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Developing a framework to address the underrepresentation of black citizens in the chartered accountancy profession: case of South Africa
No full textLittle is known about the lived experiences of Black aspirants journeying the pathway to becoming Chartered Accountants in South Africa. Democracy brought with it the promise of equal and unrestricted access to the profession for all citizens. However, almost 30 years into democracy the demographics of the chartered accountancy profession show Black Africans, who make up the majority in the country, as the least represented population group. The persistent underrepresentation over this prolonged period has placed the transformation imperative at the forefront of the government’s national development goals. The profession itself has also undertaken various interventions to address the underrepresentation. However, scientific studies exploring the slow transformation, are limited. This study was therefore positioned to investigate the persistent low representation of Black citizens in the chartered accountancy profession in South Africa.
Through the lens of the theory of social closure, the researcher explored the experiences of 21 recently fully qualified Black CAs. A phenomenological design was adopted to explore and describe these lived experiences when navigating through the pathway. The researcher relied on semi-structured interviews (oral history) to extract thick and rich reflections of the participants’ complex experiences. The competencies that aspirants were required to demonstrate to advance to certification were analysed, with specific focus given to barriers frustrating progress and why Black aspirants particularly are adversely affected by them. Thematically analysing the data, the researcher found that the experiences were underpinned by the participants’ academic and socio-economic backgrounds and the influence of these backgrounds on the pathway; the existence of both supportive and destructive communities and their contributions to the experiences; as well as the participants’ personal values, attitudes and beliefs. Overall, the findings show that although Black aspirant CAs are engaged in a professional endeavour, their experience within the profession is underpinned by their socio-economic realities, rendering the journey a traumatic experience. This analysis contributed to development of a transformative guide that can inform inclusive curriculum development and training requirements that will result in an accelerated increase in Black citizens qualifying as CAs.D. Phil. (Accounting Sciences)College of Accounting Science
Evaluation of the implementation of the national policy for school health in Namibia
No full textBackground: A school health policy is intended to improve learners’ quality of life; however, three challenges are faced in the policy implementation: i) low coverage of health assessments; (ii) poor and inequitable nurse-to-school ratios; and (iii) the lack of data collection.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the national policy for school health in Namibia with the view of proposing a framework to strengthen the national school health policy (NSHP).
Setting and population: The study was conducted in three regions of Namibia. The population from which the study’s sample was derived comprised school principals, primary healthcare supervisors and NSHP national and regional managers in the Khomas, Oshana and Kavango regions of Namibia.
Methods: A sequential, exploratory mixed-methods design was used for this study to evaluate the NSHP’s implementation across management levels, schools and health facilities in the country. A purposive sampling method was used to select participants for interviews and focus group discussions in the qualitative strand. Non-probability convenience sampling was used to select respondents for the quantitative strand’s structured questionnaires. Quantitative data from completed structured questionnaires (n=300) were analysed using SPSS. Thematic analysis was used to derive themes and subthemes from the qualitative data.
Results: Qualitative findings indicated a lack of skilled staff, training, equipment and recordkeeping as factors contributing to non-compliances with the NSHP’s implementation. These findings were further described statistically by the quantitative results. The quantitative results indicated a correlation between job position and work experience in the policy’s implementation. This was revealed by the study findings that managers at the national level (n=66; 100%), had sufficient knowledge and better attitudes towards the NSHP. Also, employees with more than 10 years of experience (n=114; 60.3%) had good knowledge of the policy (variation). The findings indicated poor implementation of NSHP interventions, thus assuming low compliance with Namibia’s NSHP. The results show that eighty-one (n=81; 71.1%) and (n=63; 52.5%) schoolteachers from urban and rural schools indicated negative attitudes toward school health policy implementation, respectively. The results indicate that nurses who conducted health programmes at the time were completely uninformed of the NSHP (n=102; 68%), had not implemented NSHP or had never even seen the policy document.
Development of conceptual framework: The qualitative and quantitative results and literature review contributed to the formulation of an NSHP implementation conceptual framework in Namibia. The framework consists of monitoring and evaluation strategies to enhance the school health policy’s implementation.
