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Assault burn injuries in adolescents and adults in South Africa: risk factors and characteristics
Get PDFAssault burns comprise a significant subset of burns, with a greater risk of severe injuries. This South African study used a national dataset from major hospitals to identify risks and injury characteristics of assault burns. The analysis sample comprised 2658 adolescent and adult cases and employed logistic regression with bootstrapping to examine the risk of assault compared to unintentional burns. The study indicates that 17.4% of burns were due to assault. Males were 1.5 times more likely than females to be burn assault victims. Compared to adults 55 years and older, young adults 22–39 years were at greatest risk, followed by youth 13–21 years. Assault injuries were five times more likely due to chemical attacks and three times more likely to scalds than to flame burns. The head, neck and trunk were most affected. Where alcohol was indicated, assault burns were five times more likely than unintentional burns. The findings may indicate the need for targeted prevention strategies such as conflict resolution, alcohol use management and the control of corrosive chemicals.Institute for Social and Health Studies (ISHS)University of South Africa (UNISA)
South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC
An Assessment of Customer Service Quality in Food Franchise Restaurants of Mthatha
No full textThe aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of customers on service quality
rendered by food franchise restaurants in the area of Mthatha, OR Tambo District
Municipality, Eastern Cape. The study used a qualitative research method. The overall
aim was to have an in-depth understanding of these perceptions. Due to its qualitative
nature, the researcher adopted thematic analysis to analyse the primary data collected
from in-depth interviews. The main research question was around the perceptions of
customers on service quality rendered by food franchise restaurants in Mthatha. The
secondary research questions were around the service quality provided by food
franchise restaurants compared to customer expectations in Mthatha, the aspects of
service quality that customers value the most on food franchise restaurants in Mthatha,
and the factors that contribute to the variance between what food franchise restaurants
offer as a service and what customers expect as customer service in Mthatha.
The findings of this study indicated that customers expect a warm welcome, focused
attention by the staff and administrators, quick service at all fronts from being seated
to receiving the bill and everything in between, a pleasant and comfortable atmosphere
without unwanted disturbances, a high-quality food that sits at par with the standards
of the restaurant, a kind and cordial treatment by the restaurant staff throughout their
dining experience, and easy payment methods
Mvukululo ya mvelele na vhunne: tsedzuluso ya manwalwa a sialala a Tshivenda tshitirikini tsha Beitbridge, Zimbabwe
No full textAbstracts in Venda and EnglishMaṅwalwa a sialala ndi maṅwalwa a songo tou ṅwaliwaho o shumiswaho nga tshaka nnzhi dza Vharema u bva izwo kale u bvukulula mvelele na vhunṋe zwavho. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo ṱoḓisisa nga ha ndeme ya maṅwe maṅwalwa a sialala a Vhavenḓa vha Beitbridge, Zimbabwe ane a bvukulula mvelele na vhunṋe zwavho. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi ndi ya ndeme ngauri tshifhinga tsha vhukoloni na tshifhinga tsha murahu ha vhukoloni zwo shela mulenzhe kha u ngalangala ha mvelele na vhunṋe zwa Vharema kha ḽa Afrika hu tshi katelwa na ḽa Zimbabwe.
