beskouing nie. Die navorser voer op grond van die bevindings van die studie aan dat die opgestelde begripsraamwerk ’n groter mate van deursigtigheid bied ten opsigte van binnekennis-spioenasie en die omstandighede wat dit voorafgaan en gevolglik die grondslag vir groter beskerming teen binnekennis-spioenasie in die toekoms kan lê.Bohlodi bo dirile gore mebuso e fokole, bo beile tshireletsego ya setshaba kotsing, bo beile mananeokgoparara a bohlokwa kotsing, bo fokoditse maatla a ikonomi a ditshaba le go ama maphelo gampe. Bothata bjo bo rarollwago ka nyakisiso ye bo lebantse go ditshepetso tseo gantsi di sa somego gabotse le diforeimiweke tsa dikgopolo tsa motheo tseo ga bjale di somiswago go utulla matshosetsi a ka gare ao a tsopotswego ka mo godimo ao a lego gona ka gare ga bohlodi. Ka fao, maikemisetso a nyakisiso ya bjale ke go lekola diphetogo tse bohlokwa tseo di somago bjalo ka dihlathollo tsa bohlodi tsa ka gare ka mekgatlong ya mmuso, ya magareng ga mebuso, le ya intasteri; go amana ga diphetogo tse; gammogo le go kgoboketswa ga diphetogo tse le dikamano tsa tsona ka gare ga foreimiweke ya kgopolo yeo e hlalosago bohlodi bja ka gare le go soma go bonelapele matshosetsi ao a bolelwago.
Go sogana le maikemisetso a, monyakisisi o somisitse mokgwa wa tshekatsheko ya ditiragalo tse ntsi, woo go wona datha go tswa go ditiragalo tse nne e arogantswe ka motswako wa papiso ya ditiragalo. Go morero wo, monyakisisi o hlamile foreimiweke ya kgopolo ya dikarolo tse dintsi yeo e bopilwego ka dihlohleletsi, maikemisetso, go hlaselega gabonolo ga maemo, mebaraka le mabaka ao a thibelago. Ka morago monyakisisi o ile a dira tshekatsheko ye e tseneletsego ya dielemente tseo di bopago mabaka a. Foreimiweke ya kgopolo yeo e tsweletsego e somile bjalo ka motheo wa tshekatsheko ya ditiragalo tse ntsi.
Motswako wa papiso ya ditiragalo woo o dirilwego ka mo nyakisisong ye o thekga kgopolo ya gore mabaka a mahlano a tla pele ga ditiro tsa bohlodi gomme a ka somiswa go bonelapele mafokodi ao a bolelwago. Le ge go le bjalo, tiriso ya foreimiweke ya kgopolo e nyaka kwesiso ye e feletsego ya dielemente tsa karolo. Mekgwa yeo e lego gona e palelwa ke go fa kgopolo ye e feletsego. Go ya ka dikutullo tsa nyakisiso ye, monyakisisi o bolela gore foreimiweke ya kgopolo ye e hlamilwego e bea pepeneneng gagolo mabapi le bohlodi bja ka gare le ditiragalo bja yona bja pele gomme ka fao, e ka thea motheo wa tshireletso ye kgolo kgahlanong le bohlodi bja ka gare ka moso.Ph. D. (Criminal Justice)Criminology and Security Scienc
Remittance inflows, poverty and economic growth in Tanzania: A multivariate causality model
Get PDFThe study examined the causal flow between economic growth, poverty, and remittances in Tanzania, using annual data from 1990 to 2020. Tanzania is working to achieve the policy targets set in its Vision 2025, and the findings of this study will add value to policy effectiveness and timing. The study uses household consumption expenditure per capita (HCE) as a measure of poverty, the rate of change in GDP as a measure of economic growth, and remittance inflows as a percentage of GDP as a measure of remittances. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration and ECM-based Granger causality, the study found a bidirectional causality between remittances and poverty in the short run and a unidirectional causal flow from remittances to poverty in the long run. No causality was found between remittances and economic growth and between economic growth and household consumption expenditure per capita. The findings of this study point to the importance of remittances in poverty reduction and sustainable development in Tanzania. Policy implications are also discussed.Economic
The effectiveness of a value-added social curriculum to empower working mothers studying at an ODL institution
Get PDFAbstracts in English, Afrikaans and Northern SothoThere is a notable concern regarding the increasing responsibilities that working mothers are experiencing in South Africa and the world, trying to further their education. If online distance education is going to be a viable option for working mothers, the educators and institutions must take the responsibility to assist these students by providing them with life skills that empower them after completing their studies. Although the formal qualifications these students are pursuing are vital for future success, it is equally crucial for them to focus on other aspects of life to ensure total personal balance and functioning outside of their formal qualifications. Therefore, the research focused on the need for holistic support in empowering women, in particular mothers, to manage their roles, create better futures and derive positive outcomes and achievements in their daily lives.
