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Impediments faced by Technology teachers in the teaching of Technology
No full textAbstracts in English, Sotho and Northern SothoThis study focused on the impediments that are faced by technology teachers and that hinder the effective teaching of Technology in Nkangala Sub-District schools.
For teachers to be effective in the teaching of Technology, it is imperative for them to undergo training on the content and pedagogy. Professional development is the development of teachers’ knowledge and skills through training programmes to enable them to teach effectively and also assist in content enrichment throughout the teaching experience. Teachers had to be trained and/or retrained in the implementation of Technology Education by means of workshops organised by the Department of Basic Education in each of the nine provinces in order to understand the vision of the subject. Through the training, teachers will acquire subject matter knowledge in context. Technology teachers should also have technological knowledge, which refers to the teachers’ knowledge of activities and concepts relating to the body of content.
In the context of the above, Technology Education requires a teacher to be well versed in curriculum content as well as appropriate teaching practices. It is important to understand where there are consistencies in teaching practices and what takes place in the classroom. When Technology Education was introduced, most teachers were expected to use technology in schools without being adequately trained on the content or even in teaching methodologies. Although various interventions have been made since the implementation of Technology as a subject, there seems to be a lack of appropriate teaching practices, which could be one of the impediments to teaching Technology. This could result in a situation where teachers have to teach certain concepts without the necessary knowledge and/or self-confidence to teach topics. In the implementation process, many of the impediments encountered were created by factors such as a lack of funds in the rural area schools and inadequate training of Technology Education teachers.
The aim of the study was therefore to understand the nature of impediments that Grades 8 – 9 teachers of Technology face in the Nkangala Sub-District of Mpumalanga. A qualitative approach was used and twelve teachers participated in the study. It emerged from the findings that teachers are affected by the absence of curriculum implementers in the whole Nkangala Sub-District. Of the twelve teachers interviewed, it was noted that only four taught Technologywith appropriate qualifications. The researcher observed during the lessons that teachers depended mainly on chalk-and-board by drawing pictures rather than engaging learners in practical activities, and this was because there were no funds to acquire the materials for experiments. The participants believed that learners learn best when they do hands-on activities. Very important to note is that those teachers without Technology-related qualifications struggled to understand some of the concepts, which made the whole teaching process problematic.
The findings reveal that the teachers used the question-and-answer method to teach the learners. It was observed that they asked questions throughout the lesson and gave feedback to the learners. Teachers agreed that they lacked subject matter knowledge and an appropriate teaching methodology for teaching Technology. This means that teaching might be compromised since these teachers would have no effective strategies to teach the subject effectively. It can be concluded that there are impediments facing teachers in their teaching practices. This is characterised by a lack of subject knowledge and resources and an inadequate methodological approach to teaching Technology.Thutopatlisiso e ne e totile dikgoreletsi tse barutabana ba thekenoloji ba lebaneng natso tse e bile di kgoreletsang go ruta go go siameng ga Thekenoloji kwa dikolong tsa Kgaolopotlana ya Nkangala. Gore barutabana ba nne le bokgoni jwa go ruta Thekenoloji, go botlhokwa gore ba katisiwe ka serutwa le go se ruta. Tlhabololo ya seporofesenale ke go godisiwa ga kitso le dikgono tsa barutabana ka mananeo a katiso go ba kgontsha go ruta ka bokgoni le go ba thusa go humisa dithuto fa ba ruta. Barutabana ba tshwanetse go katisiwa le/gongwe go katisiwa gape malebana le go diragatsa Thuto ya Thekenoloji ka tsela ya dikopanothutano tse di rulagantsweng ke Lefapha la Thuto ya Motheo kwa diporofenseng tsotlhe tse robongwe gore ba tlhaloganye ponelopele ya serutwa. Ka katiso, barutabana ba tlaa nna le kitso ya serutwa ka botlalo. Gape barutabana ba thekenoloji ba tshwanetse go nna le kitso ya thekenoloji, e leng se se kayang kitso ya morutabana ya dintlha tsotlhe tse di amanang le serutwa seo.