Maṅwalwa a sialala e ṱhoḓisiso ya ḓisendeka ngao ndi nyimbo na mitshino zwa sialala, mirero na maambele. Ngona ye ya shumiswa ndi ya khwaḽithethivi. Iyi ngona yo vha ya ndeme sa izwo i tshi ita uri muṱoḓisisi a wane mafhungo ane a kwama kutshilele kwa vhathu. Ho shumiswa mbudzisavhathu, khweshenere na u ṱalela kha u kuvhanganya mafhungo. Tsengulso yone yo ḓisendeka nga thyiori dza vhuṱalula mvelele “cultural relativism” na ṱhuṱhuwedzo ya mvelele ‘cultural determinism’. Thyiori idzi mbili dzi bvukulula uri vhathu vha tshila nga nḓila dzo fhambanaho nahone zwine vha tenda khazwo zwi a fhambana, fhedzi tsha ndeme ndi uri vha tea u ṱanganedza u fhambana havho. Ndeme ya thyiori idzi yo vhonala sa izwo Vhavenḓa vha Beitbridge vha tshi dzula vho ṱangana na vhathu vha dziṅwe tshaka. Ṱhoḓisiso yo wana uri vhunzhi ha Vhavenḓa vha tshiṱirikini tsha Beitbridge, Zimbabwe a vha shumisi maṅwalwa a sialala a fanaho na mirero na maambele nga u angaredza. Vhana vhavho vhone a vha ḓivhi zwinzhi nga maṅwalwa a sialala ngauri a vha vha anetsheli zwi fanaho na ngano na thai, kana u tamba mitambo ya zwidade na zwiṅwe. Zwikoloni na hone maṅwalwa a sialala ha funzwi. U sa vha hone ha maṅwalwa a sialala vhutshiloni ha vhathu avha zwi ita uri vha sa ḓivhe mvelele na vhunṋe zwavho. Nyimbo na mitshino ya sialala zwone zwo wanala zwi sa dzhenelwi nga vhathu vhanzhi. Ḽiṅwe hafhu ndi ḽa uri Vhavenḓa tshiṱirikini itshi a vha ḓihudzi nga u shumisa luambo lwavho, vha anzela u shumisa nyambo dza tshaka dzi re nnzhi; vhana zwikoloni na musi vha tshi tamba a vha shumisi nyambo dzavho. Vha aluwa vha sa ḓivhi mvelele na vhunṋe zwavho. Tshiṅwe hafhu muvhuso na wone a u eḓanyisi vhuimo ha tshaka dzi re na vhathu vhanzhi na dzi si na vhathu vhathu vhanzhi; izwi zwa ṱuṱuwedza uri Vhavenḓa vha ḓinyadze. Ṱhoḓisiso yo fhedza nga u themendela uri Vhavenḓa vha tshiṱirikini tsha Beitbridge kha ḽa Zimbabwe vha ḓirwe khana nga luambo lwavho, nahone vha funze vhana zwa sialala, hu tshi katelwa na maṅwalwa a sialala. Ho dovhiwa ha themendelwa uri vha muvhuso vha fanela u ṱuṱuwedza uri nyambo dzoṱhe dzi dzhiiwe dzi tshi eḓana, nahone dzi dovhe dzi funzwe nga nḓila ya u eḓana zwikoloni; maṅwalwa a sialala na one a katelwe kha kharikhulamu. Izwi zwi ḓo ita uri mirafho yo fhambanaho kha ḽa Zimbabwe i ḓivhe mvelele na vhunṋe zwayo.Orature is unwritten literature which most African ethnic groups have used for time immemorial to express their culture and identity. This study explored the use of Vhavenḓa’s genres of orature to express their culture and identity in Zimbabwe. It is important because the effects of the colonial and post-colonial periods left most African ethnic groups without their culture and identity.
The Vhavenḓa genres of orature, i.e indigenous songs and dance, proverbs and idioms were examined in expressing culture and identity. The study employed the qualitative research methodology. Research questionnaires and interviews as well as observation for data-gathering and analysis were the major sources of information. The two main theoretical frames guiding the study are Cultural Relativism and Cultural Determinism. These theories were very much relevant in approaching the Vhavenḓa social life which embraces their culture and identity.
The research findings were that most Vhavenḓa in Beitbridge district, Zimbabwe do not use orature such as proverbs and idioms in their day-to-day language. The youth have little knowledge on such genres of orature such as traditional songs and dance, and proverbs and idioms. In most schools, orature is not given much attention as compared to other subjects in the school curriculum. Most people seemed not to be interested in the indigenous songs and dances. Moreover, some of the Vhavenḓa in Beitbridge, mostly the youth, look down upon their language and prefer the languages of the majority ethnic groups. In addition, the Government contributed towards the minority languages receiving lower status, especially in the media as compared to other languages. Most of these minority languages spoken in the Southern border of Zimbabwe still have a lower status when compared to Ndebele and Tshishona.
The study recommended that the Vhavenḓa in Beitbridge, Zimbabwe, should be proud of their culture. The Government should view all Zimbabwean languages as equal. Orature should be taught effectively by teachers who are speakers of the language. The efficacy of teaching orature will facilitate the passing on of the knowledge from one generation to another and different generations in Zimbabwe will appreciate their culture and identity.D. Phil. (Languages, Linguistics and Literature)Linguistics and Modern Language
Evaluating South Africa's child-support grant policy : the case of beneficiaries in Mamelodi concerning grant value and basic needs
No full textBibliography: leaves 145-160The main objective of this study was to conduct an outcomes-based evaluation on the child-support grant (CSG) policy in South Africa from when it was implemented in 1998 until the present. The sub-objectives of the research study were to determine whether the child-support grant alleviated child poverty, to identify the difference or the impact that the child-support grant had on the lives of beneficiaries and to investigate the challenges associated with the child-support grant.
