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Implementation of freedom of information legislation in South Africa and Zimbabwe
Get PDFThe passage of Freedom of Information (FOI) legislation demonstrates a commitment to
combating corruption and promoting democracy through public participation, openness, and
transparency. Adoption of the legislation, however, is insufficient without its implementation.
The passage of FOI legislation, in theory, signifies a government’s willingness to provide
access to a wide range of information; however, access to the same constitutionally protected
human rights of access to information requires considerable effort. Despite the fact that over
20 African countries have enacted FOI legislation, citizens continue to struggle to access
information for a variety of reasons related to poor implementation of the legislation. As a
result, the public sector has failed to provide transparency, accountability, and good governance
to citizens. Using the Article 19 Principles for FOI Legislation as a conceptual framework, this
study conducts a comparative analysis of the implementation of FOI legislation in South Africa
and Zimbabwe to determine alignment with the principles. The study used a qualitative
approach to collect data from a panel of experts chosen using the snowball technique, as well
as an analysis of various documents such as FOI legislation, reports, and policies. To ensure
content integrity, a Delphi design with two rounds of interviews comprised of 12 experts (6
from South Africa and 6 from Zimbabwe) was used.
According to the study's findings, FOI legislation in South Africa and Zimbabwe has done little
to strengthen democracy and increase public participation because of several challenges,
including a lack of political will, a lack of commitment to developing FOI policies, a lack of
education and awareness, and a culture of secrecy. While recent developments such as the
newly established information regulator in South Africa and the adoption of new FOI
legislation in Zimbabwe are encouraging, it remains to be seen whether the legislation will be
fully implemented. The shortcomings and strengths of both countries' legislation are discussed.
Using all nine principles of Article 19 to evaluate FOI legislation, the study discovered several
gaps, such as partial or no alignment to specific principles. The PAIA of South Africa, for
example, does not provide for the repeal of "secretive" laws, whereas the FIA of Zimbabwe
partially does, and this has had a significant impact on the implementation of the FOI
legislation.
The study recommends comprehensive legislative amendments to ensure alignment with
Article 19 principles and that regulatory bodies collaborate with all key stakeholders, including
Parliament, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), and implementing agencies, to address
challenges associated with FOI legislation implementation. The study proposed a framework
for improving the implementation of FOI legislation in South Africa and Zimbabwe.Ph. D. (Information Science)Information Scienc
EFL teachers' perceptions and attitudes toward communicative language teaching in Mozambican secondary schools
No full textAbstracts in English and PortugueseEnglish is the global language of communication in technology, science, medicine, education, business and the internet. Due to its importance, in recent decades many countries in EFL contexts including Mozambique have adopted English as the language of communication and Communica-tive language teaching (CLT) as the teaching approach for equipping students with the necessary English Language skills.
This study explores teachers’ perceptions and attitudes toward CLT. It also investigates the extent to which teachers’ perceptions and attitudes toward CLT are consistent with their classroom prac-tices. This qualitative approach uses a case study research design to investigate this phenomenon in three secondary schools. Five secondary school English teachers were sampled for this study in the district of Chibuto, Mozambique. The study employs interviews and observations research instruments for data collection.
The study has found that teachers have a reasonable theoretical knowledge of CLT curriculum reform and hold positive attitudes toward it. Nevertheless, the teachers’ theoretical knowledge does not help them to translate CLT curriculum reform into their classrooms as they merged the traditional teaching methods and the communicative approach. As a result, there is an incon-sistency between their beliefs and classroom practices.
The participants revealed three challenges that impede the implementation of CLT curriculum re-form. The first challenge is most participants hold CLT misconceptions and lack training. The second is the students lack language skills, have different cultures and learning styles. Finally, the secondary schools have crowded classes, lack teaching resources and the final year exams are still traditional grammar-based which still features the traditional teaching methods.
The study concludes that it is not enough for teachers to hold positive perceptions and attitudes towards a curriculum reform before implementing it but the contextual factors should also be con-sidered. Following the in-depth analysis of the findings of the interviews and classroom observa-tions, some recommendations are provided. The teacher educators should educate teachers to put pedagogical theories into practice in their classrooms. This will enable teachers to constantly re-flect on their classroom practices which can be an effective way to increase teachers’ awareness of their beliefs underpinning their practicesO inglês é a língua global de comunicação em tecnologia, ciência, medicina, educação, negócios e internet. Devido à sua importância, nas últimas décadas muitos países em contextos de EFL, incluindo Moçambique, adotaram o inglês como língua de comunicação e o ensino comunicativo de línguas (CLT) como abordagem de ensino para equipar os alunos com as habilidades necessárias da língua inglesa.
Este estudo explora as percepções e atitudes dos professores em relação ao CLT. Também investiga até que ponto as percepções e atitudes dos professores em relação ao CLT são consistentes com suas práticas em sala de aula. Esta abordagem qualitativa usa um desenho de pesquisa de estudo de caso para investigar esse fenômeno em três escolas secundárias. Os participantes amostrados para este estudo são cinco professores de inglês do distrito de Chibuto, Moçambique. O estudo utiliza entrevistas e observações como instrumentos de pesquisa para coleta de dados.