Malebana le se se kailweng fa godimo, Thuto ya Thekenoloji e tlhoka gore morutabana a tlhaloganye lenaneothuto ka botlalo gammogo le ditiragatso tsotlhe tse di maleba tsa go ruta. Go botlhokwa go tlhaloganya moo go nang le go tlhoka go tshwana mo tseleng ya go ruta le gore go diragalang mo phaposiborutelong. Fa go ne go itsisiwe Thuto ya Thekenoloji, go ne go lebeletswe gore bontsi jwa barutabana ba dirise thekenoloji kwa dikolong kwa ntle ga katiso epe ya serutwa gongwe le fa e le mekgwa ya go ruta. Le fa go nnile le ditsereganyo di le mmalwa fa e sale tsenyotirisong ya Thekenoloji jaaka serutwa, go bonala go na le tlhaelo ya ditsela tse di maleba tsa go ruta, se e ka nnang nngwe ya dikgoreletsi tsa go ruta Thekenoloji. Seno se ka baka seemo se mo go sona barutabana ba tshwanelang go ruta dithuto dingwe kwa ntle ga kitso e e tlhokegang le/gongwe go itshepa go ruta ditlhogo tse di rileng. Mo tiregong ya tsenyotirisong, bontsi jwa dikgoreletsi tse go kopanweng natso di ne di bakilwe ke dintlha di tshwana le tlhaelo ya matlole kwa dikolong tsa metsemagae le katiso e e sa lekanang ya barutabana ba Thuto ya Thekenoloji. Ka jalo, maikaelelo a thutopatlisiso e ne e le go tlhotlhomisa dikgoreletsi tse di lebaneng barutabana ba Thekenoloji ba Mephato ya 8-9 kwa dikolong tsa Kgaolopotlana ya Nkangala kwa Mpumalanga. Go dirisitswe molebo o o lebelelang mabaka mme barutabana ba le masomepedi ba nnile le seabe mo thutopatlisisong. Go tlhageletse go tswa mo diphitlhelelong gore barutabana ba amiwa ke go tlhokega ga batsenyatirisong ba lenaneothuto mo Kgaolopotlaneng yotlhe ya Nkangala. Mo barutabaneng ba le lesomepedi ba ba botsoloditsweng dipotso, go lemogilwe gore ke ba le bane fela ba ba rutang Thekenoloji ka borutegi jo bo maleba. Mmatlisisi o lemogile gore ka nako ya dithuto barutabana ba ne ba ikaegile thata mo tshokobotong ka go thadisa ditshwantsho go na le go dira gore barutwana ba diragatse ditirwana, mme seno ke ka ntlha gore go ne go se na matlole a go bona dimatheriale tsa go dira ditekeletso. Bannileseabe ba ne ba dumela gore barutwana ba ithuta botoka fa ba dira ditirwana ka bo bona. Ntlha ya botlhokwa e e tshwanetseng go elwa tlhoko ke ya gore go ne go se bonolo gore barutabana ba ba neng ba se na borutegi jwa Thekenoloji ba tlhaloganye dintlha dingwe, e leng sengwe se se neng se dira gore tirego yotlhe ya go ruta e nne le mathata.
Diphitlhelelo di bontsha gore barutabana ba tlwaetse mokgwa wa go botsa dipotso le go bona dikarabo go ruta barutwana. Go lemogilwe gore ba ne ba botsa dipotso mo thutong yotlhe mme ba tsibogela dikarabo tsa barutwana. Barutabana ba dumelane gore ba tlhaela kitso ya serutwa le mokgwathuto o o maleba wa go ruta Thekenoloji. Seno se raya gore go ruta go ka tlhaela ka ntlha ya gore barutabana bano ga ba na ditogamaano tse di siameng tsa go ruta serutwa ka bokgoni. Go ka swediwa gore go na le dikgoreletsi tse di lebaneng barutabana mo go ruteng ga bona. Seno se lemogwa ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya kitso ya serutwa le ditlamelo gammogo le molebo o o sa lekanang wa mokgwathuto wa go ruta Thekenoloji.Dinyakisiso tse di lebantse go mapheko ao a barutisi ba theknolotsi ba lebanago nao gape e le ao a thibelago go rutwa gabotse ga Theknolotsi ka dikolong tsa Selete se se Nyane sa Nkangala.
Gore barutisi ba some botse mo go ruteng Theknolotsi, go bohlokwa go bona gore ba hlahliwe ka dikagare le thuto (phedakotsi). Tlhabollo ya seprofesenale ke tlhabollo ya tsebo le mabokgoni a barutisi ka mananeo a tlhahlo go ba kgontsha go ruta ga botse gape le go thusa go matlafatsa dikagare mo boitemogelong ka moka bja go ruta. Barutisi ba ile ba swanela go hlahliwa le/goba go hlahliwa leboelela mo phethagatsong ya Thuto ya Theknolotsi ka go somisa diwekesopo tsa go beakanywa ke Kgoro ya Thuto ya Motheo ka go ye nngwe le ye nngwe ya diprofense tse senyane go kwesisa morero ya thuto. Ka tlhahlo, barutisi ba tla hwetsa tsebo ya dikagare tsa thuto go ya ka seemo. Gape barutisi ba theknolotsi ba swanela go ba le tsebo ya theknolotsi, yeo e supago tsebo ya barutisi ya mesongwana le dikgopolo tsa go amana le mmele wa dikagare.
Mo seemong sa ka godimo, Thuto ya Theknolotsi e nyaka morutisi gore a tsebe ka botlalo dikagare tsa kharikhulamo le mekgwa ya maleba ya go ruta. Go bohlokwa go kwesisa fao go nago le diphegelelo ka gare ga mekgwa ya go ruta le seo se diregago ka gare ga diphaposiborutelo. Ge Thuto ya Theknolotsi e be e thoma go rutwa, bontsi bja barutisi bo be bo letetswe gore bo somise theknolotsi ka dikolong le ge ba se ba hlahliwa ka mo go lekanego mabapi le dikagare goba le yona mekgwa ya go ruta. Le ge magato a go fapana a tseno bogare a dirilwe go tloga go phethagatso ya Theknolotsi bjalo ka thuto, go bonala go na le tlhokego ya mekgwa ya go ruta ya maleba, yeo e kago ba ye mengwe ya mapheko a go ruta Theknolotsi.