This qualitative empirical study included a critical research paradigm using an exploratory-descriptive qualitative (EDQ) approach in a case study research type. The study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a value-added social curriculum in empowering working mothers studying at an ODL institution. In addition, the study examined the effectiveness of using ODL initiatives in providing women with practical skills and knowledge in different areas of their lives.
The findings of this study revealed that although women are overwhelmed by their multiple roles, they will take any opportunity to educate themselves further, whether in a formal or informal setting. All participants made positive changes to their lives using the practical information gained in the social curriculum and found the modules to be relevant to their current struggles. The women also viewed the social curriculum as an added support structure in helping them succeed in their studies. The findings indicate that the social curriculum empowers working mothers studying at an ODL institution, provided that they actively engage in the material and apply the knowledge to their everyday lives.Daar is 'n noemenswaardige kommer oor die toenemende verantwoordelikhede wat werkende moeders in Suid-Afrika en die wêreld ervaar om hul opvoeding te bevorder. As aanlyn-afstandsonderrig 'n lewensvatbare opsie vir werkende moeders gaan wees, moet die opvoeders en instansies die verantwoordelikheid neem om hierdie studente by te staan deur vir hulle lewensvaardighede te voorsien wat hulle bemagtig nadat hulle hul studies voltooi het. Alhoewel die formele kwalifikasies wat hierdie studente nastreef noodsaaklik is vir toekomstige sukses, is dit net so noodsaaklik dat hulle op ander aspekte van die lewe fokus om totale persoonlike balans en funksionering buite hul formele kwalifikasies te verseker. Daarom het die navorsing gefokus op die behoefte aan holistiese ondersteuning om vroue, veral moeders, te bemagtig om hul rolle te bestuur, 'n beter toekoms te skep en positiewe uitkomstes en suksesse in hul daaglikse lewens te bereik.
Hierdie kwalitatiewe empiriese studie het 'n kritiese navorsingsparadigma ingesluit wat 'n verkennende-beskrywende kwalitatiewe benadering in 'n gevallestudie-navorsingstipe gebruik. Die studie het ten doel gehad om die doeltreffendheid van 'n sosiale kurrikulum met toegevoegde waarde in die bemagtiging van werkende moeders wat aan 'n aanlyn-afstandsonderrig-instelling studeer, te ondersoek. Daarbenewens het die studie die doeltreffendheid van die gebruik van aanlyn-afstandsonderrig inisiatiewe ondersoek om vroue van praktiese vaardighede en kennis in verskillende areas van hul lewens te voorsien.
Die bevindinge van hierdie studie het aan die lig gebring dat hoewel vroue oorweldig word deur hul veelvuldige rolle, hulle enige geleentheid sal benut om hulself verder op te voed, hetsy dit in 'n formele of informele omgewing is. Alle deelnemers het positiewe veranderinge in hul lewens aangebring deur die praktiese inligting wat in die sosiale kurrikulum verkry is en het gevind dat die modules relevant is vir hul huidige stryd. Die vroue het ook die sosiale kurrikulum beskou as 'n bykomende ondersteuningstruktuur om hulle te help om suksesvol te wees in hul studies. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat die sosiale kurrikulum werkende moeders bemagtig wat aan 'n aanlyn-afstandsonderrig-instelling studeer, gegee die feit dat hulle aktief betrokke raak met die materiaal en die kennis in hul alledaagse lewens toepas.Go na le tlhobaboroko ye e lemogegago mabapi le go oketsega ga maikarabelo ao bomma bao ba somago ba itemogelago wona ka Afrika Borwa le lefaseng ka bophara, ge ba leka go tswetsa pele dithuto tsa bona. Ge thuto ya go ithuta o le kgole ka inthanete e ya go ba kgetho ye kaone ya bomma bao ba somago, barutisi le diinstitshusene ba swanetse go tsea maikarabelo a go thusa baithuti ba ka go ba fa mabokgoni a bophelo ao a ba matlafatsago ka morago ga go fetsa dithuto tsa bona. Le ge e le gore mangwalo a dithuto a semmuso ao baithuti ba ba ithutelago ona a bohlokwa go katlego ya ka moso, go sa le bohlokwa go bona gore ba kgone go tswela pele ka maphelo a bona le go kgonthisa tekatekano ya motho ka nosi ntle ga dithuto tsa semmuso. Le ge go le bjale, nyakisiso e sekasekile nyakego ya thekgo ye e feletsego le go matlafatsa basadi, kudukudu bomma, go kgona go dira mesomo ya bona bokaone, gore ba be le bokamoso bjo bokaone le go hwetsa dipoelo tse kaone le katlego go maphelo a bona a ka mehla.