O estudo descobriu que os professores têm um conhecimento teórico razoável da reforma curricular CLT e mantêm atitudes positivas em relação a ela. No entanto, o conhecimento teórico dos professores não os ajuda a traduzir a reforma curricular CLT em suas salas de aula, pois mesclaram os métodos tradicionais de ensino e a abordagem comunicativa. Como resultado, há uma inconsistência entre suas crenças e práticas em sala de aula.
Os participantes revelaram três desafios que impedem a implementação das reformas curriculares CLT. O primeiro desafio é que a maioria dos participantes tem conceitos errôneos de CLT e falta de treinamento. A segunda é que os alunos não têm habilidades linguísticas, têm culturas e estilos de aprendizagem diferentes. Por fim, as escolas secundárias têm turmas lotadas, carecem de recursos didáticos e os exames de final de ano ainda são baseados na gramática tradicional, que ainda apresenta os métodos tradicionais de ensino.
O estudo conclui que não basta que os professores tenham percepções e atitudes positivas em relação a uma reforma curricular antes de implementá-la, mas os fatores contextuais também devem ser considerados. Após a análise aprofundada dos resultados das entrevistas e observações em sala de aula, são fornecidas algumas recomendações. Os formadores de professores devem educar os professores para colocar as teorias pedagógicas em prática em suas salas de aula. Isso permitirá que os professores reflitam constantemente sobre suas práticas em sala de aula, o que pode ser uma maneira eficaz de aumentar a conscientização dos professores sobre suas crenças que sustentam suas práticas.M.A.(TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of other Languages))English Studie
Framework model for financing sustainable water and sanitation infrastructure in Zimbabwe
Get PDFText in English, abstract in English, Zulu and XhosaThe specific objectives of this study were three-fold: to analyse global public-private partnerships (PPP) models commonly used in providing water and sanitation services in urban settlements, and assess their applicability to the Zimbabwean context; to identify and confirm determinant factors to financing of water and sanitation PPPs in Zimbabwe; and to develop a framework for financing of water and sanitation PPPs in Zimbabwe. It was observed that diverse PPP models such as build-operate-transfer (BOT), build-operate-own (BOO), build-operate-own-transfer (BOOT), and rehabilitate-operate-transfer (ROT) concession contracts as well as management and lease contracts have been used in countries such as Nigeria, South Africa, Senegal and Namibia. Of these models, the most frequently used PPP models are the management and lease contracts especially when the physical infrastructure asset exist. Countries such as South Africa have adopted a situational approach to aligning water infrastructure projects with suitable PPP models. Using principal components analysis (PCA), the study developed a governance index (GIX) and a financial market development index (FDX). Through literature survey, determinants of water and sanitation PPP financing were identified. A blend of Poisson and Tobit regression techniques were used to empirically confirm determinants that influence water and sanitation PPP financing in Zimbabwe. In the main, financing of water and sanitation PPPs in Zimbabwe is influenced by GDP per capita, FDI, Stock market capitalisation to GDP ratio, Domestic bank credit to GDP, the ratio of bank credit to bank deposits, Non-performing loans as well as the governance variables of the control of corruption, voice and accountability and the rule of law. The PCA-developed financial development index insignificantly influence water and sanitation PPP financing. Contrastingly, the institutional governance index is confirmed to have significant influence on water and sanitation PPPs in Zimbabwe.
Over and above presenting a framework to unlock financing of water and sanitation infrastructure projects in Zimbabwe, the study recommended, in view of the findings, that through the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC), structural reforms must be implemented to enhance the capacity of domestic capital markets to assimilate large public share issuance. Reforms that entail revising the stock market listing requirements to accommodate infrastructure project companies that have short operating history to facilitate their access to short and long-term financing are critical for water infrastructure development in Zimbabwe. Financial governing authorities are further advised to work on developing liquid domestic government bond market with a long-term yield curve. A long-term yield curve provides a benchmark for risk pricing in infrastructure projects. The government can work with multilateral institutions such as the AfDB in order to generate a positive signalling effect to investors that they can issue bonds on the ZSE. Furthermore, in order to diversify the portfolio of PPP sponsors, the government of Zimbabwe is advised to enforce the current legal frame works in order to improve the country’s ranking with respect to institutional quality. Relative to Chinese sponsors, European and American investors are sensitive to institutional quality prior to committing investment funds.