To achieve the study’s objectives, the research was descriptive in nature and made use of a mixed methods research design, including administering an online survey to CSG caregivers who resided in a township called Mamelodi in the Gauteng Province, as well as interviewing key informants at the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) local office in Mamelodi. The primary data collected in the study was complemented by content analysis, including a literature review, annual reports, and government publications. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used when analysing the results from the survey and those from the interview were analysed using thematic analysis.
Following data collection and analysis, the study found that the CSG does in fact alleviate poverty. Furthermore, the study found that the CSG had positive effects on children’s health and their schooling. It was also found that the grant provided a sense of empowerment to women. However, the study also found that the grant was associated with challenges such as its inadequate value, discouraging caregivers from finding employment, contribution to childbearing, misuse of the grant and administrative and access issues.
One of the limitations to this study was a language barrier. Some of the participants did not understand some of the questions that were posed. This was evident in a few of the responses provided. Furthermore, the Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic presented another limitation in that physical contact was restricted by the government in order to promote social distancing; thus remote data-collection methods were considered. Lastly, the study was limited to the CSG beneficiaries who resided in Mamelodi, as well as SASSA staff employed at the local office in Mamelodi.
Finally, the implications of this study are that the administration of the child-support grant must be improved by SASSA in order to address administrative issues confronting both the beneficiaries as well as the SASSA staff. Furthermore, the study includes implications that the Social Assistance Act 13 of 2004 must be strengthened to provide for stricter sanctions on those who have been found to misuse the CSG. The study contributes to the body of knowledge within the sub-area of public policy in the discipline of public administration and management.M. A. (Public Administration)Public Administration and Managemen
The Impact of the Electric Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC) in Reducing Stress and Improving Battery Lifespan in a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) System
Get PDFThis paper investigates the effect of the electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) in reducing
stress and prolonging the battery lifespan in a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). A 65 F, 16.2 V
EDLC supercapacitor was connected in a laboratory experiment to produce its charge/discharge
profile at a constant current of 5 and 10 A. The EDLC’s Faranda or “two branch model” mathematical
parameters were extracted from the experimental charge/discharge profile. The extracted parameters
were used as inputs to design the Python/MATLAB/Simulink (PMS)-hybrid model of the EDLC.
The charge/discharge profiles of the simulated PMS model of the EDLC were then compared to the
charge/discharge profiles derived from the experimental setup of the EDLC and were found to match.
The PMS model of the EDLC was then used as a subcomponent in an HESS system modelled in
MATLAB/Simulink. Using constant load conditions, the battery’s voltage, current, power and state
of charge (SOC) were analyzed for a battery energy storage system (BESS) without a supercapacitor
and then compared to an HESS system with a supercapacitor in an experimental setup. This process
was repeated with the simulated PMS model of the EDLC in MATLAB/Simulink for HESS and
without the EDLC for BESS. Finally using a variable load in an experimental setup, the battery’s
voltage and current were analyzed for a BESS system and compared to an HESS system. All these
data show that, in an HESS system with a supercapacitor, there is less stress on the battery with a load
applied. This is indicated by the voltage and current values in an HESS system being consistently
more stable with respect to time as compared to the BESS system. As a result, in an HESS system, the
battery will have a longer lifespan.Electrical and Mining EngineeringUniversity of South Africa
Circuit Breaker Industries (CBI) Electric Low Voltage, Gauteng, South Africa Equipment: Supercapacito
Perceptions, awareness and health-seeking behaviour of women regarding cervical cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Get PDFBACKGROUND
Cervical cancer is a worldwide public health concern and most common cause of cancer related deaths in women. Whilst women in developed countries have shown an improved
uptake of screening with reduced mortality from the disease, the same cannot be reported
from less developed countries, as women are affected by the disease resulting in
increased mortality and even death; this may be attributed to lack of resources and poor
knowledge regarding the disease.
PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions, awareness and health-seeking
behaviour of women regarding cervical cancer in Nefas Silk Lafto Sub-city, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
METHODS
This study used a qualitative exploratory research design. Data collection occurred by
interviewing 17 women at Woreda 11 Health Centre in Nefas Silk Lafto Sub-City, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia, and analysed using qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS
Two main themes emerged, knowledge and perspective on cervical cancer and health
seeking and concerns about cervical cancer screening, with four categories each. The
categories under knowledge and perspectives on cervical cancer were (1) awareness of
cervical cancer, (2) symptoms pertaining to cervical cancer, (3) sources of information pertaining to cervical cancer and (4) women’s perspectives regarding cervical cancer. The categories under health seeking and concerns about cervical cancer screening were
(1) lack of awareness regarding cervical cancer, (2) perceptions regarding cervical
cancer, (3) timing and frequency and (4) promotion of cervical cancer screening.
CONCLUSION
This study found the majority of the participants lacked knowledge about cervical cancer
and screening, and that none of them had screened before. Most of the participants
reported media as their primary source of health information, with none mentioning
healthcare professionals as a source. These findings revealed there is a profound
awareness and knowledge gap regarding cervical cancer and screening among women
who participated in the study.M.P.H.Health Studie
Use of force by South African security services : a comparative critique
Get PDFOne of the most serious challenges facing South Africa currently is the high rate of violent crime as well as violent protests. The police are tasked and empowered by the Constitution as well as statutes to prevent, combat, investigate, cope with and control such criminal behaviour. However, as this research shows, some South African security forces violate the law by using excessive force on citizens they are bound to protect, and consequently, bringing themselves, the law, and the state into disrepute. Chapter 5 of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 empowers an arrestor to use force in order to effect arrest in terms of section 49. There are police officials who abuse these powers, but it is argued that the functions of the police and other departments in the administration of justice would be crippled if no physical force could lawfully be used by the arresting officer in securing an arrest. This research proffers an analysis on the concept of the use of force in South Africa, as well as in international and foreign law, in order to guide arrestors as to when and how to apply the necessary and proportionate force in effecting an arrest. The constitutional validity of section 49 of the Criminal Procedure Act is scrutinised by means of a two-stage approach, and its limitation on the protection of life and on the administration of justice tested. Various case law dealing with the use of force are critically analysed. The use of force by private policing (private security) is furthermore examined as this flourishing industry currently outnumbers the public police force. Lastly, police brutality in South Africa and the United States is investigated, and examples of brutal policing incidents are discussed. After researching the adequacy and implications of the legal framework dealing with the use of deadly force by security officers and private individuals in effecting an arrest as well as police brutality in South Africa and comparing how excessive force by law enforcement officials is treated in jurisdictions such as the United States, the research offers several substantive recommendations in an attempt to resolve the research problem.LL. D.Criminal and Procedural La
The effectiveness of audit committees in the private sector
Get PDFAbstracts in English, Afrikaans and ZuluThe objective of this study was to develop a graphical and narrative framework to promote the overall effectiveness of audit committees in private sector companies in South Africa. Audit committees play an important role in promoting corporate governance principles and reducing fraud and irregularities through their monitoring and oversight function. The recent increase in corporate governance failures in South Africa suggested that audit committees may be experiencing problems in being effective. The research was motivated by several gaps in the literature, the main gap being the need to augment the requirements of the Companies Act and King IVTM, to promote more effective audit committees and better corporate governance.
This study adopted a post-positivist paradigm and a qualitative approach using two focus groups comprising 29 audit committee members and stakeholders to identify determinants of audit committee effectiveness, together with a literature review. Thirty-four affinities (themes) and 365 sub-affinities were identified. These were refined into 12 themes and six meta-themes using primary data from focus groups and the literature review. Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA) was used to analyse data into a hierarchy of drivers, a pivot, and outcomes. This formed the basis of a unique hierarchical three-tiered graphical framework reflecting 24 interrelationships among six meta-themes. Affinities, themes and meta-themes were defined, and a general definition of an effective audit committee was formulated. In the narrative framework, meta-themes were expressed as six principles comprising 12 themes, supported by 124 guidelines.
Although an inherent limitation of the research is that findings cannot necessarily be generalised to other countries, the role of audit committees is similar across the world, and South Africa is arguably a leader in the field of corporate governance.