Bjalo maikemisetso a dinyakisiso e be e le go kwesisa mapheko a barutisi ba Dikreiti 8 - 9 ba Thuto ya Theknolotsi ba lebanago ka dikolong tsa Selete se se Nyane sa Nkangala sa Mpumalanga. Mokgwa wa khwalithethifi o somisitswe gomme barutisi ba lesomepedi ba kgathile tema ka dinyakisisong. Dikutullo di tsweletsa gore barutisi ba amilwe ke tlhokego ya baphethagatsi ba kharikhulamo ka Seleteng se se Nyane sa Nkangala ka moka. Go barutisi ba lesomepedi ba go boledisanwego le bona, go lemogilwe gore ke ba bane fela bao ba bego ba ruta Theknolotsi ka mangwalo a thuto a maleba. Monyakisisi o bone gore nakong ya dithutiso barutisi ba be ba tshephile kudu letlapa le tshoko ka go thala diswantsho sebakeng sa go ba boledisana le baithuti ka mesongwana ya tiriso, gomme se ke ka lebaka la gore go be go sena tshelete tsa go reka dimetheriale tsa go dira maitekelo. Bakgathatema ba be ba dumela gore baithuti ba ithuta bokaone ge ba dira mesongwana ka diatla tsa bona. Go bohlokwa kudu go lemoga gore barutisi bao ba go hloka mangwalo a thuto a go amana le Theknolotsi ba gogile boima go kwesisa tse dingwe tsa dikgopolo, tseo di dirilego gore tshepediso ka moka ya go ruta e be le mathata.
Dikutullo di utulla gore barutisi ba somisitse mokgwa wa potsiso le karabo go ruta baithuti. Go bonwe gore ba botsisa dipotsiso nako ka moka ya thutiso gape ba file baithuti karabo. Barutisi ba dumetse gore ba be ba se na tsebo ya dikagare tsa thuto le mokgwa wa maleba wa go ruta Theknolotsi. Se se ra gore go ruta go ka ba le bofokodi ka ge barutisi ba tlo ba ba sena maano a mabotse a go ruta thuto ka tshwanelo. Go fetswa ka gore go na le mapheko ao a barutisi ba lebanago nao mo mosomong wa bona wa go ruta. Se se dirwa ke tlhokego ya tsebo ya thuto le methopo le mokgwa wa go se lekane wa go ruta Theknolotsi.D. Phil. (Education)Curriculum and Instructional Studie
Hospital-based evaluation of palliative care among patients with advanced cervical cancer: a cross-sectional study
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Background
Palliative care is among the standards of care in cancer treatment that should be provided to those in need within the existing healthcare system. In Ethiopia, patients with cervical cancer experience a long wait for curative radiotherapy, while the level of palliative care delivery is unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the practice of palliative care among women diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer.
Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Using a structured questionnaire, face-to-face interviews were made with randomly selected patients with advanced cervical cancer. Information on patient characteristics, medical records, and knowledge, attitude and practice of palliative care was captured, analysed, and presented. Data collection was conducted following ethical standards after obtaining approval from the hospital.
Results
A total of 385 patients were interviewed, most of whom were over 50 years and illiterate. The patients had poor knowledge regarding comprehensive palliative care, a good attitude, and poor practices. Most patients either do not know about palliative care or consider it solely as a pain treatment. The patients expressed a good attitude towards palliative care; however, their attitude towards talking about suffering, death, and dying was poor. Almost all patients have received some form of palliative care. However, poor pain control, inadequate education and counselling, and poor social, economic, and spiritual supports were documented.
Conclusions
Patients with advanced cervical cancer expressed a good attitude but had poor knowledge and practice of comprehensive palliative care. The palliative care delivery needs to address the communication, psychosocial, economic, and spiritual components of the comprehensive palliative care
An integrated framework of environmental management accounting practices to promote greener gold mining in Zimbabwe
No full textAbstracts in English, Zulu and AfrikaansAlthough the Zimbabwean gold mining industry has been praised for its positive contributions to economic growth, it has also come under fire for harming local communities through forced evictions and forced relocation of communities without providing adequate compensation, pollution of water and air, loss of grazing and agricultural land, the creation of unprotected pits, and exploitation and depletion of natural resources. The literature has identified material flow cost accounting (MFCA), life cycle costing (LCC) and activity-based costing (ABC) as essential environmental management accounting practices (EMAPs) to manage the environment. The EMAPs tend to be discussed in isolation hence the need to integrate them. Current frameworks fail to direct sustainability in organisations, opening calls for new approaches that integrate sustainability into business processes. The study was motivated by a lack of studies on the importance of EMAPs, noted in developing countries. Due to the existing frameworks' failure to address environmental challenges, practical means and techniques for businesses to integrate, measure and communicate environmental issues remain challenging. Existing frameworks have been observed as lacking industry scale, besides failing to describe how to achieve the integration of sustainability. Research questions and research objectives were developed from the problem statement. Institutional, stakeholder and sustainability theories were identified as providing the lens for the study. Institutional theory (major theory underpinning study) provides that forces around them shape organisations to adopt greener initiatives. A multi-method qualitative research choice was made for the study.