Nyakisiso ya phihlelelo ya khwalithethifi e akareditse mokgwa wa nyakisiso wo o tseneletsego ka go somisa mokgwa wa khwalithethifi ya tlhahlobo-tlhaloso (EDQ) go mohuta wa nyakisiso ya thuto ya mohlala. Nyakisiso e sekasekile bohlokwa bja go akaretsa lenaneothuto la setshaba la boleng bjo bo okeditswego go thekga bomma bao ba somago le go ithuta diinstitshuseneng tsa ODL (thuto ya kgole ye e bulegilego). Go tlaleletsa, nyakisiso e sekasekile katlego ya go somisa maano a ODL go fa basadi bokgoni le tsebo go dikarolo tsa go fapanafapana maphelong a bona.
Diphihlelelo tsa nyakisiso ye di utullotse gore le ge basadi ba imelwa kudu ke mesomo ya bona ye mentsi, ba ka tsea sebaka sefe goba sefe sa go tswela pele go ithuta, ka ditsela tsa semmuso goba ye e sego ya semmuso. Batseakarolo ka moka ba bile le katlego maphelong a bona ka go somisa tshedimoso ya tiriṧo ye ba e hweditsego ka lenaneothutong la setshaba gape ba hweditse dimotsule di le maleba go matshwenyego a bona a bjale. Basadi ba bone gape lenaneothuto la setshaba lebjale ka mokgwa wa thekgo wa go ba thusa gore ba atlege dithutong tsa bona. Diphihlelelo di laetsa gore lenaneothuto la setshaba le matlafatsa bomma bao ba somago le go ithuta institshuseneng ya ODL, ge fela ba bala didiriswa tsa thuto le go somisa tsebo ye maphelong a bona a ka mehla.M. Ed. (Open Distance Learning)Educational Studie
The Impact of Virtual Learning Environments on the Practical Skills of Open Distance Learning Students in Electrical Engineering
Get PDFOpen distance learning (ODL) education has been developing rapidly in South Africa. The main reason behind the growth is the demand for online studies created due to the corona pandemic. The ODL system involves study that is not limited by geographical boundaries and extends to many knowledge areas electronically. In practice the study tends to extend to knowledge areas beyond those offered by the standard contact or traditional universities. At the University of South Africa (UNISA), the adoption of the ODL framework to theoretical subjects has been successful by making use of the Sakai virtual learning environment (VLE). The practical subjects or practical knowledge areas on the other hand have previously been taught face-to-face. Therefore, the practical modules have not been effectively taught online particularly in the electrical engineering curriculum. This issue can contribute to graduates who are unskilled in the practical component of a knowledge area, which can lead to unemployment. Virtual learning environments (VLE's) play a vital role when it comes to teaching and learning online. In this paper, the impact of VLE’s on the practical skills of students and practical knowledge is investigated. This is done by analyzing the change in pass rates of students in a practical subject such as Electrical Engineering when taught face-to-face as compared to when taught through a VLE such as Sakai online. Two groups termed as emerging centered learner (ECL) and a developed centered learner (DCL) are investigated. The method evaluates students who study electrical engineering practical module part-time. In this paper the Sakai platform was used as a VLE to teach and then evaluate students in the electrical engineering practical module. The practical guide with the full set of experiments was uploaded on Sakai under additional resources. The students were given the necessary guidelines and tasks via Sakai online, examined and then the pass rates achieved were analyzed at the end of the program and compared to the pass rates achieved using previous face-to-face teaching method used for the same practical’s. It was determined that a VLE can be used to improve the pass rates of a practical module such as electrical engineering taught online in ODL.Electrical and Mining EngineeringUniversity of South Afric
‘Go deeper papa, prophesy, do something’: The popularity and commercialisation of prophetic deliverance in African Pentecostalism