With regard to further research, the study recognises that the scope of partnerships for water infrastructure development has metamorphosed to include other structures such as multi-stake holder partnerships (MSPs) and water operator partnerships (WOPs). Further studies can examine these forms of partnerships in detail either singularly or collectively. Source of finance discussed in this study can be disaggregated and examined to build frameworks for financing water and sanitation infrastructure in Zimbabwe or other parts of the world.Izinjongo eziqondile zalolu cwaningo zazihlukene kathathu: ukuhlaziya amamodeli wobambiswano lukahulumeni nelizimele (BHZ) ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsiza zamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle ezindaweni zokuhlala zasemadolobheni, kanye nokuhlola ukuthi zisebenza kanjani esimweni saseZimbabwe; ukuhlonza kanye nokuqinisekisa izici ezinqumayo ekuxhaseni ngezimali zo-BHZ amanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle eZimbabwe; kanye nokwenza uhlaka lokuxhasa ngezimali zo-BHZ amanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle eZimbabwe. Kwaqashelwa ukuthi amamodeli o-BHZ ahlukahlukene afana no- ukwakha-sebenzisa-dlulisa (USD), ukwakha-sebenzisa-okwakho (USO), ukwakha- sebenzisa- okwakho- dlulisela (USOD), kanye noku- vuselela-sebenzisa-dlulisa (VSD) izinkontileka zemvumelwano kanye nezinkontileka zokuphatha nezokuqashisa zisetshenziswe emazweni afana neNigeria, iNingizimu Afrika, iSenegal kanye neNamibia. Kulawa mamodeli, amamodeli o-BHZ asetshenziswa kakhulu awokuphatha kanye nezinkontileka zokuqashisa ikakhulukazi uma impahla yengqalasizinda ebonakalayo ikhona. Amazwe, njengeNingizimu Afrika, asebenzise indlela ehambisana nezimo yokuhlanganisa imiklamo yengqalasizinda yamanzi namamodeli o-Bhz afanelekile. Kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwezingxenye eziyinhloko (UKE), ucwaningo lwakha inkomba yokubusa (IY) kanye nenkomba yokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zezimali (NYKZ). Ngocwaningo lwemibhalo, izinkomba zokuxhaswa ngezimali ko-BHZ yamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle zihlonziwe. Inhlanganisela yezindlela zokuhlehla ze-Poisson kanye ne-Tobit zasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni izinqumo ezithonya uxhaso lwe-BHZ yamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle eZimbabwe. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwama-BHZ amanzi kanye nokukhucululwa kwendle eZimbabwe kuthonywa yi-GDP ngomuntu ngamunye, i-FDI, imali ezimakethe zamasheya kuya kwesilinganiso se-GDP, isikweletu sebhange lasekhaya ku-GDP, isilinganiso sesikweletu sebhange kumadiphozithi asebhange, izikweletu ezingasebenzi, kanye njengezinguquko zokuphatha zokulawulwa kwenkohlakalo, izwi kanye nokuziphendulela kanye nomthetho. Inkomba yokuthuthukiswa kwezimali ethuthukisiwe ye-PCA ayinamthelela ongatheni kwezezimali ze-BHZ zamanzi nokukhucululwa kwendle. Ngokuphambene, inkomba yokubusa kwesikhungo iqinisekisiwe ukuthi inomthelela omkhulu ku-BHZ wamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle eZimbabwe.
Ngaphezulu kwalokho kwethulwa uhlaka lokuvula uxhaso lwezimali zamaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda yamanzi kanye nokukhucululwa kwendle eZimbabwe, ucwaningo luncome, ngokubheka imiphumela, ukuthi ngeSecurities Exchange Commission (SEC), kumele kwenziwe uguquko lwezakhiwo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla emali yasekhaya. izimakethe ukuze zihlanganise ukukhishwa kwamasheya omphakathi amakhulu. Izinguquko ezibandakanya ukubuyekezwa kohlu lwezimakethe zamasheya ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinkampani zephrojekthi yengqalasizinda ezinomlando omfishane wokusebenza ukuze zikwazi ukuthola uxhaso lwezimali zesikhathi esifushane nezesikhathi eside zibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda yamanzi eZimbabwe. Iziphathimandla eziphethe ezezimali zelulekwa ukuthi zisebenzele ukuthuthukisa imakethe yebhondi kahulumeni ewuketshezi enejika lesikhathi eside lesivuno. Ijika lesivuno lesikhathi eside linikeza ibhentshimakhi yamanani entengo kumaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda. Uhulumeni angasebenza nenhlanganiso zezikhungo zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana le AfDB ukuze aveze impumela emihle kubatshalizimali ukuze bakhiphe amabhondi ku-ZSE. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kwehlukaniseke iphothifoliyo yabaxhasi bo-BHZ, uHulumeni waseZimbabwe uyalulekwa ukuba asebenzise uhlaka lwezomthetho lwamanje ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lezwe maqondana nekhwalithi yesikhungo. Ngokuphathelene nabaxhasi baseShayina, abatshalizimali baseYurophu nabaseMelika bathathela ekhanda ikhwalithi yesikhungo ngaphambi kokutshala izimali.