This study is unique because it is the first to develop two interrelated frameworks of audit committee effectiveness for the private sector using focus groups and IQA. Findings are expected to be of significance to audit committee members and stakeholders, boards, management, internal auditors, external auditors, shareholders, legislators, the Institute of Directors, Institute of Internal Auditors, and the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants, and to provide guidelines to the international communityDie doelwit van hierdie studie was om ’n grafiese en narratiewe raamwerk te ontwikkel om die algehele doeltreffendheid van ouditkomitees in privaatsektormaatskappye in Suid-Afrika te bevorder. Ouditkomitees speel ’n belangrike rol om beginsels van korporatiewe beheer te bevorder en bedrog en onreëlmatighede te verminder deur die monitor- en toesigfunksie wat hulle verrig. Die onlangse toename in korporatiewe-beheer-mislukkings in Suid-Afrika het gedui op moontlike doeltreffendheidprobleme onder ouditkomitees. Die navorsing is aangewakker deur verskeie gapings in die literatuur, in die besonder die nodigheid om die voorskrifte van die Maatskappyewet en King IVTM uit te brei, om meer doeltreffende ouditkomitees en beter korporatiewe beheer te bevorder.
In hierdie studie is ’n post-positivistiese paradigma en ’n kwalitatiewe benadering gevolg deur twee fokusgroepe bestaande uit 29 ouditkomiteelede en belanghebbers te gebruik, tesame met ’n literatuuroorsig, om determinante van ouditkomiteedoeltreffendheid te identifiseer. Vier-en-dertig affiniteite (temas) en 365 sub-affiniteite is geïdentifiseer en dit is verfyn tot 12 temas en ses metatemas, met behulp van primêre data van fokusgroepe en die literatuuroorsig. Interaktiewe, kwalitatiewe ontleding bekend as Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA) is gebruik om data te ontleed in ’n hiërargie van aandrywers, ’n middelpunt, en uitkomste. Dit het die basis gevorm van ’n unieke hiërargiese drielaag- grafiese raamwerk wat 24 onderlinge verwantskappe tussen ses metatemas weerspieël. Affiniteite, temas en metatemas is omskryf, en ’n algemene definisie van ’n doeltreffende ouditkomitee is geformuleer. In die narratiewe raamwerk is metatemas uitgedruk as ses beginsels wat uit 12 temas bestaan en deur 124 riglyne ondersteun word.
Hoewel die navorsing die inherente beperking het dat bevindinge nie noodwendig na ander lande veralgemeen kan word nie, is die rol van ouditkomitees wêreldwyd soortgelyk. Suid-Afrika is stellig ’n voorloper op die gebied van korporatiewe beheer.
Hierdie studie is uniek omdat dit die eerste is om twee onderling verwante raamwerke van ouditkomiteedoeltreffendheid vir die privaat sektor te ontwikkel deur middel van fokusgroepe en IQA. Daar word verwag dat die bevindinge waardevol sal wees vir ouditkomiteelede en belanghebbers, rade, bestuur, interne ouditeure, eksterne ouditeure, aandeelhouers, wetgewers, die Instituut van Direkteure, die Instituut van Interne Ouditeure, en die Suid-Afrikaanse Instituut van Geoktrooieerde Rekenmeesters, en dat dit riglyne aan die internasionale gemeenskap sal verskafInhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukusungula uhlaka olunezithombe kanye nokulandisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwamakomiti ocwaningomabhuku ezimali ezinkampanini ezizimele eNingizimu Afrika. Amakomidi ocwaningomabhuku ezezimali adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni imigomo yokuphatha ngokubambisana kanye nokunciphisa ukukhwabanisa nokungahambi kahle ngomsebenzi wawo wokuqapha nokwengamela. Ukwenyuka kwakamuva kokwehluleka kokubusa kwebhizinisi eNingizimu Afrika kuphakamise ukuthi amakomiti abacwaningi mabhuku angase abe nezinkinga ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo. Ucwaningo lugqugquzelwe amagebe ambalwa emibhalweni, igebe elikhulu liyisidingo sokwengeza izidingo zoMthetho Wezinkampani kanye neKing IVTM, ukukhuthaza amakomiti abacwaningi mabhuku ezimali asebenza ngempumelelo kanye nokubusa okungcono kwebhizinisi.