Conclusion: The study reflected a gap between policy knowledge, attitudes and implementation of the NSHP. Insufficient documentation of interventions led to poor reporting in the database system. Based on the findings, a framework was formulated to improve implementation and compliance with the NSHP.D. Phil. (Public Health)Health Studie
Women’s landownership under the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) : a case study of Seke District, Zimbabwe
Get PDFTitle and text in English, with abstract and keywords in English, Zulu and AfrikaansGlobally, women have less access to land and own less land than men. Women make up on average less than 20 per cent of the world’s landholders but make up an estimated 43 per cent of the agricultural labour force (Facio 2017). Despite their important role in agriculture and food security, women have limited access to land compared to men. The Zimbabwean Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP), like previous land reform programmes such as Land Reform and Resettlement Programmes 1 and 2, has fallen short in ensuring gender equity in land redistribution, affecting women’s livelihoods negatively. The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which the FTLRP has incorporated gender interests at policy level and in implementation practice by evaluating the provision made by the Inception Phase Framework Plan 1999–2000 and the Government Land Reform Policy Document of 2001 for women to access and own land in Zimbabwe. The study determined how the Inception Phase Framework Plan 1999–2000 and the Government Land Reform Policy Document of 2001 influence women’s access to and control and use of land under the FTLRP in Zimbabwe; explored the socioeconomic impact of the limitations that Zimbabwean customary law imposes on women's landownership under the FTLRP; and determined the extent to which the FTLRP makes provision for women to acquire land and derive livelihoods from it. A qualitative research approach was adopted for the study. Secondary data on gender and the FTLRP, such as government policy documents, and international and regional legal frameworks on women’s land rights, were used in the study. The data obtained in this way were complemented by field research undertaken in Seke District, Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe. Beneficiaries of the FTLRP at Dartmoor and Ellerdale farms and government officials involved in the land allocation process in Seke District were purposively selected as key informants in the study since they had information on how the FTLRP has been carried out and how women have accessed land in the district. A total of thirty participants from Dartmoor and Ellerdale farms, one government official of the Ministry of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement (Department of Lands) and one Agricultural Research Extension officer (AREX) officer from the Crop and Livestock Department were selected for interviews. The findings revealed that the FTLRP does not have a gender policy. The main policy focus of the FTLRP is equitable land redistribution between races; gender is not prioritised. It is recommended that the Zimbabwean government adopt an inclusive development policy that will ensure gender mainstreaming in the land reform process to achieve meaningful and sustainable development. Legal policies on women’s landownership should be fully implemented.Emhlabeni jikelele, abesifazane banokufinyelela okunacane kumhlaba futhi banomhlaba omncane kunabesilisa. Abesifazane ngokwesilinganiso bangaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-20 abanikazi bomhlaba emhlabeni kodwa balinganiselwa kumaphesenti angama-43 abantu abasebenza kwezolimo. Ngaphezu kweqhaza labo elibalulekile kwezolimo kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla, abesifazane banokuncane ukufinyelela emhlabeni uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Uhlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba lwaseZimbabwean, njengezinhlelo zangaphambilini zokubuyiswa komhlaba ezifana nezinhlelo zokubuyiswa komhlaba kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlaliswa kabusha zoku-1 nezesi- 2, selwehlile ekuqinisekiseni ukulingana ngokobulili ekwabiweni kabusha komhlaba, okuthinta impilo yabesifazane kabi. Inhloso yocwaningo bekuwukuhlola ukuthi Uhlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba lifake kangakanani intshisekelo yobulili ezingeni lenqubomgomo nasekusetshenzisweni kokwenziwayo ngokuhlola ukuhlinzekwa okwenziwa Uhlelo Lokuqala Lohlaka Lwesigaba sonyaka we-1999–2000 kanye Nomqulu Kahulumeni Wokuguqulwa Komhlaba wonyaka wezi-2001 wabesifazane. ukufinyelela nokuba nobunikazi bomhlaba eZimbabwe. Ucwaningo lunqume ukuthi Uhlelo Lokuqala Lohlaka Lwesigaba sonyaka we-1999–2000 kanye Nomqulu Kahulumeni Wokuguqulwa Komhlaba wonyaka wezi-2001 zinethonya kanjani ekufinyeleleni nasekulawuleni nasekusetshenzisweni komhlaba ngaphansi koHlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba eZimbabwe; yahlola umthelela wenhlalakahle