Maqondana noluqhuba ucwaningo, ucwaningo luyabona ukuthi ububanzi bobambiswano lokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yamanzi selushintshile ukuze lufake phakathi nezinye izinhlaka ezifana nobudlelwane obubambisene nababambiqhaza kanye nobudlelwano bokusebenzisa amanzi (UBA). Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lungahlola lezi zinhlobo zobambiswano ngokujulile, kungaba ngobunye noma ngokuhlanganyela. Umthombo wezimali okuxoxwe ngawo kulolu cwaningo ungahlukaniswa futhi uhlolwe ukuze kwakhiwe izinhlaka zokuxhasa ngezimali ingqalasizinda yamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle eZimbabwe noma kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba.Iinjongo ezingundoqo zesi sifundo zazintlantlu ntathu: yayikukuhlalutya iindlela zentsebenziswano yamaqumrhu abucala nakarhulumente (iiPPPs) ekunikezeleni iinkonzo zamanzi nococeko ezindaweni zasezidolophini, kujongwe nokuba zingasebenza na eZimbabwe; ukunakana nokuqinisekisa imiba elawulayo ekunikeni imali iiPPPs zamanzi nococeko eZimbabwe; kunye nokuqulunqa isakhelo sokunika imali iiPPPs zamanzi nococeko eZimbabwe. Kwaqapheleka ukuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonikezelo mali nolawulo lweePPPs ezifana nezo zaziwa ngezishunqulelo ezithi BOT omele ukuthi yakha-sebenzisa-dlulisela, BOO: yakha-sebenzisa-yiba ngumnini, BOOT: yakha-sebenzisa-yiba ngumnini-dlulisela kunye neROT: vuselela-sebenzisa-dlulisela ziyasetyenziswa kwamanye amazwe afana neNigeria, UMzantsi Afrika, iSenegal neNamibia. Eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi ndlela zeePPPs yindlela yezivumelwano zokulawula nokuqeshisa ngakumbi xa zikhona izibonelelo nobuxhakaxhaka bokusebenza. Amazwe afana noMzantsi Afrika, asebenzisa indlela yokusebenza apho kungqanyaniswa iiprojekthi zobuxhakaxhaka bamanzi neendlela zePPPs ezifanelekileyo. Ngokuhlalutya kuqwalaselwa imiba engundoqo (PCA), esi sifundo savela nesalathiso sokulawula (GIX) kunye nesalathiso sophuhliso lwemarike yezemali (FDX). Kwaphengululwa uluncwadi kwaze kwafunyaniswa izikhokelo zokunikela ngemali kwiiPPPs. Kwasetyenziswa umxube weendlela zohlalutyo iPoisson neTobit ukuqinisekisa imiba ekhokela ukuxhaswa ngemali kweePPPs eZimbabwe. Kuyacaca ukuba ukuxhaswa ngemali kweePPPs zamanzi nococeko eZimbabwe kufuthelwa yile miba ilandelayo, neyaziwa ngesiNgesi ngolu hlobo: GDP per capita, FDI, imarike yestokhwe kwireshiyo ye GDP, amatyala ebhanki kwiGDP, ireshiyo yetyala lebhanki kwimali engenayo. Amatyala angasebenziyo kwakunye nemiba ngemiba yolawulo lobuqhophololo, amazwi nokuphendula, kunye nolawulo lomthetho. Isikhokelo sonikezelo mali esaphuhliswa yiPCA sinefuthe elimandla kuxhaso mali lweePPPs zamanzi nococeko. Kunjalo kunje, kwaqinisekiswa ukuba isalathiso solawulo lwamaziko sinefuthe elinamandla kwiiPPPs zamanzi nococeko eZimbabwe.
Ukongeza ekunikezeleni ngesakhelo sokuxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi zobuxhakaxhaka bamanzi nococeko eZimbabwe, esi sifundo sicebisa ukuba kubekho inguqu zokomeleza iimarike zemali zagaphakathi, oko kusenziwa ngokukhokelwa yikhomishini eyiSecurities Exchange Commission (SEC), ngenjongo yokubandakanya imvumelwano yoluntu jikelele. Iinguqu zokuphucula eziquka ukuhlaziya imiqathango yodweliso kwimarike yestokhwe ngenjongo yokulungiselela ubuxhakaxhaka bokusebenza kwiinkampani ezinikwa imali nezinembali emfutshane yokusebenza zifuneka kakhulu eZimbabwe. Abasemagunyeni kwezolawulo lweemali bayacetyiswa ukuba baphuhlise imarike yokubolekisa elula neyenza intlawulo ethatha ixesha elide. Intlawulo ethatha ixesha elide ibeka umgangatho kumngcipheko wokuseka amaxabiso kwiiprojekthi zobuxhakaxhaka bokusebenza. Urhulumente angasebenzisana namaziko anamacandelo amaninzi njengeAfDB ngenjongo zokukhuthaza abatyali mali ukwenzela ukuba babolekise ngemali kwiZSE. Ngaphaya koko, ukwandisa nokudala iintlobontlobo zeepotifoliyo zabaxhasi beePPPs, urhulumente waseZimbabwe ucetyiswa ukuba aqinisele izakhelo zasemthethweni ezikhoyo ngenjongo yokuphucula isimo sesizwe ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho wamaziko. Xa kuthelekiswa nabaxhasi baseChina, abatyali mali baseYurophu naseMelika bawuqwalasela nzulu umgangatho weziko ngaphambi kokunikezela ngemali.