No full textTraditionally, the ministry of deliverance in African Pentecostalism involves the deliverance from generational curses, deliverance as spiritual warfare against witchcraft and other demonic forces and deliverance for healing. Most scholars have already covered the traditional practices of the ministry of deliverance. In this article what is new is the study of deliverance ministry within New Prophetic Churches (NPCs) in South Africa, which the article argues that it is different from the traditional practices. The deliverance ministry among the NPCs is a prophetic dimension that involves the consultation with the prophet to receive freedom from one’s predicaments. This dimension of deliverance raises a challenge of commercialisation within the practice of deliverance in Africa. To deal with the commercialisation of the ministry of deliverance, NPC pastors should heed the call of Jesus in Matthew 10:8 to give freely as they have received freelyChristian Spirituality, Church History and Missiolog
Glass ceiling and advance,ment of women in decision making in the public service of Mauritius
No full textGlass ceiling is one of the barriers that hinder women’s advancement. These barriers are
viewed as artificial because they are social constructed. Moreover, they show a marked
difference between those who have achieved self-actualisation and those left behind. In
this context, women are often marginalized or misrepresented. It is for this reason that
this dissertation aimed to explore the advancement of women in the public service with
specific reference to Mauritius.
A content analysis approach was chosen to undertake this research endeavour. This
entailed undertaking a conceptual study which was appropriate considering that this is a
mini dissertation. The investigated literature revealed that women are not equally
represented in the economy. This seems to be a global problem. It was further found that
women in Mauritius were successful in fighting for their rights and proving themselves
equal to men in the professional domain in the public sector. It was, however, noted that
employees are not evenly distributed in the various ministries in Mauritius. Breaking the
glass ceiling would be possible, provided women work together to overcome these
barriers. It is recommended that women who aspire to advance to executive
management, should take the necessary initiatives to show that they are eager to break
the ceiling.Die glasplafon is een van die hindernisse wat die bevordering van vroue bemoeilik.
Hierdie hindernisse word as kunsmatig beskou omdat dit sosiaal geformuleer is. Boonop
toon dit ’n beduidende verskil tussen dié vroue wat selfverwesenliking bereik het en dié
vroue wat agterweë gebly het. In hierdie konteks word vroue dikwels gemarginaliseer of
wanvoorgestel. Die doel van hierdie proefskrif was om die bevordering van vroue in die
staatsdiens te ondersoek, met spesifieke verwysing na Mauritius.
’n Inhoudsontledingsbenadering is aangeneem vir hierdie navorsingsonderneming.
Hierdie benadering het die onderneming van ’n konseptuele studie behels. Die literatuur
wat bestudeer is, het getoon dat vroue nie in ’n gelyke mate voorgestel word in die
ekonomie nie. Dit blyk ’n wêreldwye probleem te wees. Daar is verder vasgestel dat vroue
in Mauritius daarin geslaag het om vir hulle regte te veg en om hulleself as gelykstaande
aan mans op professionele gebied in die openbare sektor te bewys. Daar is wel
agtergekom dat vroulike werknemers nie gelyk versprei is in die verskeie ministerskappe
in Mauritius nie. Dit is moontlik om deur die glasplafon te breek, mits vroue saamwerk om
hierdie tipe hindernisse te oorkom. Daar word aanbeveel dat vroue wat daarna streef om
bevorder te word na uitvoerende bestuursposisies, die nodige inisiatief moet neem om te
wys dat hulle entoesiasties is om deur die glasplafon te breek.Sihibe sabomake ngulesinye setihibe letivimba kutfutfuka kwabomake. Letihibe titsatfwa njengaletingaphatseki ngobe takhiwe kutenhlalo. Ngetulu kwaloko, tikhombisa umehluko lomkhulu emkhatsini wabomake lasebaphumelele kanye nalabo labasalele emuva. Kulengcikitsisimo, bomake bavamise kunganakwa noma-ke bangamelelwa kahle. Inhloso yaledizetheshini kuhlolisisa kutfutfuka
kwabomake kutemisebenti yahulumende, ngekubhekisa kakhulu eMauritius.
