21838 research outputs found
Sort by
Drivers of early marriage and teenage pregnancy in Kenya and Uganda during COVID-19 lockdown period: A systematic review
Get PDFThe present study aimed to explore the drivers of early marriage and teenage pregnancy in Kenya and Uganda during COVID-19 lockdown period. A systematic review design was adopted. The major online databases utilized were PubMed, Google Scholar, Uganda and Kenya Ministry of Health repositories, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Studies that were originating from Kenya and Uganda that were publicly available in electronic format published from March 2020 to March 2022 were used. The thematic analysis identified major concepts that were drivers to the present research problem which were as follows: (1) school closure and (2) loss of income by parents. The COVID-19 containment measures introduced in the two countries were noted as major contributing factors. During the pandemic, lockdown led to school closures which meant the teenagers being idle at home with an increased opportunity to indulge in sexual risk behaviors. Schools have been noted to be a safe place protecting this vulnerable population. However, with their prolonged closure, the teenagers were exposed to sexual predators. Parents lost income, and this might have contributed to early marriages and teenagers' dependency on their sexual partners. Based on the reviewed evidence, the present study furthers the advocacy for the reduction of early marriages and teenage pregnancy, especially in the current COVID-19 pandemic era. The study calls upon the governments to intensify efforts toward the present research problem as the COVID-19 pandemic is eroding the earlier gains made within the regionHealth Studie
An exploration of health-related lifestyle behaviours of foundation phase learners : a socioecological perspective
Get PDFAbstracts in English, Northern Sotho and ZuluYoung children’s health-related lifestyle behaviours are a growing concern worldwide. Various studies have confirmed that lifestyle behaviours among children in low- to middle-income countries are on the increase, resulting in health risk factors such as overweight, obesity and malnutrition. Factors that impact young children’s lifestyle behaviours include dietary choices and high inactivity levels. This study explored low- to middle-income Foundation Phase learners’ lifestyle behaviours and the factors influencing such behaviours from a socioecological perspective. A qualitative case study approach was used to gather information from two purposively selected schools in a low- to middle-income community in South Africa. Qualitative data were collected through document analysis, non-participant observations, and semi-structured interviews. Data were mined from parents, educators, a senior education specialist, school management team, school-based support team, school feeding committee and tuckshop owners. The collected data from all the sources were transcribed verbatim and analysed qualitatively using codes and themes. The analysis yielded four themes: the physical aspect of health comprising learners’ nutrition and physical activities; the mental and social well-being of learners; factors affecting learners’ lifestyle behaviours at different levels; and stakeholders’ views on support needed in order to influence learners’ lifestyle behaviours. The findings confirmed earlier studies that learners from low- to middle-income families consume food with low nutritional value. Furthermore, learners’ overall physical activity levels were found to be low, failing to meet the recommended 60 minutes of physical activity per day. Moreover, learners with emotional challenges were not accorded the support they needed. Finally, the environment in which children are raised seems to have a great influence on children’s health-related lifestyle behaviours. Several implications emerged to create a platform where affected and interested stakeholders can design and implement collective strategies to address barriers impacting learners’ lifestyle behaviours. More research is needed to determine or measure the level at which the identified health-related challenges impact learners in all areas of development. This will inform families, schools and the education system on areas that need to be targeted when designing interventions in schools in low- to middle-income areas. It is also important to include learners’ voices in studies such as this one in order to understand learners’ feelings, attitudes, and levels of knowledge on healthy and unhealthy living.