yezomnotho wemikhawulo ebekwa ngumthetho wesintu waseZimbabwe kubunikazi bomhlaba babesifazane ngaphansi koHlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba; futhi yanquma ukuthi Uhlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba yenza kangakanani ukuhlinzekela ukuthi abesifazane bathole umhlaba futhi bathole indlela yokuziphilisa kuwo. Kuye kwamukelwa indlela yocwaningo lwesimo kulesi sifundo. Iminingwane elandelayo engeyesibili yobulili noHlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba, efana nemibhalo yenqubomgomo kahulumeni, nezinhlaka zomthetho zamazwe ngamazwe nezesifunda ngamalungelo omhlaba wabesifazane, zisetshenziswe ocwaningweni. Imininingwane etholwe ngale ndlela ihambisane nocwaningo olwenziwe esiFundeni iSeke, Empumalanga neMashonaland, eZimbabwe. Abahlomuli boHlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba emapulazini ase-Dartmoor nase-Ellerdale kanye nezikhulu zikahulumeni ezibambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokwabiwa komhlaba esiFundeni saseSeke baqokwe ngenhloso njengabanolwazi olubalulekile ocwaningweni njengoba babenolwazi lokuthi Uhlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba yenziwe kanjani nokuthi abesifazane bawuthole kanjani umhlaba kuyisifunda. Isamba sababambiqhaza abangamashumi amathathu abavela emapulazini ase-Dartmoor nase-Ellerdale, isikhulu sikahulumeni esisodwa soMnyango Wezemihlaba, EzoLimo Nokuhlaliswa Kabusha Kwezindawo Zasemakhaya (uMnyango Wezemihlaba) kanye nesikhulu esisodwa seSandiso Socwaningo Lwezolimo soMnyango Wezitshalo Nemfuyo bakhethelwe inhlolokhono. Okutholakele kuveze ukuthi Uhlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba alinawo umgomo wobulili. Okugxilwe kakhulu kwenqubomgomo yoHlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba ukwabiwa kabusha komhlaba ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezinhlanga; ubulili abubekwa phambili. Kunconywa ukuthi uhulumenI weZimbabwe athathe umthetho wentuthuko ogoqela abantu ozaqinisekisa ukuthi ubulili buqakathekiswa kuhlelo lokubuyiswa komhlaba ukuze kube nentuthuko ezwakalayo njalo futhi eqhubekayo. Izinqubomgomo zomthetho mayelana nokuba nomhlaba kwabesifazane kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokugcwele.Vroue wêreldwyd het minder toegang tot grond en besit minder grond in vergelyking met mans. Vroue maak gemiddeld minder as 20 persent van die wêreld se grondeienaars uit, maar vorm na raming 43 persent van die landbou-arbeidsmag. Ten spyte van die belangrike rol wat hulle in landbou en voedselsekerheid speel, het vroue beperkte toegang tot grond, vergeleke met mans. Net soos vorige grondhervormingsprogramme soos die sogenaamde Land Reform and Resettlement Programmes (1 and 2), het die Zimbabwean Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) nie aan die vereistes voldoen om geslagsgelykheid ten opsigte van die herverdeling van grond te verseker nie, en dit het ’n negatiewe uitwerking op vroue se bestaan gehad.
Die oogmerk van hierdie studie was om te bepaal in watter mate die FTLRP geslagsbelange op beleidsvlak en in implementeringspraktyk geïnkorporeer het, deur die bepaling te evalueer wat deur die Inception Phase Framework Plan 1999–2000 en die Government Land Reform Policy Document of 2001 daargestel is sodat vroue grond in Zimbabwe kan bekom en kan besit. Die studie het bepaal hoe die Inception Phase Framework Plan 1999–2000 en die Government Land Reform Policy Document of 2001 vroue se toegang tot grond en hul beheer oor en gebruik van grond onder die FTLRP in Zimbabwe beïnvloed. Verder het die studie die sosio-ekonomiese impak van die beperkings wat Zimbabwe se gewoontereg op vroue se grondbesit onder die FTLRP plaas, ondersoek; en die mate bepaal waarin die FTLRP voorsiening maak vir vroue om grond te bekom en ’n bestaan daaruit te maak. ’n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is tydens die studie gevolg. Sekondêre data oor geslag en die FTLRP, soos regeringsbeleidsdokumente, en internasionale sowel as streekswetsraamwerke oor vroue se grondregte, is in die studie gebruik. Die data wat op hierdie wyse bekom is, is aangevul deur veldnavorsing wat onderneem is in die Seke-distrik, Mashonaland-Oos, Zimbabwe. Voordeeltrekkers van die FTLRP op die Dartmoor- en Ellerdale-plase, sowel as staatsamptenare wat by die grondtoewysingsproses in die Seke-distrik betrokke is, is doelbewus gekies as sleutelinformante in die studie, omdat hulle oor inligting beskik het van hoe die FTLRP uitgevoer is en hoe vroue grond in die distrik verkry het. Altesaam dertig deelnemers van die Dartmoor- en Ellerdale-plase, een staatsamptenaar van die Ministerie van Grond, Landbou en Landelike Hervestiging (Departement van Grond) en een Agricultural Research Extension (AREX)-beampte van die Gewasse- en Lewendehawe-departement is vir onderhoude gekies. Die bevindinge het getoon dat die FTLRP nie ’n geslagsbeleid het nie. Die vernaamste beleidsfokus van die FTLRP is regverdige herverdeling van grond tussen rasse; geslag geniet nie voorkeur nie. Daar word aanbeveel dat die Zimbabwiese regering ’n inklusiewe ontwikkelingsbeleid volg, wat die hoofstroming van geslag in die grondhervormingsproses sal verseker, ten einde betekenisvolle en volhoubare ontwikkeling te bewerkstellig. Wetsbeleide oor vroue se grondbesit moet ten volle geïmplementeer word.M.A. (Development Studies)Development Studie