Malunga nophando oluthe chatha, esi sifundo siyaqonda ukuba intsebenziswano kwimicimbi yobuxhakaxhaka bomsebenzi kwezamanzi iyaguquguquka kwaye iquka nabanye abathathi nxaxheba njengeendibanisela zabathathi nxaxheba abaninzi (MSPs) kunye neendibanisela zabasebenzi manzi (WOPs). Izifundo ezongezelelweyo zisengaxilonga nzulu ezi ndidi zentsebenziswano ngokukodwa okanye ngokwengqokelela. Imithombo yokunikezela ngemali ingacazululwa ixilongwe ukuze kuyilwe izakhelo zokunikezela ngemali kubuxhakaxhaka bokusebenza amanzi nococeko eZimbabwe okanye kwamanye amazwe ehlabathi.Ph. D. (Management Studies)Finance, Risk Management and Bankin
Access and use of electronic resources by students at the selected campuses of the University of Namibia
No full textAcademic libraries are now using electronic resources to fulfil the information needs of their clients. The study was carried out at the University of Namibia and was aimed at investigating access and use of electronic resources by undergraduate students at the selected campuses of the University of Namibia.
The investigation utilized the descriptive survey study design, which is quantitative in methodology. The target population was 1,460 undergraduate students enrolled at Neudamm, Khomasdal and José Eduardo dos Santos campuses were targeted for this investigation and, using stratified random sampling, a corresponding sample of 292 undergraduate students was obtained. The study utilized two questionnaires to collect data from undergraduate students and twelve library staff and data were analyzed by using SPSS software.
The study established that UNAM libraries were signed up to an extensive variety of electronic resources and that students were commonly mindful of the presence of these electronic resources. However, students were not using electronic databases, e-books, and e-journals provided by the library, to their fullest potential. Additionally, the study settled that students preferred to use search engines, such as ‘Google search, over other licensed databases for various purpose, including current and general information, preparing for examination, writing assignments and projects. Furthermore, the study reported lack of searching skills among students and ineffective information literacy program. Limited space in the training venues, limited online library guides and inappropriate timing of the training impedes the effectiveness of training programs.
The findings also reported that a lack of ICT infrastructure, such as the unavailability of web network connectivity, inadequate number of computers, and slow internet connectivity were the primary elements limiting students from accessing and adequately utilizing electronic resources.
Lastly, the study infers that students showed a desire and readiness to access and utilize electronic resources for their course work and research purposes regardless of some recognized difficulties that hindered their effective usage of these resources. To encourage more noteworthy access to, and utilization of, electronic resources, various recommendations based on the findings were presented. These were that students should be assigned academic tasks that compel them to access and use licensed databases, that Internet bandwidth be increased to ensure high speeds, the number of networked computers in the libraries be increased, the plug in points in the libraries be expanded to allow students to plug in their own devices, training venues be expanded, online library guides be developed to guide all library users and structured information literacy programs be developed and integrated into the university curriculum.M. Inf.Information Scienc
Experiences of distant parented adolescent girls in Chiredzi South constituency of Zimbabwe
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of distant parented adolescent girls
in Chiredzi South Constituency of Zimbabwe. The phenomenon focused on the experiences
that distant parented adolescent girls go through in the absence of the migrant parents. The
study was underpinned by the bio-ecological systems theory to bring to the fore the role of
different environmental systems surrounding a distant parented adolescent to her
development. Qualitative methods of data collection, analysis and interpretation were used.
The study employed a purposive sampling approach to select the twenty-five (25) distant
parented adolescent girls who participated in the focus group discussions and interviews
from five secondary schools. Data were collected and recorded. A thematic analysis was
used. Some of the findings were that the systems surrounding a distant parented adolescent
girl are not supportive of her development; distant parented girls experience labour and
sexual exploitation, communication challenges with the migrant parents; they are bullied,
feel lonely, lack access to the remittances and experience stigmatisation. Based on the
findings, the study recommends collaborative support to the distant parented adolescent girls
residing in Chiredzi South Constituency of Zimbabwe.D. Phil. (Psychology)Psycholog
The tax implications of profit share accrual for public benefit organisations in South Africa
Get PDFSection 10(1)(cN) of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 (the Act) in South Africa makes provision for approved Public Benefit Organisations (PBOs) in South Africa to enjoy preferential tax treatment. An organisation is approved as a PBO according to the requisites in section 30 of the Act. Accordingly, approved PBOs enjoy partial exemption from Capital Gains Tax (CGT). Income generated from trading activities must meet specific criteria to enjoy preferential tax treatment. One of the restrictions of this section is that an approved PBO may never have as its sole or primary object the operation of a commercial business to fund their public benefit activity. The South African non-profit sector continues to struggle financially, despite the progressive development of the tax legislation since 2000. The South African Revenue Service (SARS) believes that changes made at the commencement of 2000 to the Act that applies to approved PBO’s, are sufficient to strengthen the financial resources of the non-profit sector. However, the Legal Resources Centre believes that the changes made to the Act imbed a dependence on sporadic donor funding.
After 1994, several nonprofit organisations that offered much needed socio-economic services to various South African communities, announced that they were struggling financially. Rape Crisis Cape Town was established in Cape Town in 1976 to help survivors of rape and sexual violence. In 1987, the Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) was set up to monitor the quality of democracy and hold the decision-makers accountable in Southern Africa. Both organisations made public announcements that they were struggling financially, and since then, IDASA has closed its operations in South Africa, and Rape Crisis Cape Town continues to struggle financially.