Lolu cwaningo lwamukele iparadimu enzeke ngemuva eqhamile kanye nendlela esezingeni eliphezulu lapho kwabe kusetshenziswa amaqembu amabili okugxilwe kuwo anamalungu angama-29 wamakomiti abacwaningi mabhuku bezimali kanye nababambiqhaza ukuze kuhlonzwe izinkomba zokuphumelela kwekomidi lokucwaningwa kwamabhuku ezimali, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwemibhalo. Kuhlonzwe izinhlobo ezingamashumi amathathu nane (izindikimba) kanye nezincane ezingama-365. Lokhu kucwengisiswe kahle kwaba yizindikimba eziyi-12 kanye nezindikimba zemetha eziyisithupha kusetshenziswa idatha eyinhloko evela emaqenjini okugxilwe kuwo kanye nokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi. Ukuhlaziya Okuyikwalithi Okuhlangene (UOO) kwasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya idatha ibe isigaba sabaholi bayo, iphayivothi, kanye nemiphumela. Lokhu kwakha isisekelo sohlaka lwesithombe olunezigaba ezintathu oluhlukile olubonisa ukuhlobana okungama-24 phakathi kwezihloko zamametha ayisithupha. Ukuhambisana, izindikimba kanye nezihloko zemetha ziye zachazwa, futhi kwasungulwa nencazelo evamile yekomidi locwaningomabhuku lezimali elisebenza ngempumelelo. Ohlakeni lokulandisa, izihloko zamametha zavezwa njengezimiso eziyisithupha ezihlanganisa izingqikithi eziyi-12, ezisekelwa imihlahlandlela eyi-124. Nakuba umkhawulo okhona wocwaningo uwukuthi okutholiwe akukwazi ukwenzeka nakwamanye amazwe, indima yamakomiti abacwaningi mabhuku bezimali iyafana emhlabeni wonke, futhi iNingizimu Afrika ngokungangabazeki ingumholi emkhakheni wokuphatha ngokubambisana.
Lolu cwaningo luhlukile ngoba lungolokuqala ukwenza izinhlaka ezimbili ezihambisanayo zokusebenza kwekomidi locwaningomabhuku ezimali lomkhakha ozimele kusetshenziswa amaqembu okugxilwe kuwo kanye ne-UOO. Okutholakele kulindeleke ukuthi kube semqoka kumalungu ekomidi lokucwaninga amabhuku ezimali kanye nababambiqhaza, amabhodi, abaphathi, abacwaningi bamabhuku bezimali bangaphakathi, abacwaningi mabhuku bezinali bangaphandle, abanikazi bamasheya, abashayamthetho, Isikhungo Sabaqondisi, Isikhungo Sabahloli Bamabhuku Ezimali Bangaphakathi, kanye neSikhungo saseNingizimu Afrika Somgcinimabhuku Oqashiwe, kanye nokuhlinzeka. imihlahlandlela emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe.D. Phil. (Accounting Sciences)Auditin
Assessing the role of waste pickers at waste management facilities in Ehlanzeni distric municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
Get PDFSummaries in English, Swati and TsongaWaste management appears to be a global challenge across all nations. As a result, there is a dire need to ensure that waste is handled in a manner that does not negatively impact human health, or the environment in general, as stipulated in section 24 of the Constitution of South Africa 1996. The high rate of unemployment prompts individuals to venture into waste picking as a source of income. This study sought to assess the role of waste pickers at waste management facilities, specifically focusing on landfill sites, transfer stations and buy-back centres, and the constraints hindering effective waste collection by waste pickers in the Ehlanzeni District Municipality in South Africa, in particular. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using quantitative methods. A convenience sampling technique, with a sample size of 46 waste pickers and four supervisors, was applied in face-to-face structured interviews with field workers and self-administered closed-ended questionnaires. The quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 and Microsoft (MS) Excel 2021. The framework (in SPSS) within which to capture the collected data was prepared. After all the questionnaires had been entered into this software, the analysis of the frequencies of the data was run. The data output was exported to MS Excel version 2021, so that tables and statistics could easily be extracted. The qualitative data were analysed using Tesch analysis.