Kusetjentiswe luhlatiyo lwalokucuketfwe ekwenteni lolucwaningo. Lendlela ifake ekhatsi kuchuba sifundvo semcondvo. Imibhalo lesetjentisiwe ikhombise kutsi bomake abakamelelwa ngalokwenele
kutemnotfo. Loku kubonakala sengatsi kuyinkinga yemave emhlaba. Kwaphindze futsi kwatfolakala kutsi eMauritius bomake baphumelela kulwela emalungelo abo kanye nekutikhombisa balingana nabobabe
emkhakheni wetebungcweti emkhakheni wahulumende. Nanoma kunjalo, kwabonakala kutsi, basebenti besifazane abakasabalali ngalokulinganako ematikweni aseMauritius. Kuyakhoneka kwephula sihibe, kuphela-nje uma ngabe bomake basebenta ngekubambisana kute bancobe letinhlobo tetihibe. Kunconywa kutsi bomake banenshisekelo yekukhuphukela etikhundleni tekuphatsa batsatsa tingenelelo kukhombisa kutsi bayakulangatelela kwephula lesihibe.M. (Public Administration)Public Administration and Managemen
Using E-Portfolios for Meaningful Teaching and Learning in Distance Education in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review
No full textPlease access the full-text via the DOI link under URI at the top of this record.Web-based technology has proven itself indispensable in education, especially in distance education and in developing countries. Technological advances and the COVID-19 pandemic have forced higher education institutions to be innovative in delivering education in their countries. This article seeks to demonstrate the role and value of e-portfolios as an alternative teaching and learning tool in distance education and the online environment, especially in developing countries. A systematic review of peer-reviewed academic studies of e-portfolios between 2010 and 2020 was conducted. A total of 18 papers were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The review shows that the use of e-portfolios is still a relatively new trend in developing countries. The study also revealed that e-portfolios can infuse important skills such as self-directed learning, critical thinking, and lifelong learning. These results have the potential to help institutions to creatively design appropriate support tools and strategies alongside the implementation of e-portfolios in their contexts.Curriculum and Instructional Studie
Assessing the implementation of quality assurance policy in Ethiopian higher education institutions
Get PDFIn Ethiopia, quality assurance in higher education is one of the government's top priorities, just like in other developing nations. This thesis assesses the implementation of quality assurance (QA) policies in Ethiopian public higher education. More specifically, it concentrates on determining the effectiveness of quality assurance practices and identifying implementation gaps in line with HERQA/ETA focus areas. The key research questions were: „how and under what conditions do public universities in Ethiopia execute ETA quality assurance policies, and what contextual factors influence QA policy implementation?‟ The study is based on the concept that student learning is at the heart of universities‟ educational purpose, and that focusing on the key educational processes and situations that impact student learning quality makes QA procedures more successful.
The study was based on a conceptual framework comprising important concepts in contingency and institutional theories, as well as quality assurance approaches. Two organisational theories, contingency theory, and neo-institutional theory were used to provide a theoretical lens for explaining how internal and external organisational settings impact the implementation of QA policies at HEIs. The study employed a qualitative research approach, which included semi-structured interviews, textual open-ended questions, and document analysis. Purposive sampling was used to choose four public institutions as data sources. The ETA and MoE were also added at the macro level to analyse the impact of institutional contexts on institutional quality audit practices.
The findings show that the implementation of QA policies was not conceptualised in public higher education at large and that reality on the ground differs from the literature generated on the science of QA, instead being applied partially in public institutions. They lack proper QA structures, processes, and documented policies. The QA initiatives were carried out without a clear sense of direction and objectives, resulting in ineffective coordination. Self-evaluations were held symbolically at higher levels of institutions, and the outcomes of the evaluations were seldom used in an organised manner to enhance teaching-learning, faculty decision-making and planning processes. It might be inferred that the ETA‟s quality assurance policies appear to be disconnected from internal quality improvement programmes in HEIs. It is suggested that HEIs design institutional quality QA policies, mobilise resources for institutional quality development, construct fully-fledged QA structures at all levels, and staff the structures with the appropriate human resources.