South Africa’s non-profit sector finds its origin in the UK. The UK has implemented and changed its income tax legislation over a more extended period than South Africa. This research undertakes a comparative study between South Africa’s PBOs and registered Charities in the United Kingdom, emphasising England and Wales. It critically analyses the similarities and differences between PBOs and Charities with a specific focus on business undertakings and trading activities to increase the finances of the non-profit sector. One of the shortfalls of the study is that South Africa has a limited number of decided cases and research articles assessing this topic.
This study highlights the complementary link between profit share accrual of PBOs and the basic requirements, conditions, and nature of these entities to address the social and economic challenges highlighted in the National Plan. There is not enough existing case law in which the courts adequately define concepts like “income”, “expenditure”, “surplus”, “profit” and “accrual” for PBOs. The study concludes by discussing the lessons learned from Charities in England and Wales, and it makes recommendations to the South African government for future implementation.LL. M. (Tax Laws)Mercantile La
Socio-economic benefits of conditional grants in public libraries in the Heidelberg and Sicelo communities, in Gauteng, South Africa
Get PDFConditional grants have changed the public library space by giving the South African society free access to knowledge and information that assist in improving the socio-economic situation of individuals using public libraries and the communities at large. A public library plays an important role in a community through information access, reading programmes, space for activities, study areas, computer access, and a social space for the community, especially in previously disadvantaged areas. Therefore, it is important for public libraries to receive conditional grants. The Department of Arts and Culture (DAC) (2006) states that the grant’s purpose is to transform urban and rural infrastructure, facilities, and services, especially in previously disadvantaged areas.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the socio-economic benefits of the Library Conditional Grant in public libraries in the Heidelberg and Sicelo communities in Gauteng, South Africa. The study adopted the conceptual framework formed by the Batho Pele principles, the Promotion of Access to Information Act, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, and the theory of change framework, as the concepts. The research paradigm adopted in the study is the positivist approach. The research approach followed was a quantitative research approach and the research design was a survey. Systematic random sampling was used to select 254 respondents consisting of officials and library users from the national Department of Arts and Culture, Gauteng Provincial Library Service, Lesedi Local Municipality, Midvaal Local Municipality, Heidelberg public library, Heidelberg community, Sicelo public library, and Sicelo community. Data were collected from respondents using a questionnaire as the data collection tool.
The findings of the study indicated that (a) there is a budget allocation through the Library Conditional Grant for library staff appointment in both Heidelberg and Sicelo libraries; (b) library users are aware of the services offered at libraries but not the community at large due to a lack of marketing; (c) books are procured on an annual basis and libraries have adequate and up to date stock; (d) library programmes are offered and implemented to the Heidelberg and Sicelo communities; (e) library halls of both the Heidelberg and Sicelo libraries are utilised by the local community structures according to the respondents; (f) challenges include slow infrastructure implementation in terms of construction of new libraries, filling of vacant positions and supply chain management; and (g) on guidance, respondents suggest the permanent appointment of staff at the Heidelberg library, filling vacant positions, and maintenance of libraries, amongst other things.
This study recommends that: (a) vacancies should be filled to ensure efficient library service delivery; (b) procurement of outside furniture to accommodate library users that visit Heidelberg and Sicelo libraries to access Wi-Fi; (c) Library Conditional Grant should continue to allocate budget for implementation of library programmes; (d) library halls of both Heidelberg and Sicelo libraries need to be marketed to ensure maximum utilisation by the community structures; (e) consider using the Library Conditional Grant to erect a gaming room with tablets for children in the Sicelo library; and (f) permanent appointment of staff at the Heidelberg library.
The study further recommends that another study be conducted to investigate the impact of the Library Conditional Grant in public libraries located in rural areas across South Africa. This study will assist in the professional implementation of a workable model for the implementation of the Library Conditional Grant. The study will also assist in determining whether the Library Conditional Grant is impacting rural communities in terms of empowering members socially and economically.Ph. D. (Information Science)Information Scienc
Research data management in selected universities in South Africa
No full textIncludes summaries in Zulu and TswanaResearch Data Management (RDM) is an innovative trend that is growing
exponentially, and globally influences the research arena, as well as academic
institutions. However, the recipient of this ground-breaking research data
management did not receive the same popularity as its predecessor, Open Access
(OA). However, through the mandate of the National Research Foundation (NRF),
slowly but surely, it is taking its position in the society of the research arena. Many
academic institutions are flocking to deploy innovation time.
The ultimate aim of this study was to explore how research data management in
selected Universities in South Africa, is organised. It also aimed to establish the impact
that the marketing of RDM services has on academic institutions in sustaining the
visibility of research data management in an academic institution.
The investigation adopted a predominantly quantitative motive approach. The targeted
population was 20 and the focus was more on the personnel such as research data
managers, research data supporting staff, ICTL and the marketing team of the library
who are the RDM service providers of the designated institutions. The researcher used
self-developed structured questionnaires that consist of both closed and open-end
questions using Google Forms. The link and backup Ms-Word questionnaire were
distributed to the identified population.