In conclusion, the thesis argues that understanding learners’ health-related lifestyle behaviours can contribute to the design of appropriate interventions aimed at positively influencing learners’ health-related lifestyle behaviours. The thesis hopes to offer the schools in Tshwane South District a framework for establishing a health-promoting school. In this way, the study can contribute to a whole school approach to health education and health promotion literature in South Africa and offer useful tips for a healthy lifestyle, with the ultimate aim of improving learners’ quality of life.Maitshwaro a mekgwa ya go phela ye e amanago le bana ba bannyane ke taba ye e oketsegago lefaseng ka bophara. Dinyakisiso tse di fapanego di netefaditse gore maitshwaro a mekgwa ya go phela ya bana ba dinageng tsa ditseno tsa fase go isa go tsa magareng a oketsega, a bakago mabaka a kotsi a bjalo ka go ba le mmele o montsi, go nona, phepompe bophelong. Mabaka ao a amago le maitshwaro a mokgwa wa go phela wa bana ba bannyane a akaretsa kgetho ya dijo le maemo a godimo a go se be mafolofolo. Nyakisiso e hlahlobile maitshwaro a mekgwa ya bophelo ya baithuti ba Kgato ya Fase ba ditseno tsa fase go isa go tsa magareng le mabaka ao a huetsago maitshwaro a bjalo go tswa go kakanyo ya leagotikologo. Mokgwa wa tshekatsheko ya maemo wa go somisa dipalopalo o ile wa somiswa go kgoboketsa tshedimoso go tswa dikolong tse pedi tse di kgethilwego ka maikemisetso setshabeng sa batho bao ba hwetsago ditseno tsa fase go isa go tsa magareng ka Afrika Borwa. Datha ya go somisa dipalopalo e ile kgoboketswa ka tshekatsheko ya dingwalwa, ditebeledisiso tsa bao ba sa kgathego tema, le dipoledisano tsa go se latele lenaneo la dipotsiso. Datha e ile ya tsewa go tswa go batswadi, barutisi, setsebisegolo sa thuto, sehlopha sa basepedisi ba sekolo, sehlopha sa thekgo ya sekolo, komiti ya phepo ya sekolo le beng ba dithekesopo. Datha ye e kgobokeditswego go tswa methopong ka moka e ile ya ngwalollwa ka lentsu ka lentsu gomme ya sekasekwa ka tshomiso ya dipalopalo ka go šomiša dikhoutu le dihlogotaba. Tshekatsheko e hlagisitse dihlogotaba tse nne: karolo ya mmele ya maphelo ye e akaretsago phepo ya baithuti le ditiro tsa mmele; bophelo bjo kaone monaganong le setshabeng bja baithuti; mabaka ao a amago mekgwa ya bophelo ya baithuti maemong ao a fapanego; le maikutlo a baamegi mabapi le thekgo ye e hlokegago ya go hlohleletsa maitshwaro a baithuti. Diphihlelelo di netefaditse pejana tsa gore baithuti bao ba tswago malapeng ditseno tsa fase go isa go tsa magareng ba ja dijo tse di nago le boleng bja fase bja phepo. Go feta moo, maemo a boitshidullo bja mmele ka kakaretso a baithuti a ile a hwetswa a le fase, a sa kgone go fihlelela metsotso ye 60 ya boitshidullo bja mmele ka letsatsi. Ka godimo ga moo, baithuti bao ba nago le ditlhohlo tsa maikutlo ga ba ka ba fiwa thekgo yeo ba e hlokago. Mafelelong, tikologo yeo bana ba godisitswego go yona e bonagala e na le tlhohleletso ye kgolo maitshwarong a mekgwa ya bophelo yeo e amanago le maphelo a bana.
Ditlamorago tse mmalwa di hlagile go hlola dibaka moo bao ba amegago le bao ba nago le kgahlego ba ka hlamago le go phethagatsa maano a mohlakanelwa a go rarolla ditshitiso tseo di amanago le maitshwaro a mekgwa ya bophelo ya baithuti. Go hlokagala dinyakisiso tse dingwe go humana le go lekanya seemo seo ditlhohlo tse di amanago le maphelo di huetsago ka gona baithuti dikarolong ka moka tsa tlhabollo. Se se tla tsebisa malapa, dikolo le mokgwatshepediso wa thuto ka ga mafapha ao a swanetsego go nepiswa ge go hlangwa ditsenogare dikolong tse di lego mafelong ao a nago le ditseno tsa fase go isa go tsa magareng. Go bohlokwa gape go akaretsa mantsu a baithuti dithutong tse bjalo ka ye go kwesisa maikutlo a baithuti, maitshwaro a bona, le maemo a tsebo ka ga maphelo le go se phele gabotse.