HEIs should begin and carry out effective self- assessment of their operations, own it, and strive towards achieving their stated goals. It is critical that the ETA creates accreditation mechanisms for public HEIs, particularly at the institutional level. The ETA should be more independent, with greater autonomy and adequate resources to become a sustainable professional agency supporting the HE sectors.D. Phil. (Education (Education Management))Educational Leadership and Managemen
Analysis of the compatibility of customary land tenure with food security: a case of Binga District, Zimbabwe
Get PDFText in English with abstract and keywords in English, Afrikaans and isiZuluThe study focused on the analysis of the compatibility of customary land tenure with food
security in Binga District, in the northwest of Zimbabwe. The practices in customary land
tenure that lead to food insecurity in Binga were analysed. Knowledge on the links between
customary land tenure and food security is scanty. The mixed methods approach was used to
analyse the relationship between customary land tenure and food security. The findings confirm
that customary land tenure is not compatible with food security in a number of ways. However,
the problems in customary land tenure do not emanate from traditional customs; rather, they
are a creation of both the colonial and the current government. The study recommends that the
government, alongside other stakeholders, make an honest and genuine effort to improve
customary land tenure if food security is to be attained in Binga.Die studie het gefokus op die ontleding van die versoenbaarheid van gebruiklike grondbesit
met voedselsekerheid in Bingadistrik, in die noordweste van Zimbabwe. Die praktyke in
gebruiklike grondbesit wat tot voedselonsekerheid in Binga gelei het, is ontleed. Kennis van
die skakels tussen gebruiklike grondbesit en voedselsekerheid is gebrekkig. Die
gemengdemetode-benadering is gebruik om die verwantskap tussen gebruiklike grondbesit en
voedselsekerheid te ontleed. Die bevindings bevestig dat gebruiklike grondbesit op verskeie
maniere nie versoenbaar is met voedselsekerheid nie. Die probleme in gebruiklike grondbesit
spruit egter nie uit tradisionele gebruike nie; dit is eerder ’n skepping van sowel die koloniale
as huidige regering. Die studie beveel aan dat die regering, tesame met ander belanghebbendes,
’n eerlike en werklike poging aanwend om gebruiklike grondbesit te verbeter ten einde
voedselsekerheid in Binga te bereik.Ucwaningo lugxile ekuhlaziyeni okuhambisana nobunikazi bomhlaba ngokwesiko
nokutholakala kokudla kuyisifunda saseBinga, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeZimbabwe.
Kuhlaziywe imikhuba yobunikazi bomhlaba oholela ekutheni kube nokungabibikho kokudla
eBinga. Ulwazi mayelana nokuxhumana phakathi kobunikazi bomhlaba ngokwesintu kanye
nokuvikeleka kokudla luncane. Kusetshenziswe izindlela ezixubile ukuhlaziya ubudlelwano
phakathi kobunikazi bomhlaba ngokwesintu kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla. Okutholakele
kuqinisekisa ukuthi ubunikazi bomhlaba ngokwesintu abuhambisani nokuvikeleka kokudla
ngezindlela eziningi. Nokho, izinkinga zobunikazi bomhlaba wesintu azisuki emasikweni
esintu; kunalokho, ziyindalo yakho kokubili umbuso wamakholoni kanye nohulumeni
wamanje. Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuthi uHulumeni nabanye abathintekayo benze imizamo
eqotho neyangempela yokuthuthukisa ubunikazi bomhlaba nokwesintu uma kuwukuthi
kuzotholakala ukudla eBinga.M.A. (Development Studies)Development Studie
Training as a tool to empower expanded Public Works Programme beneficiaries: a case of City of Mbombela Local Municipality
No full textThe City of Mbombela (CoM) Local Municipality implemented the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) as a strategy of the South African Government to reduce high poverty and unemployment. The programme is a twelve month contract. As a strategy for skills development, the programme includes training that must be provided during the contract. However, the implementation processes of training within the EPWP are uncertain and inconsistent.