The researcher reviewed the study's findings considering the study's aims. The
findings were reviewed considering the pertinent literature review and the work of other
researchers. The findings in this study evidently demonstrate the significance of
establishing proper RDM services in selected Universities and marketing in various
institutions. There are different strategies that are used by the institutions in marketing
the RDM to the targeted users. Furthermore, different policies that support the
functionality of the RDM are in place as one of the driving factors in the implementation
of the RDM. The findings of the study further correlate with the literature on the role
played by the ICT support service in enhancing the functionality and sustainability of
the RDM services in academic institutions in selected universities in South AfricaUlawulo lweeNkcukacha zoPhando (RDM) yindlela entsha ekhula ngokukhawuleza,
kwaye kwihlabathi jikelele inefuthe kwibala lophando, kunye namaziko emfundo.
Nangona kunjalo, umamkeli wolu lawulo lwedatha yophando oluqhekezayo akazange
afumane ukuthandwa okufanayo njengokwandulelayo, i-Open Access (OA). Nangona
kunjalo, ngomyalelo weNational Research Foundation (NRF), ngokucothayo kodwa
ngokuqinisekileyo, ithatha indawo yayo kuluntu lwebala lophando. Amaziko emfundo
amaninzi athontelana ukuza kuhambisa ixesha lokuqamba izinto ezintsha.
Eyona njongo yolu phononongo yayikukuphonononga indlela ulawulo lwedatha
yophando kwiiYunivesithi ezikhethiweyo eMzantsi Afrika, olucwangciswa ngayo.
Ikwajolise ekusekeni impembelelo yokuthengiswa kweenkonzo ze-RDM kumaziko
emfundo ekuzinziseni ukubonakala kolawulo lwedatha yophando kwiziko lemfundo.
Uphando lwamkele indlela yenjongo yobungakanani. Abemi ekujoliswe kubo
yayingama-20 kwaye ingqwalasela yayingakumbi kubasebenzi abafana nabaphathi
bedatha yophando, idatha yophando lwabasebenzi abaxhasayo, i-ICTL kunye neqela
lentengiso yethala leencwadi elingababoneleli ngeenkonzo ze-RDM kumaziko
atyunjiweyo. Umphandi usebenzise iikhweshine eziziphuhlisileyo ezakhiweyo
ezibandakanya zombini ezivaliweyo kunye nemibuzo evulekileyo esebenzisa iiFom
zikaGoogle. Ikhonkco kunye nekhweshine ye-Ms-Word egciniweyo yasasazwa
kubantu abachongiweyo.
Umphandi uphonononge iziphumo zophononongo ethathela ingqalelo iinjongo
zophononongo. Iziphumo zaphononongwa ngokuqwalasela uphononongo loncwadi
olufanelekileyo kunye nomsebenzi wabanye abaphandi. Iziphumo zolu phando
zibonisa ngokucacileyo ukubaluleka kokuseka iinkonzo ezifanelekileyo ze-RDM
kwiiYunivesithi ezikhethiweyo kunye nentengiso kumaziko ohlukeneyo. Kukho
izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngamaziko ekuthengiseni i-RDM
kubasebenzisi ekujoliswe kubo. Ngaphaya koko, imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo
exhasa ukusebenza kwe-RDM ikhona njengenye yezinto eziqhubayo
ekuphunyezweni kwe-RDM. Iziphumo zophando zihambelana ngakumbi noncwadi
olungendima edlalwa yinkonzo yenkxaso ye-ICT ekwandiseni ukusebenza nozinzo
lweenkonzo ze-RDM kumaziko emfundo kwiiyunivesithi ezikhethiweyo eMzantsi
Afrika.Research Data Management (RDM) ke mokhoa oa boiqapelo o ntseng o hola ka
sekhahla, 'me lefatšeng ka bophara o susumetsa lebala la lipatlisiso, hammoho le litsi
tsa thuto. Leha ho le joalo, moamoheli oa taolo ena ea data ea bohlokoahali ea
lipatlisiso ha a ka a fumana botumo bo tšoanang le ba pele ho eona, Open Access
(OA). Leha ho le joalo, ka taelo ea Motheo oa Naha oa Lipatlisiso (NRF), butle-butle,
e ntse e nka boemo ba eona sechabeng sa lebala la lipatlisiso. Litsi tse ngata tsa thuto
li khobokana ho sebelisa nako ea boqapi.
Maikaelelo a magolo a thutopatlisiso e e ne e le go sekaseka ka fa tsamaiso ya
tshedimosetso ya patlisiso mo Diyunibesithing tse di tlhophilweng mo Aforika Borwa,
e rulagantsweng ka teng. E ne e boetse e rerile ho theha phello eo ho bapatsa ha
litšebeletso tsa RDM ho nang le eona ho litsi tsa thuto bakeng sa ho boloka ponahalo
ea taolo ea data ea lipatlisiso setsing sa thuto.