Mafelelong, thesisi ye e hlagisa gore go kwesisa maitshwaro a mokgwa wa bophelo wo o amanago le maphelo a baithuti go ka thusa go hlama ditsenogare tsa maleba tse di lebantswego mo go huetseng maitshwaro a mekgwa ya bophelo ya maphelo vi a baithuti. Thesisi e holofela go fa dikolo tsa Selete sa Borwa sa Tshwane tlhako ya go hloma sekolo sa tswetsopele ya maphelo. Ka tsela ye, nyakisiso e ka tsenya letsogo go mokgwa wa sekolo ka moka wa thuto ya maphelo le go tswetsopele dingwalweng tsa tswetsopele ya maphelo ka Afrika Borwa le go fana ka maele a bohlokwa a maphelo, ka maikemisetso a pele a go kaonafatsa boleng bja maphelo a baithuti.Izindlela zokuphila eziphathelene nempilo yezingane ezincane ziyinkinga ekhulayo emhlabeni wonke. Ucwaningo oluhlukahlukene luye lwaqinisekisa ukuthi indlela yokuphila yezingane emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi kuya emaphakathi iyakhula, okuholela ezicini eziyingozi empilweni njengokukhuluphala, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, kanye nokungondleki. Izici ezithinta indlela yokuphila yezingane ezincane zihlanganisa ukukhethwa kokudla kanye namazinga aphezulu okungasebenzi. Lolu cwaningo luhlole indlela yokuphila yabafundi beSigaba esiyiSisekelo abahola kancane kuya kwabaphakathi kanye nezici ezithonya ukuziphatha okunjalo ngokombono wenhlalonhle yabantu. Kusetshenziswe indlela yocwaningo esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ngokujulile ukuze kuqoqwe ulwazi ezikoleni ezimbili ezikhethwe ngenhloso emphakathini ohola kancane kuya kophakathi eNingizimu Afrika. Uhlobo lweminingwane oluchaza ucezu lolwazi lwaqoqwa ngokuhlaziywa kwemibhalo, ukubhekwa kwabangebona ababambiqhaza, kanye nezingxoxo ezihleliwe. Imininingwane yaqoqwa kubazali, kothisha, kochwepheshe bezemfundo ephakeme, ithimba labaphathi besikole, ithimba labasekeli basesikoleni, ikomiti lokuphakela izingane ezikoleni kanye nabanikazi besitolo sasesikoleni. Imininingwane eqoqwe kusuka kuyo yonke imithombo yabhalwa ngegama nezwi futhi yahlaziywa ngendlela efanele kusetshenziswa amakhodi nezindikimba. Ukuhlaziya kuveze izindikimba ezine: isici somzimba sezempilo esihlanganisa ukondleka kwabafundi kanye nemisebenzi yomzimba; inhlalakahle ngokwengqondo nenhlalo yabafundi; izici ezithinta indlela yokuphila yabafundi emazingeni ahlukene; kanye nemibono yababambe iqhaza ekusekelweni okudingekayo ukuze kube nomthelela endleleni abafundi abaziphatha ngayo. Okutholakele kuqinisekise ucwaningo lwangaphambili lokuthi abafundi abavela emindenini ehola kancane ukuya emaphakathi badla ukudla okunomsoco ophansi. Ukwengeza, amazinga okuzivocavoca umzimba wonke wabafundi atholakale ephansi, ehluleka ukuhlangabezana nemizuzu engama-60 ephakanyiswayo yokuzivocavoca ngosuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafundi abanezinselele ezingokozwelo abazange banikezwe ukusekelwa ababekudinga. Okokugcina, indawo lapho izingane ezikhuliswa khona ibonakala inethonya elikhulu ekuziphatheni kwezingane okuhlobene nempilo yokuphila. Kube nemithelela eminingana eyavela ukuze kwakhiwe inkundla lapho ababambiqhaza abathintekayo nabanentshisekelo bengakha futhi basebenzise amasu ahlangene okubhekana nezithiyo ezithinta indlela yokuphila yabafundi. Kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kutholwe noma kulinganiswe izinga lapho izinselele ezihlonziwe ezihlobene nempilo zithinta abafundi kuyo yonke imikhakha yentuthuko. Lokhu kuzokwazisa imindeni, izikole kanye nohlelo lwezemfundo ngezindawo okumele ziqondiswe lapho kwakhiwa izinhlelo zokungenelela ezikoleni ezisezindaweni zabahola kancane ukuya kwabahola maphakathi. Kubalulekile futhi ukufaka amazwi abafundi ezifundweni ezifana nalesi ukuze kuqondwe imizwa yabafundi, indlela ababheka ngayo izinto, kanye namazinga olwazi ngokuphila okunempilo nokungenampilo.