After a comprehensive literature review, a preliminary framework of environmental management accounting practices to promote green gold mining in Zimbabwe was developed. The preliminary framework was enhanced by conducting personal interviews and later validated through a focus group. Findings revealed that coercive pressure was mostly applied by the environmental regulator and that gold mining activities negatively impacted the environment. In addition, gold mining companies failed to import green technology equipment due to excessive tax rates charged by the Zimbabwean Revenue Authority (ZIMRA). Key recommendations are that small gold mines should continually be monitored, and ZIMRA should reduce its tax rates to reduce the cost for gold mining organisations to import green technology. The study contributed to the body of knowledge and practice by developing an integrated framework for the Zimbabwean gold mining sector as a guide to greener gold mining and to theory (the integrated framework will work as a formal rule to be followed by entities). Similar work focusing on mining sectors like coal, platinum and chrome could be undertaken in Zimbabwe.Nanxa imboni yezokumbiwa kwegolide eZimbabwe inconywe ngeqhaza layo elihle ekukhuliseni umnotho, iphinde yagxekwa ngokulimaza imiphakathi yasendaweni ngokuxoshwa ngendluzula kanye nokufuduswa kwemiphakathi ngaphandle kokunikeza isinxephezelo esanele, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nomoya, ukulahlekelwa amadlelo kanye nomhlaba wezolimo, ukwakhiwa kwemigodi engavikelekile, nokuxhashazwa kanye nokuqedwa kwemithombo yemvelo. Izincwadi zihlonze ukubalwa kwezindleko zokugeleza kwezinto (MFCA), izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila (LCC) kanye nezindleko ezisekelwe kumsebenzi (ABC) njengezinqubo zokubala zokuphathwa kwemvelo ezibalulekile (EMAPs) zokuphatha imvelo. Ama-EMAP avame ukuxoxwa ngawo wodwa yingakho kunesidingo sokuwahlanganisa. Izinhlaka zamanje ziyehluleka ukuqondisa ukusimama ezinhlanganweni, ukuvula izingcingo zezindlela ezintsha ezihlanganisa ukusimama ezinqubeni zebhizinisi. Ucwaningo lugqugquzelwe ukuntuleka kwezifundo ngokubaluleka kwama-EMAP, okuphawulwe emazweni asathuthuka. Ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezinhlaka ezikhona ukubhekana nezinselele zezemvelo, izindlela ezingokoqobo namasu okudidiyela amabhizinisi, ukulinganisa kanye nokuxhumana ngezindaba zemvelo kusalokhu kuyinselele. Izinhlaka ezikhona zibonwe njengezintula izinga lemboni, ngaphandle kokwehluleka ukuchaza indlela yokufeza ukuhlanganiswa kokusimama.
Imibuzo yocwaningo nezinjongo zocwaningo zakhiwe kusukela esitatimendeni senkinga. Izindlela zokuqonda izinhlangano kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha, ababambiqhaza kanye nokusimama zihlonzwe njengezinikeza ithuluzi lomcwaningi lokubuka ucwaningo. Indlela yokuqonda izinhlangano kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha (Umbono omkhulu osekela ucwaningo) ihlinzeka ngokuthi amandla okubazungezile alolonge izinhlangano ukuthi zithole inqubo ephelele yokuphatha imvelo. Kwakhethwa ucwaningo lokuchaza lwezindlela eziningi kulolu cwaningo. Ngemva kokuhlolwa okupheleleyo kwezincwadi, kwasungulwa uhlaka lokuqala lwendlela yokuphathwa kwemvelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumbiwa kwegolide eliluhlaza eZimbabwe. Uhlaka lokuqala lwathuthukiswa ngokwenza inhlolokhono yomuntu siqu futhi kamuva lwaqinisekiswa ngeqembu okugxilwe kulo. Okutholakele kuveze ukuthi ingcindezi ephoqayo yayisetshenziswa kakhulu umlawuli wezemvelo nokuthi imisebenzi yokumba igolide ibe nomthelela omubi kumvelo. Phezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezemba igolide zehlulekile ukuthenga kwamanye amazwe ubuchwepheshe bezemvelo ngenxa yokukhokhwa kwemithelo eyeqisayo ebizwe Yisiphathimandla Semali Engenayo yaseZimbabwe (ZIMRA). Iziphakamiso ezisemqoka ngezokuthi imigodi emincane yegolide kumele ihlale igadiwe, futhi iZIMRA kumele yehlise imithelo ukuze yehlise izindleko zezinhlangano ezemba igolide ukuthi zithenge kwamanye amazwe ubuchwepheshe bezemvelo.
Ucwaningo lufake isandla kumgwamanda wolwazi nokuzejwayeza ngokwenza uhlaka oludidiyelwe lwemboni yezezimayini zegolide zaseZimbabwe njengomhlahlandlela wokumbiwa kwegolide eliluhlaza kanye nombono (uhlaka oludidiyelwe luzosebenza njengomthetho osemthethweni okufanele ulandelwe yizinhlangano). Umsebenzi ofanayo ogxile emikhakheni yezimayini efana namalahle, iplatinum kanye nechrome ungenziwa eZimbabwe.Alhoewel die Zimbabwiese goudmynbedryf opgehemel is vir sy positiewe bydrae tot ekonomiese groei, het die bedryf ook onder skoot gekom vir sy skade aan plaaslike gemeenskappe deur die gedwonge uitsettings en hervestiging van gemeenskappe sonder voldoende vergoeding, water- en lugbesoedeling, verlies aan beweiding en landbougrond, die skep van onbeskermde skagte, en die uitbuiting en uitputting van natuurlike hulpbronne. Die literatuurstudie het wesenlike vloeikosteberekening (MFCA), lewensikluskosteberekening (LCC) en aktiwiteitsgebaseerde kosteberekening (ABC) as essensiële omgewingsbestuur rekeningkundige praktyke (EMAPs) geïdentifiseer om die omgewing te bestuur. Aangesien die neiging is om EMAPs in isolasie te gebruik, is daar ’n behoefte om hulle te integreer. Huidige raamwerke slaag nie daarin om volhoubaarheid in organisasies te bestuur nie, wat die geleentheid skep vir ’n oproep tot nuwe benaderings wat volhoubaarheid met besigheidsprosesse integreer. Die beweegrede vir die studie is die gebrek aan navorsing (wat in ontwikkelende lande bespeur is) oor die belangrikheid van EMAPs. As gevolg van die bestaande raamwerke se onvermoë om omgewingsuitdagings te hanteer, bly praktiese metodes en tegnieke om omgewingskwessies te integreer, meet, en kommunikeer steeds ’n uitdaging vir besighede. Afgesien dat hulle misluk het om ’n beskrywing te gee van hoe om die integrasie van volhoubaarheid te verwerf, is dit duidelik dat bestaande raamwerke nie op industriële skaal is nie. Die probleemstelling is gebruik om navorsingsvrae en navorsingsdoelwitte te ontwikkel. Institusionele, belanghebber- en volhoubaarheidsteorieë is geïdentifiseer as synde ’n lens vir die studie te verskaf. Volgens die institusionele teorie (hoofteorie wat die studie steun), is dit magte buite organisasies wat bepalend is in organisasies se aanneem van groener inisiatiewe. Die studie het multi-metode, kwalitatiewe navorsing gebruik.