Multilingual Glossaries for Applied Linguistics: English, Afrikaans, isiZulu, Setswana, and Xitsonga
No full textThese glossaries provide the meanings of terminology for the postgraduate course, Honours in Applied Linguistics, in the Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages (University of South Africa). The terminologies are used in the following modules: HAPL481, HAPL482, HAPL483 and HAPL484.Linguistics and Modern Language
An evaluation of closed-circuit television surveillance as a crime prevention measure in Windhoek, Namibia
Get PDFThe aim of this research study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CCTV surveillance system and measure the benefits it provides to residents of Windhoek. CCTV is a security control measure which is used by law enforcement bodies to detect and reduce crime. Although crime such as theft out of motor vehicles, ATM fraud, cellphone/bag snatching and robbery were reported to have been reduced in some parts of Windhoek after the system was installed, public perceptions towards the system remained worrisome. The study followed a qualitative method in collecting and analyzing data from various sources. Due to limited coverage of CCTV cameras in Windhoek, the researcher chose a non-probability sampling, targeting residents that are familiar with the system. The researcher assessed strategies and approaches applied by the police and private security companies when making use of CCTV to combating crime.M.A. (Security Management)Criminology and Security Scienc
The development and implementation of the sustainable intervention strategy for solid waste management in primary schools : a case of Nkangala District, Mpumalanga province
No full textText in English, abstract in English, Zulu and XhosaThe aim was to develop and implement a sustainable intervention strategy for solid waste management. From anecdotal evidence, some schools in Nkangala district across different circuits would be polluted with solid waste, and teaching and learning would continue to take place with no concerns about any environmental issues. This was a clear indication that there were minimal or no solid waste management practices put in place that were sustainable and could serve as a guideline to manage the amount of solid waste generated. I adopted a qualitative interpretative multiple case study design embedded within social constructivism. My study took place in three primary schools under the Kwaggafontein East circuit and Tweefontein South Circuit in Nkangala district, Mpumalanga province in South Africa. School principals, school governing body chairpersons, general workers, food handlers, intermediate phase teachers, and learners in the intermediate phase were purposefully sampled. Data was collected through observations, semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews and a diary. This data shaped the strategy that involved partnerships in primary schools, called the sustainable intervention strategy for solid waste management through partnership (SISS-WMP). A typology approach was used to analyze the data. Based on the findings, I can infer that some participants did not have an adequate understanding of concepts such as the environment, solid waste, and solid waste management. It is recommended that workshops be facilitated in order to educate these participants about what environment, solid waste and solid waste management mean. So that they can have an understanding, knowledge, and skillset as this will assist them to appreciate solid waste management and environmental education. Enormous amounts of solid waste were generated through day-to-day activities, which was disposed inappropriately. It is recommended that the SISS-WMP be implemented for a longer period as the implementation was for a short period of time. Furthermore, studies can be conducted in different contexts such as further education and training bands, circuits, districts, provincially and in different countries across the world, as the results from these different environments could assist in fine-tuning the SISS-WMP.Ihloso yerhubhululo leli bekukuthuthukisa iqhinga elinzinzileko lokulawuleka kweenzibi. Ngokwethulwa kobufakazi obukhona, ezinye iinkolo ezingaphasi kweNkangala distrigi ukuya kwamasekethe ahlukahlukeneko zizokusilaphazeka ngeenzibi, begodu ukufunda nokufundisa kuzokuragela phambili ngaphandle kokukhathalela iindaba zebhoduluko. Lokhu bekuyikomba yokobana ayimvelakancani namkha awekho amahlelo wokukulawulwa kweenzibi anzinzileko angabamhlahlandlela wokulawula inani leenzibi ezikhona. Ngithethe isifundo se-qualitative interpretative multiple case study design esibekiswe ngaphakathi kwe-social