Sekuphethwa, lombhalo wobuhlakani uthi ukuqonda indlela abafundi abaziphatha ngayo ehlobene nempilo kungaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezindlela zokungenelela ezifanele okuhloswe ngazo ukuba nomthelela omuhle ekuziphatheni okuhlobene nempilo yabafundi. Lo mbhalo wobuhlakani unethemba lokunikeza izikole eziseSifundazweni SaseNyakatho eTshwane uhlaka lokusungula isikole esithuthukisa impilo. Ngale ndlela, ucwaningo lungaba neqhaza endleleni yesikole sonke emfundweni yezempilo nezincwadi zokukhuthaza ezempilo eNingizimu Afrika futhi lunikeze amacebo awusizo endlela yokuphila enempilo, ngenhloso yokugcina yokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yabafundi.D. Ed. (Early Childhood Education)Early Childhood Educatio
Assessment of physico-chemical properties and heavy metal contents from the Middelburg Dam in Steve Tshwete Municipality, Mpumalanga
No full textPoor water quality is a global concern as water contaminated with high levels of both physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals has serious effects on both human health and the environment. Surface water quality is mainly affected by changes in physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals which mostly find their way into the water bodies through anthropogenic activities causing deterioration of the quality of water in the receiving water bodies. The consumption of polluted surface water with poor quality contributes to many waterborne related illnesses and also shows detrimental effects on aquatic life. The study aimed at utilising historical data in analysing physico-chemical properties of water quality and determining the presence and concentrations of heavy metals in water in the Middelburg dam, before and after treatment. A total of ten (10) sampling points were selected between raw water from the dam and water that is consumed after treatment, where both physico-chemical parameters as well as heavy metals were assessed.
The results suggested that the mean values and mean concentrations of physico-chemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, true colour, free chloride, nitrate, nitrite, fluoride, chloride, sodium, and total dissolved solids (except for sulfate) for all ten sites were within the acceptable limits of South African Standard for drinking water (SANS 241:2015). The mean concentrations of sulfate at all sampling points were above 250 mg/l, associated with aesthetic risk, while a mean concentration above 500 mg/l was in the raw water from the Middelburg Dam. Calcium, magnesium, and potassium mean concentrations for all the sampling points were also within the acceptable limits. The mean concentrations for alkalinity were very low (less than 150 mg/L) for all sampling points, which indicated that the water was corrosive, and this is related to acidity while the mean concentrations for total hardness were high (greater than 200 mg/L) indicating hard water. Aluminium and iron mean concentrations for all the sampling points were within the acceptable limits. The mean concentrations of manganese were higher at the water treatment plant and the reservoirs and slightly higher at most sampling points (above the limit of ≤ 0.1 mg/L), associated with aesthetic risk. The high levels of sulfate suggest pollution of water by activities such as coal mining. The levels of manganese suggest a considerable pollution of water with steel production and mining activities. The findings of the study can be used in Steve Tshwete Local Municipality and in any other area with the same environmental conditions by national authorities and policy makers in designing suitable strategies and approaches for water quality management. Moreover, the study recommends an in-depth analysis of the impacts of mining and other anthropogenic activities on the Middelburg dam and Klein-Olifants River catchment. All the studied physicochemical parameters and metal concentrations were within the permissible limits, so this was an indication that the current water treatment processes used by the municipality were effective.M. Sc. (Environmental Management)Environmental Science
The role of economic growth in modulating mobile connectivity dynamics for financial inclusion in developing countries
No full textThis study establishes economic growth needed for supply-side mobile money drivers in developing countries to be positively related to mobile money innovations in the perspectives of mobile money accounts, the mobile phone used to send money, and the mobile phone used to receive money. The empirical evidence is based on Tobit regressions. For the negative net relationships that are computed, minimum economic growth thresholds are established above which the net negative relationships become net positive relationships. The following minimum economic growth rates are required for nexuses between supply-side mobile money drivers and mobile money innovations to be positive: (i) 6.109% (6.193%) of GDP growth for mobile connectivity performance to be positively associated with the mobile phone used to send (receive) money and (ii) 4.590 % (4.259%) of GDP growth for mobile connectivity coverage to be positively associated with the mobile phone used to send (receive) money.Colleges of Economic and Management Science
An irregular expenditure governance strategy for South African state-owned entities
No full textNational government’s efforts to prevent irregular state expenditure have mainly focussed on the municipal environment, although there has been an increase in irregular expenditure by stated-owned entities (SOEs). This growing trend is driven by inept SOE-employees, careless procurement practices, and failure to comply with legislation—specifically regulations relating to supply chain management policies and procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the disconnect in a governance framework, struggling to prevent irregular expenditure by SOEs, and to suggest a governance strategy that is proactive, rather than reactive.