Na ’n omvattende literatuuroorsig, is ’n voorlopige raamwerk vir omgewingsbestuur rekeningkundige praktyke vir die bevordering van groen goudmynwese in Zimbabwe ontwikkel. Hierdie voorlopige raamwerk is versterk deur persoonlike onderhoude wat gevoer is en is later deur ’n fokusgroep bekragtig. Die bevindinge het aan die lig gebring dat die omgewingsbeheerraad grotendeels dwang toegepas het en dat goudmynbedryfaktiwiteite die omgewing negatief affekteer. Daar is bykomend ook gevind dat maatskappye wat in die goudmynbedryf betrokke is, in gebreke gebly het om groentegnologie-toerusting in te voer as gevolg van die buitensporige belasting wat deur die Zimbabwean Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) gehef word. Die vernaamste aanbevelings is dat klein goudmyne deurlopend gemonitor moet word en dat ZIMRA sy belastingkoerse moet verlaag om goudmynorganisies se koste vir die invoer van groentegnologie te verminder. Die studie het tot die breë kennisbasis en praktyk bygedra deur ’n geïntegreerde raamwerk vir die Zimbabwiese goudmynsektor as riglyn tot groener goudmynwese, sowel as teorie te ontwikkel (die geïntegreerde raamwerk sal as formele reël dien wat deur entiteite gevolg moet word). Soortgelyke ondersoeke wat op ander mynsektore soos steenkool, platinum en chroom fokus, kan in Zimbabwe onderneem word.D. Phil. (Accounting Sciences (Management Accounting))Management Accountin
Observing without reporting: critiquing the failure of election observers to report preemptive electoral prophecies in Nigeria
Get PDFAlthough Nigerian elections are sufficiently observed by domestic and international observer groups, the frequent pronouncements of religious leaders claiming to have supernatural insights into election outcomes have never captured the attention of these observers. This is despite the fact that election prophecy may have adverse effects on the electoral process and the survival of Nigeria’s nascent democracy. This paper critiques the failure of election observers to capture this unfolding trend in their reports bearing in mind that pre-emptive electoral prophecies violate Section 95 (3) (b) of the Electoral Act 2010 (as amended). The tendency to question the integrity and neutrality of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), and the judiciary (in cases of post-election litigations), has worsened because of unguarded electoral prophetism. It is therefore recommended that election prophecy should be captured in official election reports so as to – at least – show its enormity. This may trigger a concerted effort among election stakeholders to control it.Institute for Social and Health Studies (ISHS
One planet: one health. A call to support the initiative on a global science–policy body on chemicals and waste
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The chemical pollution crisis severely threatens human and environmental health globally. To tackle this challenge the establishment of an overarching international science–policy body has recently been suggested. We strongly support this initiative based on the awareness that humanity has already likely left the safe operating space within planetary boundaries for novel entities including chemical pollution. Immediate action is essential and needs to be informed by sound scientific knowledge and data compiled and critically evaluated by an overarching science–policy interface body. Major challenges for such a body are (i) to foster global knowledge production on exposure, impacts and governance going beyond data-rich regions (e.g., Europe and North America), (ii) to cover the entirety of hazardous chemicals, mixtures and wastes, (iii) to follow a one-health perspective considering the risks posed by chemicals and waste on ecosystem and human health, and (iv) to strive for solution-oriented assessments based on systems thinking. Based on multiple evidence on urgent action on a global scale, we call scientists and practitioners to mobilize their scientific networks and to intensify science–policy interaction with national governments to support the negotiations on the establishment of an intergovernmental body based on scientific knowledge explaining the anticipated benefit for human and environmental health
Experiences of educators in dealing with racial integration in desegregated public primary schools in Gauteng east district
Get PDFEnglish, Sesotho and Afrikaans abstractsFollowing the formal desegregation of schools since 1994, former White-only schools have since seen an influx of learners from previously disadvantaged communities, particularly those in Black townships. This situation presented anticipated challenges for educators who now had to teach racially mixed classes, a context which they had not been prepared for by their teacher-education institutions. In the process, both educators and school managers have since adopted various strategies and measures for responding to the needs of racially diverse learners. Against this background, this study was conducted with the purpose of probing the experiences of educators in dealing with racial integration in desegregated public primary schools specifically in the Gauteng East District. The researcher made use of Critical Race Theory as the main theoretical framework undergirding the study and also as a theoretical lens with which the experiences of educators would be probed. In accordance with the qualitative nature of the study, phenomenology was used