The purpose of training EPWP beneficiaries is to empower individuals who enter the programme with skills that play a crucial role in sustainable development. Hence, the programme targets poor, unskilled and unemployed individuals. Ultimately, training engagements assist EPWP beneficiaries with acquiring recognised skills through training and practice. The research objective was to identify whether training empowers EPWP beneficiaries thus determining if training is effective enough to improve work opportunities and sustainability. Training in every organization has somewhat become a pivotal point in empowering employees as a result, keeps the retention rate higher and longevity is maintained.Masipalati Wendzawo Yelidolobha LaseMbombela (CoM) usebentise Luhlelo Lolunwetjiwe Lwetemisebenti Yemphakatsi (i-EPWP) njengelisu laHulumende waseNingizimu Afrika lekunciphisa buphuya lobusetulu nekuswelekala kwemisebenti. Loluhlelo luyinkontileka yetinyanga letilishumi nakubili. Njengelisu lekutfutfukiswa kwemakhono, loluhlelo lubandzakanya kuceceshwa lekumele kuniketwe ngesikhatsi senkontileka. Nanobe kunjalo, tinchubo tekucaliswa kwekuceceshwa ngekhatsi kwe-EPWP atikacinisekiswa futsi atihambisani.
Inhloso yekucecesha bahlomuli be-EPWP kuhlomisa bantfu labangena eluhlelweni ngemakhono ladlala indzima lebalulekile ekutfutfukisweni lokusimeme. Ngako-ke, loluhlelo lucondzise kubantfu labaphuyile, labangenamakhono nalabangasebenti. Ekugcineni, imisebenti yekucecesha isita bahlomuli be-EPWP ngekutfola emakhono latiwako ngekuceceshwa nangekutilolonga. Inhloso yelucwaningo bekukubona kutsi kuceceshwa kuyabahlomisa yini bahlomuli be-EPWP ngaleyo ndlela kuncunywe kutsi kuceceshwa kusebenta ngalokwanele yini kute kutfutfukiswe ematfuba emsebenti nekusimama. Kuceceshwa kuto tonkhe tinhlangano sekuphendvuke liphuzu lelibalulekile ekuhlomiseni, ngenca yaloko, kugcina lizinga lekugcinwa kwebasebenti liphakeme futsi nekuhlala sikhatsi lesidze kuyagcinwa.
Litiko Lemitfombolusito Yebasebenti lase-CoM lihamba phambili ekuniketeni imininingwane yebahlomuli be-EPWP ngalesikhatsi tiphatsimandla titfolwa ngekwenyama futsi ticelwa kutsi ticinisekise kuhlanganyela kwato ngekutitsandzela. Bahlanganyeli labangu-27 bafake sandla kulolucwaningo, lolusebentise indlela yekhwalithi. Kute kuhlangabetwane netinjongo telucwaningo, kusetjentiswe emasampula enhloso nobe ekwahlulela ngekusebentisa indlela lekungeyona intfo lengenteka. Tinkhulumiswano titsatfwe njengendlela lefanele yekugcocwa kwedatha elucwaningweni lwekhwalithi.
I-EPWP, ngalokujwayelekile, inikete lusito lolukhulu kubahlanganyeli. Loluhlelo ludlale indzima lenkhulu ekusiteni bahlomuli be-EPWP ngekuniketa ngesincephetelo semholo emakhaya abo kanye nekunciphisa tibalo talabangasebenti. Lusito lwe-EPWP lusimeme njengobe lushiya bahlomuli nelisu lekuphuma. Ngako-ke kuniketwa kuceceshwa kusita labahlomulako kutsi bafune imisebenti nobe bacale emabhizinisi abo. Umcwaningi utfole kutsi kuceceshwa lokuniketwa bahlomuli be-EPWP kubahlomisile. Nanobe kunjalo kuhlela sekuphelele kwekuceceshwa ku-CoM kunemagebe lamanyentana ekusetjentisweni kwako, njengekunganiketwa kuceceshwa lokuhambisana nephrojekthi, kwehluleka kubika ngalokwanele kanye nekungabikho kwekuchumana mayelana nekuceceshwa. Umcwaningi uncome kutsi kuceceshwa kufanele kuhlelwe ngendlela lencono kute kwentiwe kancono, kute kuzuze bahlomuli ngemphumeleloMmasepala wa Selegae wa City of Mbombela (CoM) o tsentse tirisong Lenaneo le le Atolositsweng la Ditiro tsa Setšhaba (EPWP) jaaka togamaano ya Puso ya Aforikaborwa ya go fokotsa bohumanegi le botlhokatiro jo bo kwa godimo. Lenaneo ke konteraka ya dikgwedi tse somepedi. Jaaka togamaano ya tlhabololo le tokafatso ya bokgoni, lenaneo le akaretsa katiso e e tshwanetseng go neelwa ka nako ya konteraka. Le fa go ntse jalo, ditirego tsa tsenyotirisong ya katiso mo EPWP ga di a tlhomama e bile di a belaetsa.