From the departure point, the study paradigm and design followed a post-positivist and constructivist approach, where a sequential mixed-methods design was employed to conduct a content analysis, IQA focus groups, and interviews. The literature review revealed that irregular expenditure principally related to contract adjudication—highlighting that most of the irregular expenditure types are assigned to the act of assessing bidding requirements, to award contracts to suppliers. This finding informed the proposed governance strategy.
The proposed governance strategy is anticipated to improve the governance framework regulating irregular state expenditure and improve the financial governance of SOEs in South Africa.D. Phil. (Accounting Sciences)Financial Accountin
The state of the indigenous languages in Kroonstad secondary schools
No full textThis study focuses on the extent to which the indigenous
languages are used among Kroonstad secondary schools. This is
prompted by the declaration of the South African constitution
that the indigenous languages be declared official languages .
This research therefore investigates whether these languages
are used equitably by the students at schools and whether they
have been included in the school curriculum.
To achi eve this exercise interviews are conducted amonq
secondary school children and their educators. Data is
collected, arranqed and analyzed. It is then discovered that
in Kroonstad only ~our indigenous lanquaqes are found, namely
Sesotho, isi-Zulu, isi-Xhosa and Setswana. Of these languages
only Sesotho is being used for communication purposes . The
other lanquaqes are being used at home and amonq their
speaker a only.
A recommendations is therefore made that much attention shoul-d
be given towards the development of the indigenous languages
so that they could be used by a large variety o~ people.
These languages should be developed to become the media of instructi on now that most people feel that they are as
important as other official languages . A major task should be
given to the government , the curriculum and language planners
to develop the indigenous languages to a point where they
would receive recognition of their status as official
languages. For this to be attained, the indigenous languages
should be included in all schools curriculum to be studied as
subjects.M.A. (African languages)African Language
Energy Transitions in the Global South and Africa: Policy Imperatives, System Dynamics and Challenges
No full textEnergy poverty is pervasive with significant health and well-being ramifications,
especially for the Global South (United Nations Environment Program [UNEP], 2021).
Energy-impoverished communities are those that are dependent on traditional solid
fuels and flammable hydrocarbons that are usually burnt in unsafe, inefficient and
polluting stoves. The health and economic consequences are far-reaching, primarily
through household air pollution, burn injuries and poisonings, with consequential
health, neurological and psychological outcomes (Haagsma, et al., 2016; Wolf, Prüss Ustün & Vickers, 2016). The socio-economic ramifications of the energy burden are
enormous and generate social exclusion while limiting development in the affected
countries (Guzowski, Martin & Zabaloy, 2021). With the accumulation of evidence of
the impact of energy impoverishment, there have been increasing calls for expedited
and inclusive transitions to safe and health-promotive energy. For such transitions to be
truly just, they must centre on the needs of energy-impoverished people to ensure that
no one is left behind (UNEP, 2021). There is also increasing consensus that access to
safe and clean domestic energy is pivotal, if not a prerequisite, for a range of other global
priorities beyond health, including environmental protection and sustainability,
economic development and gender equality (Wolf et al., 2016).Institute for Social and Health Studies (ISHS
Determinants and effectiveness of external finance on growth and development in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA): A review of the literature
Get PDFAbstracts in English, Afrikaans and Southern SothoSub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces substantial development funding gaps and significant socio-economic challenges. To overcome these funding gaps and achieve the many developmental goals, many SSA countries rely on external funding modalities, specifically foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign aid inflows. The literature on foreign aid, FDI and economic growth yields a myriad of studies – with contradicting findings – on the effectiveness of external finance in improving development outcomes. The impact of foreign aid on growth and development in SSA has been scrutinised given the low development and growth observed despite significant aid flows to the region. Conversely, FDI in SSA, attributed to increased investment and growth, is considered largely beneficial. Given that the literature presents conflicting findings, this study provides a comprehensive reassessment of (i) the determinants of FDI and foreign aid, and (ii) the effectiveness of FDI and foreign aid overall, with specific focus on SSA through the systematic review of literature from 1960 to 2020.