as a suitable strategy for affording participants an opportunity to tell their experiences. The choice for the use of phenomenology was further supported by the fact that the study was located within the interpretive and social constructivism paradigms. In order to obtain data from reliable sources, a purposive sampling method was used to select the participants from all three schools. In the end, a total of 16 participants from the three identified former White schools took part in the study. Ten semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted with educators whilst six members of School Management Teams returned completed online questionnaires. From the analysis of data, the study revealed a worrisome lack of comprehensive understanding of what racial integration is amongst educators. This results in educators employing strategies such as contributionist, assimilation, and colour-blindness which all have proven to be very limited in bringing about genuine integration. Furthermore, educators also bemoaned a lack of support by the Department of Education in the form of providing capacity building programmes for either the School Governing Bodies or School Management Team members and by extension, educators are left without guidance in terms of dealing with race-related issues in classes. The study also revealed a number of challenges facing educators as they navigate their way in racially integrated classes. Overall, data showed positive relations amongst leaners and educators notwithstanding their racial differences.Ka morao ho ho fediswa ha kgethollo ka molao dikolong ho tloha ka 1994, dikolo tsa pele tsa Makgowa feela di bone tshubuhlellano ya baithuti ba tswang ditjhabeng tse neng di sena menyetla ya dintho tse ding pele, haholo-holo tsa makeisheneng a batho ba batsho. Boemo bona bo ile ba hlahisa mathata a neng a lebelletswe ho matitjhere ao jwale a neng a tlameha ho ruta ditlelase tsa batho ba merabe e fapaneng, e leng boemo boo ditsi tsa bona tsa thupelo ya matitjhere di neng di sa ba lokisetsa bona. Nakong ena, matitjhere le batsamaisi ba dikolo ba se ba amohetse maano le mehato e fapaneng ya ho arabela ditlhoko tsa baithuti ba merabe e fapaneng. Boemong bona bo fanweng, phuputso ena e entswe ka sepheo sa ho lekola boiphihlelo ba matitjhere mabapi le ho sebetsana le ho kopana ha merabe dikolong tsa mathomo tsa setjhaba tseo ho tsona kgethollo e fedisitsweng ka ho kgetheha Seterekeng sa Gauteng e Botjhabela. Mofuputsi o sebedisitse Kgopolo-taba ya Bohlokwa ba Merabe jwalo ka moralo wa mantlha wa kgopolo-taba o thehileng phuputso hape jwalo ka lense ya kgopolo-taba eo ka yona boiphihlelo ba matitjhere bo tla hlahlojwa. Ho latela boleng ba phuputso, phuputso ya boleng e shebaneng le maphelo a phelwang hantle e ile ya sebediswa e le leano le loketseng ho fa bankakarolo monyetla wa ho bua ka boiphihlelo ba bona. Kgetho ya tshebediso ya phuputso ya boleng e shebaneng le maphelo a phelwang hantle e ile ya boela ya tshehetswa ke taba ya hore phuputso e ne e le kahara menahano ya boitlhaloso le ya phedisano. E le ho fumana data ho tswa mehloding e tshepahalang, ho ile ha sebediswa mokgwa wa ho etsa sampole ka morero ho kgetha bankakarolo dikolong tse tharo. Qetellong, kakaretso ya bankakarolo ba 16 ho tswa dikolong tse tharo tse hlwauweng tsa pele tsa Makgowa e nkile karolo phuputsong. Dipuisano tse ka bang leshome tsa sebopeho sa vitjhuale di ile tsa etswa le matitjhere ha ditho tse tsheletseng tsa Dihlopha tsa Tsamaiso ya Sekolo di ile tsa kgutlisa mathathamo a dipotso a tlatsitsweng inthaneteng. Ho tswa manollong ya data, phuputso e senotse kgaello e tshwenyang ya kutlwisiso e felletseng ya hore na ho kopanngwa ha merabe ke eng hara matitjhere. Sena se fella ka hore matitjhere a sebedise mekgwa e kang ya ho kenya letsoho, ho kopanya, le ho se bone merabe e fapaneng, e leng tseo kaofela di ipakileng di fokola haholo ho tliseng kopano ya nnete. Ho feta moo, matitjhere le ona a ile a lla ka kgaello ya tshehetso ho tswa ho Lefapha la Thuto ka mokgwa wa ho fana ka mananeo a ho aha bokgoni bakeng sa Makgotla a Taolo ya Sekolo kapa ditho tsa Sehlopha sa Tsamaiso ya Dikolo, mme ka kakaretso, matitjhere a sala a se na tataiso mabapi le ho sebetsana le ditaba tse amanang le merabe ditlelaseng. Phuputso e boetse e senotse palo ya diqholotso tse tobaneng le matitjhere ha ba ntse ba shebana le ho sebetsana le ditlelase tsa merabe e kopaneng. Ka kakaretso, data e bontshitse dikamano tse ntle hara baithuti le matitjhere ho sa tsotellehe diphapano tsa merabe ya bona.Na die aanvang van die desegregasie van skole in 1994, het die voormalige wit skole ’n toeloop van leerders uit voorheen benadeelde gemeenskappe ervaar; die toeloop was veral van leerders uit swart townships. Hierdie situasie het verwagte uitdagings vir opvoeders meegebring aangesien hulle nou klasse met gemengde rasse moes onderrig; dit was ’n konteks waarop hul onderwysopleidinginstellings hulle nie voorberei het nie. In die proses het beide opvoeders en skoolbestuurders sedertdien verskeie strategieë en maatreëls ingestel om die behoeftes van leerders uit diverse rasse aan te spreek. Dis teen hierdie agtergrond dat die huidige studie uitgevoer is. Die doel van die studie was om ’n deurtastende ondersoek te doen na die ervaringe van opvoeders in die hantering van rasse-integrasie in gedesegregreerde openbare primêre skole in spesifiek die Oos-Gauteng distrik. Die navorser het die Kritieke Rasseteorie (Critical Race Theory) as die