Patlisiso e ile ea amohela mokhoa oa sepheo sa bongata. Palo e neng e reretsoe
batho e ne e le 20 'me ho ne ho tsepamisitsoe maikutlo haholo ho basebetsi ba kang
baokameli ba lintlha tsa lipatlisiso, basebetsi ba tšehetsang lintlha tsa lipatlisiso, ICTL
le sehlopha sa papatso sa laeborari bao e leng bafani ba litšebeletso tsa RDM ba litsi
tse khethiloeng. Mofuputsi o sebelisitse lipotso tse iketselitseng tse hlophisitsoeng tse
nang le lipotso tse koetsoeng le tse bulehileng li sebelisa Google Forms. Lihokelo le
lethathamo la lipotso tsa bekapo tsa Ms-Word li ile tsa abeloa batho ba khethiloeng.
Mofuputsi o hlahlobile liphuputso tsa phuputso a shebile merero ea thuto. Liphuputso
li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho shebiloe tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng tse amehang le mosebetsi oa
bafuputsi ba bang. Liphuputso thutong ena li bonts'a bohlokoa ba ho theha litšebeletso
tse nepahetseng tsa RDM Liunivesithing tse khethiloeng le ho bapatsa litsing tse
fapaneng. Ho na le maano a fapaneng a sebelisoang ke litsi ho bapatsa RDM ho
basebelisi ba shebiloeng. Ho feta moo, maano a fapaneng a ts'ehetsang ts'ebetso ea
RDM a teng e le e 'ngoe ea lintlha tse susumetsang ts'ebetsong ea RDM. Dikutollo
vii
tsa phuputso di tswela pele ho tsamaellana le dingolwa tse mabapi le karolo e
kgathilweng ke tshebeletso ya tshehetso ya ICT ho ntlafatseng tshebetso le botsitso
ba ditshebeletso tsa RDM ditheong tsa thuto diyunibesithing tse kgethilweng tsa
Aforika Borwa.M.A. (Information Science)Information Scienc
Knowledge management framework for performance in a public sector organisation in Ghana
No full textThe emergence of knowledge-based economies globally, has emphasised knowledge management (KM) practices in organisations as the emerging path for employees’ performance effectiveness. To this effect, one important way of solving employees’ performance challenges is that the HR department needs to articulate how the employees can apply KM practices to create knowledge value for the organisation that will lead to their effective performance. This study was, therefore, conducted to address a continued ineffective performance of employees of public sector organisations in Ghana, which was largely blamed on ineffective HR practices attributed to lack of understanding of KM practices among the employees. Here, KM adopted as an integrative lens on this research area, has been described as a systematic way whereby HR management decides on which knowledge resource employees should rely on for the smooth and effective operation of the organisation. Hence, the study aimed to develop a validated KM framework for effective performance of employees of the Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs), which is a public sector organisation under the Local Government Service of Ghana (LGSG).
In respect to this, the most appropriate philosophical paradigm and research design for this qualitative study was interpretive phenomenological approach (IPA). This approach helped to explore and explain the understanding and interpretation of the phenomenon, which was best done through the shared value, knowledge and experience of the participants working together in a group. Hence, employees of three metropolitan assemblies namely, Kumasi, Tamale and Tema zoned geographically as central, northern and southern zones respectively, which reflect the typology of most public sector organisations in Ghana, were purposively selected as the population for the study. These metropolitan assemblies are well-staffed with sub-metropolitan structures for effective personnel management.
Informed by the IPA methodology, 18 participants were selected as the sample size using a heterogeneous purposive sampling technique for semi-structured interviews and also using a semi-structured interview schedule as the instrument focribed verbatim before analysed using an IPA framework of analysis which is sequential and a bottom-up approach. The transcribed interviews together with the observational field notes and reflexive research journal were used to generate inferential codes after they were compared with the codes of an independent co-coder for the development of superordinate themes used for interpretation of the findings for the study. The main findings revealed that nearly all participants had long years of working experience as well as good working relation with the HR management and practiced KM practices, which contribute to their commitments, competence, physical resource, and knowledge, which they used to increase their performance effectiveness as well as the knowledge resource of other employees in the organisation.
In the findings, the participants described KM practices as the internal practices for sharing employees’ knowledge or internal strategies for sharing the documented knowledge of the organisation. They also revealed that enhanced internal practices and strategies also help to improve on their processes of sharing, transfer and application of the organisational knowledge (OK). This helps them to be more professional in their improved KM practices, which they described as improved practices for sharing employees’ knowledge or improved strategies for sharing documented knowledge of the organisation. The findings revealed that the HR management’s support for the enhanced internal practices and strategies was very necessary because these helped to improve on the employees’ KM practices through effective interaction and socialisation, which is the main contribution of the study. Hence, a conceptual framework on KM for performance has been proffered to guide employees’ effective performance in an organisation. It was, therefore, recommended that the HR management of the public sector organisations follows the necessary guidelines for its implementation for their employees’ effective understanding of their formal ways of sharing the OK, which helps them to become open-minded and to develop quick problem-solving techniques in the organisation.D. Phil. (Human Resource Management)Human Resource Managemen