The results revealed that waste pickers played a significant role in waste management facilities by minimising waste through recycling. Ehlanzeni District Municipality has not sped up the process of aligning its policies with the national priorities in terms of formalising waste picking, resulting in a lack of support available to the waste pickers from the local municipalities. Most waste pickers do not have valid documentation for them to be included in the local municipalities database, and this also makes it difficult for the municipalities to provide the necessary support. Most respondents indicated that they performed the waste-picking activity to earn an income for their household responsibilities and dependants. Most waste pickers were interested in collecting plastic (50%) and polyethylene terephthalate (16%) waste. Lack of support from the municipalities, infrastructure and access to waste landfill sites was a concern for waste pickers.Kuphatfwa kwenkhukhuma (imfucuta) kubonakala kuyinsayeya yemhlaba kuto tonkhe tive. Ngesizatfu saloku, kunesidzingo lesikhulu sekucinisekisa kutsi inkhukhuma iphatfwa ngendlela lengatsintsi kabi imphilo yemuntfu, noma-ke imvelo/simondzawo ngebubanti baso, njengoba kushiwo eSigabeni se-24 seMtsetfosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika. Lizinga leliphakeme lekweswelakala kwemisebenti likhutsata bantfu kutsi bacale umsebenti wekugcogca inkhukhuma njengendlela yekutingenisela imali. Lolucwaningo beluhlose kuhlola indzima ledlalwa bagcogci benkhukhuma etindzaweni lekulahlwa kuto inkhukhuma, ikakhulukanti etindzaweni tekulahla inkhukhuma, titeshi tekwendlulisa kanye nasetindzaweni tekutsenga kabusha, kanye netinkinga letikhinyabeta kugcogcwa kwenkhukhuma ngemphumelelo kwalabo labagcogca inkhukhuma kuSigodzi sase-Ehlanzeni eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukati.
Lolucwaningo loluchazako, lolwentiwe kubantfu labanyenti labahlukene kusetjentiswa tindlela tebunyenti. Indlela lelula yekwenta isampuli, isampuli yebagcogci benkhukhuma labange-46 nabosuphavayiza la-4, yafakwa kuluhlolokhono loluhlelekile lwekubonana buso nebuso nebagcogci bemininingwane kanye neluhlumibuto yekutibuta levalekile. Imininingwane yebunyenti yahlatiywa kusetjentiswa Iphakheji Yetibalobalo yeSayensi Yetenhlalakahle (i-SPSS) yeluhlobo lwe-26.0 kanye ne-Microsoft Excel 2021.
Kwahlelwa luhlakamsebenti (ku-SPSS) lwekubamba lemininingwane legcogciwe. Ngemuva kwekungeniswa kwato tonkhe tinhlumibuto kusofthiwe, kwabese kwentiwa luhlatiyo lwemahlandla emininingwane. Imiphumela yemininingwane yendluliselwa ku-Microsoft Excel 2021, kute kutsi kuhlungwe kalula emathebuli netibalobalo. Imininingwane yalokungukona lucobo yahlatiwa ngesikhatsi seLuhlatiyo lwe-Tesch.
Imiphumela yakhombisa kutsi bagcogci benkhukhuma badlala indzima lebalulekile ekuphatfweni kwetindzawo tenkhukhuma ngekutsi banciphisa inkhukhuma ngekuyenta umkhicito lomusha. Masipala weSgodzi sase-Ehlanzeni akalusheshisi luhlelo lwekwenta tinchubomgomo tabo netintfo lekufanele kucalwe ngato kwentiwa tavelonkhe kutsi tihambisane nemibandzela ekugcogcwa kwenkhukhuma kutsi kube ngulokuhlelekile, lokubangele kweswelakala kwekwesekelwa kwebagcogci hi nseketelo lowu lavekaka. Vaanguri vanyingi eka ndzavisiso va kombise leswo va endla nghingiriko wa ku rholela mathyaka ku kuma mali yo hlayisa mindzeni ya vona na vanhu lava va va wundlaku. Vunyingi bya varholeri va mathyaka va tsakela ku rholela tiplastiki (50%, na mathyaka ya polyethylene terephthalate (16%). Nkala nseketelo wa vamasipala, infrastrakchara na ku fikelela ti-landfill site i swilo leswi swi karhataku varholeri va mathyaka.Vulawuri bya mathyaka byi vonaka byi ri ntlhontlho eka misava hinkwayo na le ka tinxaka hinkwato. Hikokwalaho ka sweswo, ku na xilaveko xikulukumba xa ku tiyisa leswo mathyaka ya khomiwa hi ndlela leyi nga ri ku na switandzhaku swo biha eka rihanyu ra vanhu, kumbe eka mbangu hi ku nava, tanihilaha swi nga vekiwa eka Xiyenge 24 xa Vumbiwa ra Afrika Dzonga. Ku kala ka mitirho swi endla leswo vanhu va nghenela eka ku rholela mathyaka tanihi ndlela yo kuma mali. Ndzavisiso lowu wu kambela ndzima ya varholeli va mathyaka eka tifasiliti ta vulawuri bya mathyaka, ngopfu ngopfu hi ku landzelela tisayiti ta tindhawu to lahla mathyaka ku nga ti landfill, switici swa ku hundzisa mathyaka, na tisenthara to xava nakambe, na leswi vahlengeleti va mathyaka va hlanganaku na swona eka Masipala wa le EHlanzeni District eAfrika Dzonga