According to the findings of this study, the main determinants of FDI flows to SSA are trade openness, human capital development and infrastructure development. Ambiguity exists regarding the role of economic growth, governance, and natural resource endowments in attracting FDI. Key drivers of foreign aid to SSA include institutional stability, and historical and cultural ties with donor countries. The findings for economic growth, human capital development and altruistic motives as drivers of foreign aid yielded mixed results. As far as the effectiveness of FDI and foreign aid in SSA is concerned, FDI improves economic growth, productivity, trade, and human capital development, while its impact on governance and the environment has been negative. Foreign aid enhances economic growth, governance, education, and health variables in SSA. Substantial foreign aid has been provided to SSA countries and this has fostered dependence on such flows to overcome capital deficiencies. It is recommended that policy makers target FDI and foreign aid programmes which align to the short-term and long-term socio-economic needs of SSA economies.Afrika suid van die Sahara (SSA) word deur beduidende sosio-ekonomiese uitdagings en wesenlike gapings in ontwikkelingsbefondsing gekonfronteer. Om hierdie befondsingsgapings te oorbrug en die vele ontwikkelingsdoelwitte te bereik, maak baie SSA-lande staat op eksterne befondsingsmodaliteite – spesifiek buitelandse direkte investering (BDI) en invloeie van buitelandse hulp. Die literatuur oor hulp uit die buiteland, BDI en ekonomiese groei omvat ’n magdom studies met teenstrydige bevindinge oor die doeltreffendheid van eksterne finansiering om ontwikkelingsuitkomste te verbeter. Die impak van buitelandse hulp op groei en ontwikkeling in SSA is noukeurig ondersoek gegewe die lae ontwikkeling en groei wat waargeneem is ten spyte van beduidende hulp wat aan die streek verleen is. Omgekeerd word BDI in SSA, wat aan verhoogde investering en groei toegeskryf word, grotendeels as voordelig beskou. Met inagneming daarvan dat die literatuur teenstrydige bevindinge aandui, bied hierdie studie ’n omvattende herassessering van (i) die determinante van BDI en buitelandse hulp, en (ii) die doeltreffendheid van BDI en buitelandse hulp oor die algemeen, met spesifieke fokus op SSA deur die sistematiese oorsig van literatuur van 1960 tot 2020.
Volgens die bevindinge van hierdie studie is die hoofdeterminant van BDI-vloeie na SSA handelsoopheid, ontwikkeling van menskapitaal en ontwikkeling van infrastruktuur. Daar is dubbelsinnigheid oor die rol van ekonomiese groei, beheer, en begiftiging van natuurlike hulpbronne in die lok van BDI. Sleutelaandrywers van buitelandse hulp aan SSA sluit institusionele stabiliteit, en historiese en kulturele bande met skenkerlande in. Die bevindinge vir ekonomiese groei, ontwikkeling van menskapitaal en altruïstiese motiewe as aandrywers van buitelandse hulp het gemengde resultate gelewer. Wat die doeltreffendheid van BDI en buitelandse hulp in SSA betref, verbeter BDI ekonomiese groei, produktiwiteit, handel, en ontwikkeling van menskapitaal, terwyl die impak daarvan op beheer en die omgewing, negatief was. Hulp uit die buiteland verbeter ekonomiese groei, beheer, opvoeding, en gesondheidsveranderlikes in SSA. Wesenlike buitelandse hulp is aan SSA-lande