constructivism. Isifundo sami senzeke eenkolweni ezintathu zamabanga aphasi ezingaphasi kwesekethe yeKwaggafontein East neTweefontein South eNkangala district, esifundeni seMpumalanga eSewula Afrika. Abotitjherehloko, abosihlalo behlangano ejamela ababelethi, abasebenzi abasiza eenkolweni, abaphekako, abafundi nabotitjhere bamabanga aphasi bebakhethwe ngehloso yokusampula. Imininingwana beyibuthelelwa ngokubona namkha ukuqala, ukuhlungwa nokuhlungwa ngeenqhema nedayari. Lokhu kubumbe iqhinga elinganisa ukubambisana kweenkolo zamabanga aphasi eliliHlelo lokuLamula eliNzinzileko lokuLawuleka kweeNzibi ngokubambisana (SISS-WMP) lathonywa belaphumeleliswa ngokwehlelo elibekiweko. Kusetjenziswe indlela yethayipholoji ukubuthelela imininingwana. Ngemininingwana etholakeleko, ngingarhonona bonyana abanye abahlanganyeli abazwisisi ngokulingeneko ngebhoduluko, iinzibi, nokulawuleka kweenzibi. Kuphakanyisiwe bona kubenesifundobandulo esizokufundisa abahlanganyeli mayelana nokulawulwa kweenzibi ukuze bakghone ukuzwisisa, babenelwazi nekghono elizobasiza bamukele ukulawulwa kweenzibi nefundo yebhoduluko. Likulu inani leenzibi ebelibuthelelwa ngemisebenzi yangamalanga, ebelingalahlwa eendaweni ezifaneleko. Kuphakanyisiwe bona ihlelo le-SSIP-WMP liphunyeleliswe isikhathi eside ukuze ngikghone ukubona imiphumela efaneleko njengoba belibanjwe isikhatjhana. Kuphakanyisiswe bona irhubhululo yenziwe eendaweni ezahlukahlukeneko, njengemazikweni aphezulu wezefundo, amasekethi, amadistrigi, eemfundeni kanye nemazweni ahlukahlukeneko ephasini mazombe, njengoba imiphumela yeembhoduluko ezahlukahlukeneko ingasiza ukuthuthukisa ihlelo le-SISS-WMP.Injongo yayikukuphuhlisa nokuphumeza isicwangciso songenelelo esizinzileyo kulawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo. Ngokusuka kubungqina obungantsonkothanga, ezinye izikolo kwisithili saseNkangala kwiisekethe ezahlukeneyo ziya kungcoliswa yinkunkuma eqinileyo, kwaye ukufundisa nokufunda kuya kuqhubeka kuqhutywa kungekho nkxalabo malunga nayo nayiphi na imiba yokusingqongileyo. Oku bekukho isalathisi esicacileyo sokuba bekukho iindlela zolawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo ezingephi okanye azikho ezizinzileyo nezinokuthi zibe sisikhokelo sokulawula ubungakanani benkunkuma eqinileyo eveliswayo. Ndaye ndamkela uyilo lokutolika olusemgangathweni lwesifundo sesifundo esizinziswe kunxibelelwano lwentlalo. Ufundo lwam lwenzeka kwizikolo zamabanga aphantsi ezithathu eziphantsi kwesekethe yaseKwaggafontein East kunye neSekethe yaseTweefontein South kwisithili saseNkangala, kwiphondo laseMpumalanga eMzantsi Afrika. Iinqununu zezikolo, oosihlalo bamabhunga olawulo ezikolo, abasebenzi ngokubanzi, abaphatha ukutya, ootitshala besigaba esiphakathi, nabafundi besigaba esiphakathi baye bathathwa njengesampula ngenjongo. Idatha yaqokelelwa ngokuqwalaselwa, udliwano-ndlebe olulungelelanisiweyo, udliwano-ndlebe lwamaqela ekugxilwe kuwo kunye nedayari. Le datha yakha isicwangciso esibandakanya intsebenziswano kwizikolo zaseprayimari, esibizwa ngokuba sisicwangciso songenelelo ngoncedo oluzinzileyo kulawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo ngentsebenziswano (SISS-WMP). Indlela yokuchwetheza yasetyenziswa ukuhlalutya idatha. Ngokusekwe kwiziphumo, ndingatsho ukuba abanye abathathi-nxaxheba khange babe nokuqonda okwaneleyo kweengqikelelo ezifana nokusingqongileyo, inkunkuma eqinileyo, kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo. Kucetyiswa ukuba kuququzelelwe iindibano zocweyo ukuze kufundiswe aba bathathi-nxaxheba malunga nokusingqongileyo, inkunkuma eqinileyo kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo. Ukuze babe nokuqonda, ulwazi, kunye nesakhono njengoko oku kuya kubanceda ukuba baxabise ulawulo lwenkunkuma oluluqilima kunye nemfundo yokusingqongileyo. Izixa ezikhulu zenkunkuma eqinileyo zenziwe ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, ethe yalahlwa ngendlela engafanelekanga. Kucetyiswa ukuba i-SISS-WMP iphunyezwe ixesha elide njengoko ukuphunyezwa bekulithuba elifutshane. Ngaphaya koko, izifundo zinokuqhutywa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngemfundo ethe kratya kunye namabhendi oqeqesho, iisekethe, izithili, kwiphondo nakumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela, njengoko iziphumo ezisuka kwezi meko zahlukeneyo zinokuncedisa ekulungiseni kakuhle i-SISS-WMP.Ph. D. (Environmental Education)Science and Technology Educatio
Effectiveness of the public service disciplinary framework for the Department of Public Service and Administration
Get PDFThe public service takes too long to finalise disciplinary cases despite measures in place to ensure that a period of three months would suffice to conclude any disciplinary case. The Department of Public Service and Administration (DPSA), as the custodian of the disciplinary norms and standards of the state, has been used as case study for the research reported here. Disciplinary management is an indicator in the performance agreement of the Minister for Public Service and Administration (MPSA).