Maikaelelo a go katisa baamogeladitshiamelo ba EPWP ke go maatlafatsa batho ka nosi ba ba tsenang mo lenaneong ka bokgoni jo bo nang le seabe sa botlhokwa mo tlhabololong e e ka kgonang go tsweledisiwa. Ka jalo, lenaneo le totile batho ka nosi ba ba humanegileng, ba ba se nang bokgoni jo bo kgethegileng le ba ba sa direng. Kwa bofelong, maitlamo a katiso a thusa baamogeladitshiamelo ba EPWP ka gonne ba bona bokgoni jo bo amogelesegang jaaka thutego e e rileng e e bonwang ka katiso le tiragatso. Maikaelelo a tlhotlhomiso e ne e le go supa gore a mme katiso e maatlafatsa baamogeladitshiamelo ba EPWP mme ka go dira jalo e le go tlhomamisa gore a katiso e nonofile mo go lekaneng go tokafatsa ditšhono tsa tiro le tsweledisego. Mo setlamong sengwe le sengwe katiso e botlhokwa ka tsela nngwe gonne e feleletsa e maatlafatsa badiri, e tshola seelo se se kwa godingwana sa go tswelela go nna le badiri mo pakeng e e rileng le go tswelela go nna le badiri ba ba kgonang go direla setlamo mo pakeng e telele.
Lefapha la Taolo, Thapo le Katiso ya Badiri la CoM ke lone le le mo maemong a a maleba a go neela dintlha tsa baamogeladitshiamelo ba EPWP fa go thapiwa batlhankedi ba ba leng teng ka nako e e rileng mme ba kopiwa go tlhomamisa botsayakarolo jwa bone jwa boithaopo. Batsayakarolo ba le someamabedisupa ba nnile le seabe mo thutopatlisisong eno, e e dirisitseng mokgwa wa go kgobokanya le go sekaseka deitha e e ka ga maitemogelo a batsayakarolo. Go fitlhelela maikaelelo a thutopatlisiso, go dirisitswe mokgwa wa go tsaya disampole o mo go one motlhotlhomisi a dirisang kitso ya gagwe e e kgethegileng go itlhophela batsayakarolo go ya ka maikemisetso a tlhotlhomiso, go dirisiwa mokgwa wa go ba tlhopha kwa ntle ga thulaganyo epe e e rileng. Go lemogilwe fa dipotsolotso e le mokgwa o o maleba wa go kgobokanya deitha mo thutopatlisisong e go kgobokanngwang le go sekaseka deitha e ba e tlamelang.
EPWP, ka kakaretso, e neetse batsayakarolo tshegetso e kgolo. Lenaneo le nnile le seabe se segolo mo go thuseng baamogeladitshiamelo ba EPWP go nna le lotseno go namola malapa a bone mo botlhoking le go fokotsa dipalo tsa batho ba ba sa direng. Thuso ya EPWP e ka tsweledisega gonne e tlogela baamogeladitshiamelo ba se mo tlalelong ya go batla tiro e nngwe fa konteraka e khutla. Ka jalo katiso e neelwa go thusa baamogeladitshiamelo go batla ditiro kgotsa go itshimololela dikgwebo. Motlhotlhomisi o lemogile gore katiso e e neelwang baamogeladitshiamelo ba EPWP e a ba maatlafatsa. Le fa go ntse jalo, thulaganyetso-kakaretso ya katiso kwa CoM e na le ditlhaelo di le mmalwa mo tsenyotirisong ya yone, tse di jaaka go sa neele katiso e e tsamaisanang le porojeke, go palelwa ke go neela pegelo mo go lekaneng le tlhaelo ya tlhaeletsano ka ga katiso. Motlhotlhomisi o atlanegisitse gore katiso e tshwanetse go rulaganyediwa ka togamaano gore e diragadiwe botoka, go tswela baamogeladitshiamelo mosola ka tsela e e nonofileng thata.M.A. (Development Studies)Development Studie