verleen, en dit het afhanklikheid van sodanige vloeie laat ontstaan om kapitaaltekorte te oorkom. Daar word aanbeveel dat beleidsbepalers BDI en buitelandse hulpprogramme teiken wat in lyn met die korttermyn- en langtermyn- sosio-ekonomiese behoeftes van SSA-ekonomieë isAforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara (SSA) e lebagane le tlhaelo e e boitshegang ya tlamelo ya matlole a tlhabololo le dikgwetlho tse di bonalang tsa ikonomiloago. Go fenya tlhaelo eno ya tlamelo ya matlole le go fitlhelela bontsi jwa maikemisetso a tlhabololo, dinaga tse dintsi tsa SSA di ikaega ka mekgwa ya tlamelo ya matlole go tswa kwa ntle, bogolo segolo peeletsotlhamalalo ya dinaga tse dingwe (FDI) le go amogela thuso ya dinaga tse dingwe. Dikwalo tsa thuso ya dinaga tse dingwe, FDI le kgolo ya ikonomi di tlhagisa dithutopatlisiso tse dintsi tse di nang le diphitlhelelo tse di ganetsanang malebana le nonofo ya tlamelo ya ditšhelete go tswa kwa ntle go tokafatsa dipoelo tsa tlhabololo. Ditlamorago tsa thuso ya dinaga tse dingwe mo kgolong le tlhabololo mo SSA di sekasekilwe thata ka ntlha ya tlhabololo le kgolo e e kwa tlase e e lemogilweng le fa go ntse go na le kelelo e e bonalang ya thuso mo kgaolong. Fa go buiwa, FDI mo dinageng tsa SSA, e e akgolelwang dipeeletso le kgolo e e tokafetseng, e tsewa e le mosola thata. Ka ntlha ya gore dikwalo di tlhagisa diphitlhelelo tse di ganetsanang, thutopatlisiso eno e tlamela ka tshekatshekosešwa ya (i) diswetsi tsa FDI le thuso ya dinaga tse dingwe le (ii) bokgoni jwa FDI le thuso ya dinaga tse dingwe ka kakaretso, go totilwe dinaga tsa SSA ka tshekatsheko e e rulaganeng ya dikwalo tsa go tloga ka 1960 go fitlha 2020.
Go ya ka diphitlhelelo tsa thutopatlisiso eno, diswetsidikgolo tsa kelelo ya FDI go ya kwa dinageng tsa SSA ke go bulega ga kgwebisano, tlhabololo ya badiri le tlhabololo ya mafaratlhatlha. Go na le ketsaetsego malebana le seabe sa kgolo ya ikonomi, bolaodi, le ditlamelo tsa tlholego malebana le go ngokela FDI. Ditsamaisi tse dikgolo tse di ngokelang thuso ya dinaga tse dingwe mo dinageng tsa SSA di akaretsa go tsepama ga ditheo, le dikgolagano tsa hisetori le setso le dinaga tse di abang. Diphitlhelelo tsa kgolo ya ikonomi, tlhabololo ya badiri le maikaelelo a go thusa kwa ntle ga boitebo jaaka ditsamaisi di tlhagisitse dipholo tse di tlhakatlhakaneng. Malebana le bokgoni jwa FDI le thuso ya dinaga tse dingwe mo dinageng tsa SAA gone, FDI e tokafatsa kgolo ya ikonomi, tlhagiso, kgwebisano, le tlhabololo ya badiri, fa ditlamorago mo bolaoding le tikologo tsona di sa siama. Thuso ya dinaga tse dingwe e tokafatsa kgolo ya ikonomi, bolaodi, thuto, le boitekanelo mo dinageng tsa SSA. Go tlametswe ka thuso e e bonalang ya dinaga tse dingwe mo dinageng tsa SSA mme seno se bakile gore go nne le go ikaega mo tlamelong eno go fenya ditlhaelo tsa matlole. Go atlenegisiwa gore badiradipholisi ba tote FDI le mananeo a thuso ya dinaga tse dingwe a a lepalepaneng le ditlhokego tsa pakakhutshwane le tsa pakatelele tsa diikonomi tsa dinaga tsa SSAM. Com. (Economics)Economic
The geopoletics of knowledge production in applied English language studies: transknowledging and a two-eyed critical southern decoloniality
No full textEnglish Studie
Werkwoorde
No full textHierdie hulpbron verduidelik kortliks die woordsoort "werkwoorde"Afrikaans and Theory of Literatur