vernaamste ondersteunende teoretiese raamwerk vir die studie gebruik. Dit het ook as ’n teoretiese lens fungeer waarmee die ervaringe van opvoeders ondersoek sou word. In ooreenstemming met die kwalitatiewe aard van die studie, is fenomenologie as ’n gepaste strategie gebruik om deelnemers die geleentheid te bied om van hul ervaringe te vertel. Die keuse om fenomenologie te gebruik is verder ondersteun deur die feit dat die studie binne die vertolkende en sosiale konstruktivisme paradigmas gesetel was. Ten einde data uit gesaghebbende bronne te verkry, is doelbewuste steekproefneming gebruik om deelnemers uit al drie die skole te kies. Daar sou uiteindelik altesaam 16 deelnemers uit die drie geïdentifiseerde voormalige wit skole aan die ondersoek deelneem. Tien halfgestruktureerde, virtuele onderhoude is met opvoeders gevoer onderwyl ses lede uit skoolbestuurspangeledere die vraelyste aanlyn ingevul het. Die ontleding van die data het ’n kommerwekkende gebrek onder opvoeders aan omvattende begrip van wat rasse-integrasie behels, aan die lig gebring. Dit bring mee dat opvoeders strategieë soos die kontribusiebenadering, assimilasie en kleurblindheid aanwend terwyl daar alreeds bewys is dat al hierdie strategieë slegs ’n baie beperkte bydrae tot outentieke integrasie lewer. Voorts het opvoeders ook hul misnoeë met die onderwysdepartement te kenne gegee oor die gebrek aan ondersteuning in die vorm van kapasiteitversterkingsprogramme vir nóg skoolbeheerliggame nóg lede van skoolbestuurspanne en uiteraard is opvoeders dan sonder enige leiding ten opsigte van hoe hulle rasverwante kwessies in die klaskamer moet hanteer. Die studie het ook ’n hele aantal uitdagings blootgelê waardeur opvoeders in die gesig gestaar word soos wat hulle hul weg in rasgeïntegreerde klasse probeer vind. Die data het egter oor die algemeen positiewe verhoudings tussen leerders en opvoeders getoon, ongeag hul rasseverskille.M. Ed. (Philosophy of Education)1 online resource (xv, 241 leaves)Educational Foundation
Challenges experienced by primary health nurses in sustaining ideal clinic status post implementation in Ilembe District, KwaZulu-Natal
Get PDFThis study aimed to explore and gain more insight into the challenges experienced by
primary healthcare (PHC) nurses in maintaining ideal clinic status, where previously
achieved. Qualitative, phenomenological research was conducted to gain a
perspective on challenges experienced by nurses. Data were collected through semistructured
in-depth interviews from the study sample of 13 clinical nurse practitioners
from two clinics in the sub-district of Kwa-Dukuza. The findings revealed a nonmaintenance
or no improvement of Ideal Clinic (ideal clinic) status, with the current
trend of working towards the ideal clinic assessment only at the time nearing the
assessment, giving a false interpretation of the maintenance of the ideal clinic. This
revealed several challenges experienced by PHC nurses, namely, the absence of vital
resources, deficient emergency equipment and supplies, unsuitable infrastructure,
substandard procurement processes and poor working conditions. Also, PHC clinics
are far from fitting the description of an ideal clinic. Further investment is imperative in
monitoring and evaluating the Ideal Clinic Realisation and Maintenance Programme
(ICRM).M.A. (Public Health)Health Studie
Isolation and identification of entomopathogenic nematode bacterial metabolites for biological control of fusarium head blight of wheat and wheat aphids
Get PDFFungal diseases such as Fusarium head blight (FHB) and a complex of wheat aphids are significant biotic stressors, negatively affecting wheat production and quality. The use of chemicals and resistant cultivars is continuously challenged by the development of resistance, while harsh chemical pesticides pose environmental and human/animal health risks. This study explored the pesticidal activity of bacterial metabolites, produced by the bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), against FHB causing Fusarium sp. Fusarium graminaerum and Russian wheat aphid biotypes. To achieve this aim, metabolites were isolated from the symbiotic bacteria derived from the EPNs collection at the Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain (ARC-SG). Metabolites were screened against Fusarium graminaerum and RWA biotypes, followed by the identification of nematodes, bacteria and metabolites. Mycelial growth and spore germination of F. graminaerum were differently inhibited by metabolites produced by bacterial symbionts of the nine selected EPNs isolates. Isolate SGI 197 and SGI 170 produce the highest overall mycelial growth inhibition rates of 96.25% and 95.79%, respectively. Out of the three types of metabolite treatments tested against mycelial growth, crude metabolites were the most effective compared to other metabolite treatments in all isolates. Xenorhabdus isolates displayed higher spore germination inhibition activity compared to Photorhabdus isolates. Among Xenorhabdus isolates, isolate SGI 257 had the highest spore germination inhibition rate of 96.29%, which was higher than that of other Xenorhabdus isolates. Crude metabolites were also screened for aphicidal activity on five RWA biotypes. The results depicted that resistance to metabolites increased with the order of the biotypes (from Biotype 1 to 5). Isolate SGI 197 had the highest overall aphicidal activity when compared to other isolates and the control. LC-MS analysis and molecular networking computational tools detected and confirmed the presence of two previously described antimicrobial compounds, Anthraquinones (m/z 255/285) and stilbene precursor 3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene (Isopropylstilbene) (m/z 255); and a number of other unidentified compounds. The results from this study are based on in vitro assays. More studies are needed to evaluate the antifungal and insecticidal activities of these bacterial metabolites on in vivo conditions. Among the selected isolates, Isolate SGI 197 seemed to be the best candidate for use as a biopesticide. These are baseline steps towards the development of cheaper and more eco-friendly pest control products based on the metabolites.MSc. (Agriculture)College of Agriculture and Environmental Science
An Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER): Overview and Tools
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Uphononongo oluchazayo ngendima edlalwa ngoontamnani kuphando lokubulawa kwe-abalone Ebhayi, Empuma Koloni
No full textAbstracts in English, Afrikaans and XhosaThe aim of this research was to examine the role that informers play in the investigation of abalone poaching in Port Elizabeth (now Gqeberha), Eastern Cape. Definitions are provided of key theoretical concepts, including “informers”, “organised crime”, “abalone”, and “poaching”. Moreover, the investigation of crime, the objectives of a crime and the elements of a crime are discussed in detail. A pragmatic approach was adopted for the study, which suited the qualitative design well. Empirical data on the use and value of informers within an investigative and intelligence gathering context in Port Elizabeth were gathered by means of interviews. Since the research was conducted at a time when COVID-19 restrictions were in force in South Africa, the interviews mostly took place online. The research findings show that informers are a vital and valuable resource with which to address abalone poaching in Port Elizabeth. The findings also highlight that, in some instances, it is not possible to address crime without their involvement. Several challenges were also identified through the research. These challenges are reported on in chapter 3. Since abalone is such a valuable commodity in South Africa, the recommendation made on the basis of the research is that a more collaborative and collective strategy should be developed to address not only the crime of abalone poaching but also the societal problems that drive it.Die doel met hierdie studie was om die rol van informante in ondersoeke na perlemoenstropery in Port Elizabeth (tans Gqeberha) in die Oos-Kaap te ondersoek. Hierbenewens is ’n misdaadondersoek asook die oogmerke en elemente van ’n misdaad in besonderhede bespreek. ’n Pragmatiese benadering, wat met die kwalitatiewe ontwerp van hierdie studie strook, is in hierdie studie gevolg. Met behulp van onderhoude is empiriese data ingesamel oor die nut en waarde van informante tydens ondersoeke en intelligensie-insameling in Port Elizabeth. Aangesien die navorsing onderneem is toe streng COVID-19-inperkings in Suid-Afrika van krag was, is die meeste onderhoude aanlyn gevoer. Daar is bevind dat informante ’n noodsaaklike en waardevolle rol in die stryd teen perlemoenstropers in Port Elizabeth speel. Ook dat dit somtyds onmoontlik is om misdaad sonder hulle medewerking te bestry. Verskeie uitdagings het in die navorsing aan die lig gekom. Hulle word in hoofstuk 3 bespreek. Aangesien perlemoen so ’n waardevolle kommoditeit in Suid-Afrika is, word op grond van die navorsing aanbeveel dat ’n kollektiewe strategie wat op samewerking berus, ontwikkel word om perlemoenstropery en die maatskaplike euwels onderliggend daaraan te bekamp.Iinjongo zolu phando yayikukuphonononga indima edlalwa ziimpimpi/ oontamnani kuphando lokubulawa kwe-abalone eBhayi (ngoku eyiGqeberha), eMpuma Koloni. Iinkcazo zinikiwe ngeekhonsepthi ezingundoqo zethiyori, kubandakanywa “oontamnani”, “ulwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo”, “iabalone”, “nokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni”. Ngaphezu koko, uphando lolwaphulo-mthetho, iinjongo zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye neempawu zolwaphulo-mthetho zichazwa/ zixoxwa banzi..Indlela yepragmatiki yamkelwa kuphononongo, eyalufanela kakuhle uyilo lomgangatho. Iinkcukacha zobungqina malunga nokusetyenziswa kunye nexabiso loontamnani kuphando kunye neengqokelela zobuntlola eBhayi zaqokelelwa ngodliwano-ndlebe.Njengoko uphando lwenziwa ngexesha apho izithintelo ze-COVID-19 zazisebenza eMzantsi Afrika, udliwano-ndlebe ubukhulu becala lwenzeka kwi-intanethi. Iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba oontamnani bangumthombo obalulekileyo noxabisekileyo ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukubulawa kwe-abalone eBhayi. Iziphumo zikwabonisa ukuba, kwezinye iimeko, akunakwenzeka ukujomgana nolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwabo. Imingeni emininzi nayo ichongiwe ngophando.Le mingeni kunikwe ingxelo ngayo kwisahluko sesi-3. Njengoko i-abalone iyimveliso exabiseke ngolona hlobo eMzantsi Afrika, isindululo esenziweyo ngokusekelwe kuphando sesokuba isicwangciso esinentsebenziswano ngakumbi nesiqukayo kufuneka siphuhliselwe ukujongana hayi kuphela ulwaphulo-mthetho lokuzingela ii-abalone ngokungekho semthethweni kodwa kwakhona zijongane neengxaki zoluntu ezikuqhubayo.M.A. (Criminal Justice)Police Practic