ngopfu ngopfu. Ndzavisiso wu tirhise timethodi ta descriptive, cross-sectional na quantitative. Ku tekiwile sampuli ya thekniki ya convenience sampling, hi sampuli ya varholeli va mathyaka va 46 xikan'we na vasuphavhayisara va 4, hi ku endla ti-structured interview ta ku hlangana xikandza-na-xikandza na vatirhi va le tindhawini to tirhela xikan'we na nongonoko wa swivutiso leswi tsariweke swa close-ended questionnaire leswi vanhu a va tihlamulela swona. Ku xopaxopiwile quantitative data hi ku tirhisa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 and Microsoft Excel 2021. Rimba (hi SPSS) leri ku nga hlengeletiwa hi rona vutivi ri lulamisiwile. Endzhaku ka loko nongonoko wa swivutiso hinkwawo wu nghenisiwile eka software, vuxopaxopi bya frikhwensi ya vutivi byi endliwile. Leswi nga kumeka hi vutivi swi nghenisiwile eka Microsoft Excel version 2021, leswo tithebuli na statistiki swi ta humesiwa. Ku xopaxopiwile vutivi bya qualitative hi ku tirhisa Tesch Analysis.
Vuyelo byi kombise leswo varholeri va mathyaka va tlanga ndzima ya nkoka eka tifasiliti ta vulawuri bya mathyaka hi ku hunguta mathyaka no endla leswo swilo swi tlhela swi tirhisiwa nakambe (recycling). Masipala wa le Ehlanzeni District kambe yena a nga si hlanganisa tipholisi ta yena na swilo leswi faneleke swi vekiwa emahlweni hi ku landza ku rholeriwa ka mathyaka, leswi nga na vuyelo bya ku kala ku seketeriwa ka varholeri va mathyaka eka vamasipala. Vunyingi bya varholeri va mathyaka a va na tidokumende leti faneleke leswo va ta katsiwa eka database ya masipala wa ndhawu, na swona leswi swi endla leswo swi nonon'hwa eka vamasipala ku nyiketa hi nseketelo lowu lavekaka. Vaanguri vanyingi eka ndzavisiso va kombise leswo va endla nghingiriko wa ku rholela mathyaka ku kuma mali yo hlayisa mindzeni ya vona na vanhu lava va va wundlaku. Vunyingi bya varholeri va mathyaka va tsakela ku rholela tiplastiki (50%, na mathyaka ya polyethylene terephthalate (16%). Nkala nseketelo wa vamasipala, infrastrakchara na ku fikelela ti-landfill site i swilo leswi swi karhataku varholeri va mathyaka.M.Sc. (Environmental Management)Environmental Science
Framework for Governance of personal identification information in Mozambique
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to develop a framework for the governance of personal identification information in order to support public-sector service delivery. This study used a positivist epistemology, but it is also founded on realism as an objective reality ontology. This quantitative multimethod study used a survey research design with a questionnaire as the main quantitative data collection tool. A total of 177 questionnaires were returned to the researcher out of the 247 distributed to 18 public government agencies. The study found that physical security measures, such as those applied to facilities, technical access controls, and employee training, were not covered by the personal information framework. In Mozambique, the Civil Personal Identification Information Code Act does not comply with security, storage, access, and disposal issues, as well as the legislative framework on records and archives management. Furthermore, in Mozambique, provincial public government agencies did not establish records appraisal committees for personal identification records. Therefore, untrained staff do not seek permission from the archivist for transfer and destruction processes carried out that do not comply with the current Records and Archives Management Act No. 84/2018 of 2018 (Moçambique, 2018:5). The current legislative framework does not address the management of all digital data and related systems within government bodies. Mozambique's public government agencies for personal identification information have yet to develop an appropriate framework for the governance of personal identification information. In the hope of improving service delivery, this study proposes a framework for the governance of personal identification information in Mozambique. Mozambique's government agencies should implement effective security measures. They should also develop appropriate record storage systems to ensure that records are available when requested, implement existing disposal strategies, and update existing legislative frameworks for electronic or digital records management. Further research into the assessment of online personal identification record services in Mozambique is required.Information Scienc