The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of disciplinary management in the DPSA. The findings generally revealed non-compliance with the disciplinary framework as disciplinary cases are not finalised within the prescribed timeframe. The research findings were informed by a qualitative thematic analysis and a quantitative analysis. The population consisted of DPSA staff. 121 employees including 12 managers were interviewed, which met the research requirement.
The recommendations are that the DPSA should comply with the disciplinary framework; train managers to monitor and evaluate employee conduct; introduce a periodic review of the disciplinary framework; refer cases of interference with disciplinary management to the Public Service Commission; review the reporting lines for the labour relations unit; institutionalise delegations of authority; develop the consequence management policy,; conduct training and raise employee awareness; finalise investigations within 14 days; initiate advocacy and awareness campaigns; introduce a team of employer representatives; and ensure proper interpretation and application of the disciplinary framework.
Based on this study, a disciplinary management model was developed to resolve the challenges of disciplinary management in the DPSA. The model focuses on the review of discipline management practices; implementation monitoring; and the effectiveness of the disciplinary framework.Public Administration and Managemen
An analysis of the representation of women in Forbes Africa and Business Day
Get PDFAbstracts in English, Afrikaans and ZuluThis study aims to analyse the representations of women in business media through the identification of media discourses and underlying meanings in visual images. Prior research studies have indicated that there is minimal representation of women in news, and in particular business news. However, there is limited research that examines how women are depicted in business news. This study builds on the premise that the media is an influential platform that shapes perceptions and opinions, and is thus viewed as a site for the dissemination of ideology. The continuous examination of women’s portrayal is imperative for the empowerment, advancement and participation of women in economic related matters. The study’s theoretical foundations are gender studies and theories of representation. The research design for this study is cross-sectional, descriptive, and uses an interpretive paradigm that is analysed through qualitative methodology. Data is collected from two national English business publications, Forbes Africa and Business Day. The type of sampling applied in this study is non-probability sampling and the units of analysis are selected articles and images published in five editions of Forbes Africa 2020 and selected articles and images over a period of three months in Business Day 2020. The selection criteria for sampling the units of analysis are visual images and text that make reference to women, such as words: ‘woman’, ‘women’, ‘female’, ‘she’, ‘her’ or an indication that the text or image pertains or makes reference to women or a female figure. The researcher adopts Barthian semiotics and Foucauldian discourse analysis as the analytical frameworks, as these methodologies relate to an ontological system of belief that everyday life is socially created. The research contributes to the analysis of media text and the representation of women by providing a fine-grained analysis of the discursive construction of women.Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verteenwoordiging van vroue in die sakemedia te ontleed deur die identifikasie van mediadiskoerse en onderliggende betekenisse van visuele beelde. Vorige navorsingstudies het aangedui die verteenwoordiging van vroue in nuus minimaal is, veral in sakenuus. Navorsing wat ondersoek instel na hoe vroue in sakenuus uitgebeeld word, is egter beperk. Hierdie studie is gegrond op die beskouing dat die media ’n invloedryke platform is wat persepsies en menings beïnvloed en derhalwe as ’n sentrum vir die disseminasie van ideologie beskou kan word. Om deurlopend ondersoek in te stel na hoe vroue uitgebeeld word, is noodsaaklik vir die bemagtiging, vooruitgang en deelneming van vroue aan ekonomiese aangeleenthede. Die studie se teoretiese grondbeginsels is gebaseer op genderstudies en -teorieë van verteenwoordiging. Die navorsingsontwerp van hierdie studie was deursnee- en beskrywende ontwerp en is op ’n vertolkende paradigma gegrond wat deur middel van ’n kwalitatiewe metodologie ontleed is. Data is uit twee nasionale Engelse sakepublikasies, Forbes Africa en Business Day ingesamel. Nie-waarskynlikheidsteekproefneming is in die studie toegepas. Die ontledingseenhede was geselekteerde artikels en uitbeeldings wat in 2020 in vyf uitgawes van Forbes Africa gepubliseer is en geselekteerde uitbeeldings wat in 2020 oor ’n tydperk van drie maande in Business Day gepubliseer is. Die seleksiekriteria vir steekproefneming van die ontledingseenhede was verwysings na vroue deur middel van woorde soos “vrou” (woman), “vroue” (women), “vroulik of vroulike persoon” (female), “sy” (she) en “haar” (her) in visuele beelde en tekste, of aanwysings dat tekste of uitbeeldings betrekking het op of verwys na vroue of vroulike figure. Die navorser het Barthiaanse semiotiek en Foucauldiaanse gespreksontleding as analitiese raamwerke gebruik omdat hierdie metodologieë verband hou met ’n ontologiese geloofstelsel ten opsigte waarvan die alledaagse lewe op ’n sosiale wyse geskep word. Die navorsing dra by tot die ontleding van mediatekste en die verteenwoordiging van vroue deur ’n fyn ontleding van die diskursiewe konstruksie van vroue.Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlaziya ukumelwa kwabesimame kumabhizinisi kwimidiya (kwabezindaba) ngokubheka ama-discourse emidiya kanye nezincazelo ngemifanekiso yezithombe. Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lukhombise ukuthi kukhona abesimame abambalwa kwizindaba ikakhulukazi kwizindaba ngamabhizinisi. Kodwa, ucwaningo luncane kakhulu oluhlola ukuthi ngabe abesimame bakhonjiswa kanjani kwizindaba zamabhizinisi. Lolu cwaningo belenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisisa umthelela abezindaba abanawo ngendlela ababumba ngawo umqondo nemibono njengomkhakha wokusabalalisa i-idiyoloji. Ukuqhubekela phambili nokukhombisa abesimame kubalulekile ekubahlinzekeni ngamandla, inqubekelaphambili kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwabesimame ezindabeni zezomnotho. Isisekelo sethiyori yocwaningo kwakuyizifundo ngezobulili kanye namathiyori okumelwa kwabesimame. Idizayini yocwaningo ngalolu cwaningo kwakuyi-cross-sectional ne-descriptive, kanti ibihlelwe phansi kwe-interpretive paradigm, ehlaziywe ngokulandela imethodoloji ye-qualitative. Ulwazi luqokelelwe kubushicileli bukazwelonke besiNgisi, okuyi-Forbes Africa kanye ne-Business Day. Kusetshenziswe isampuli ye-non-probability kulolu cwaningo. Amayunithi ohlaziyo kwakungama-atikili akhethiwe kanye nezithombe ezishicilelwe kuma-edishini amahlanu e-Forbes Africa ngo 2020 kanye nama-atikili akhethwe nezithombe kushicilelo olwenziwe kwizinyanga ezintathu kwi-Business Day ngo 2020. Indlela yokukhetha amayunithi amasampuli ukuhlaziywa kwakungamareferense enziwa mayelana nabesimame ngamagama athi 'owesimame', 'abesimame', u-'she' no-'her' kwizithombe kanye nemibhalo, noma ukukhombisa ukuthi imibhalo noma imifanekiso iqondiswe kwabesimame noma abantu besimame. Umcwaningi usebenzise iBarthian semiotics kanye ne Foucauldian discourse analysis njengohlaka lokuhlaziya ngoba lama-methodoloji ahambisana ne-ontological system of belief lapho okwakhiwa khona impilo yabantu yansuku zonke. Ucwaningo luthela esivivaneni kuhlaziyo lwemibhalo yabezindaba kanye nokumelwa kwabesimame ngokwenza uhlaziyo olucoyisakele nge-discursive construction of women.M.A. (Communication Science)Communication Scienc
The converging influence of social, economic and psychological factors on public responsiveness to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa
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Background
This study assessed the influence of social, economic, and psychological factors on South African’s responsiveness to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the South African government responded quickly to manage the pandemic, the strict lockdown placed a significant burden on the population. Understanding the converging influence of social, economic, and psychological factors on the population’s responsiveness is important for improving people’s cooperation in controlling COVID-19 and for supporting individuals and communities during the ongoing and future pandemics.
Methods
Using data collected from a national telephonic survey (December 2020 to March 2021), we assessed whether selected social, economic and psychological factors were related to: 1) adoption of COVID-19 behavioural measures (hand hygiene, wearing of face masks, and physical distancing), and 2) adherence to government restrictions on movement.
Results
South Africans were highly responsive to the pandemic with respondents generally reporting that they very often engaged in the protective behaviours and often to very often adhered to government restriction on movement. However, those from the white population group; with a higher education; living in uncrowded households; who perceived less vulnerability to contracting COVID-19; supported the measures; trusted the scientists; thought the measures by government were implemented fairly and fairly enforced by the police; felt more anxious, sad, hopeless, isolated, angry or had trouble sleeping; inclined to engage in coping behaviour, were more likely to adopt COVID-19 protective behaviours. Furthermore, females, those with a lower education, those less likely to have experienced poverty since the beginning of lockdown; who perceived greater vulnerability to COVID-19, trusted government, and were more supportive of the behavioural measures were more likely to adhere to the restrictions of movement.
Conclusions
Strengthening the South African population’s responsiveness to the pandemic requires supporting those living in poor socioeconomic circumstances, promoting trust in the scientific evidence, and ensuring that the measures by government are perceived to be fairly implemented and fairly enforced by the police. Due to the impact on livelihoods, restrictions of movement should only be considered if necessary, and this will require trust and confidence in government and strategies to support those experiencing financial hardship
Analysis of informal traders’ knowledge and compliance level of sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) in fruits and vegetables in the city of Tshwane, South Africa
No full textSanitary and phytosanitary measures are intended to allow countries to protect the health of animals, humans and plants. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) may require pest-free products to be inspected, treated, tested and processed. Countries can issue a general authorisation for the import of agricultural products or require an import permit with specific requirements to enforce SPS measures. Invasive agricultural pests have the potential to be carried by fresh fruits and vegetables. Quarantine pests can be introduced into a new area via consignment movements or transportation. Currently, the focus in South Africa is primarily on pest movement control at international ports of entry, rather than movement control from one province to the next. If fruit and vegetable informal traders are unfamiliar with SPS measures, quarantined pests that have never occurred before can easily be introduced in a pest-free area. The main objective of the study was to analyse informal traders’ knowledge and compliance level of sanitary and phytosanitary measures for fruits and vegetables in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. The study was carried out in the City of Tshwane (CoT), which is in the Gauteng province. The four suburbs targeted were Arcadia, Sunnyside, Pretoria Central and Marabastad. A sample of 210 informal traders were drawn from the population of 458 registered fruit and vegetable informal traders in the City of Tshwane. The informal fruits and vegetable traders in Tshwane were sampled using a stratified random sampling method. A semi-structured questionnaire validated and piloted was used to collect primary data. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed on the data. Findings of the descriptive statistics show the following: more females (53.3%) are trading in the streets than males (46.2%); the 30–39 age group dominated the informal trading (34.3%), followed by the 21–29 age group (30%); South Africans dominate in the informal trading in the city (56.7%); married participants account for 48,6%, single participants covered 43.3%; 5.7% of the traders have primary education, while 53.3% have secondary education, national certificate holders were 36.2%, and tertiary qualification holders were 4.8%; 55% of informal traders trade with both fruits and vegetables, while 29% trade only with fruits and 15.7% trade only with vegetables; only 23.3% of the informal traders have valid trading license; 26% of informal traders are members of a union, while 74% are not members of any union; 90% of informal traders prefer to buy stock from the market, while 10% prefer to buy directly from the growers; 81.9% of traders were making profit; 63.3% are familiar with quarantine pests; 30.5% of traders did not have access to quarantine pest information, 18.1% relied on television for information, 4,3% relied on the radio for information, while 46,2% relied on word of mouth; 91% destroy pests, while 9% repel pests; 44.3% of the traders cover their products with a cloth, 48.1% cover their produce with a box, and 7.1% store the produce in cool temperatures (shade), while only 0.5% spray chemicals; 98.6% of traders were never trained in pest identification; 93.8% of traders had never heard of pest surveillance in Tshwane; 37% of participants understood the concept of phytosanitary measures as more about plant health regulation, 50% of informal traders understood it as a food safety issue, and 13% of traders did not understand phytosanitary measures; 95,2% inspect their products, 4,3% treat them, and 0.5% test their products; 79% said their products were inspected by quality inspectors, plant health inspectors (10%) and other private entities, like Prokon (11%); 24.7% of traders did not have any marking requirements on products, 52,4% had a production unit code (PUC), while 21.4% had the pack house code (PHC) and 1% of traders’ packaging bore the food business organisation logo (FBO); 54,4% of informal traders use open trucks, 8,6% use trucks with an open canopy, 0.5% use refrigerated trucks, and 37,6% use other methods such as trollies, because the distance is very short and they found it to be cheaper; 28% of informal traders were aware of a removal permit, 99% of informal traders did not have a removal permit; 74% of informal traders are unaware of the purpose of the removal permit; 38% think lack of a removal permit would not affect their business; 54% of traders said no one requested it, 45% said no one told them about it, and only 1% said they didn't have the money for it; 64% of informal traders in Tshwane never received government support services, while just over a quarter (29%) received them only occasionally, and only 7% received them always. The ordered logistic model was used to analyse the determinants of the level of knowledge of fruit and vegetable pests among the informal traders. Significant variables from the analysis were trading area, stall ownership, pest surveillance and pest disposal. The binary logistic regression model was used to analyse factors influencing the use of removal permit among the informal traders in the City of Tshwane. The significant variables from the analysis were gender, age, country of origin and pest sampling. The Tobit regression model was used to analyse factors influencing SPS compliance among the informal fruit and vegetable traders in the city. The significant variables from the analysis were pest identification training, phytosanitary practice, product challenges and removal permit. The study recommends that interventions aimed at improving knowledge level, awareness and compliance among the informal traders in the city should be informed by the afore-mentioned significant variables of the study. The government departments, such as the Tshwane municipality and the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD), should collaborate to train informal traders on the use of removal permits, make them aware of phytosanitary measures and train them to recognise pest symptoms. A model was developed to promote informal fruits and vegetable traders’ SPS knowledge and awareness, which will be key when designing relevant municipality intervention programmes in SPS measures.Ph.D. (Agriculture)Agriculture and Animal Healt