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Gender-based challenges of female teachers in the teaching of civil technology in selected secondary schools in Gauteng Province
No full textAbstracts in English, Northern Sotho and ZuluCivil Technology is a specialised Technology subject in the Further Education and Training Band focusing on the concepts and principles in the built environment and on the technological process. The subject requires teachers and learners to be able to use hand tools in the workshop and operate the machines. There is however a belief that this subject should be reserved for male teachers only, thus raising gender-equality issues in the subject. Gender inequality in the workplace, specifically in this subject, that is informed by looking down on the abilities of females and referring to them as inferior is considered a gender issue. This issue emanates from the long-term impact of traditional gender role beliefs in society. It is for this reason that the aim of this study was to explore the gender-based challenges faced by female teachers in teaching the Civil Technology subject in selected technical high schools in Soweto in the Gauteng Province. Seven Civil Technology teachers (three males and four females) in the Johannesburg Central District were purposively selected from four schools, interviewed and observed during practical lessons. The findings showed that female teachers face numerous gender-based challenges when teaching Civil Technology. These include a lack of trust from some of their male counterparts and the shortage of tools and machines which led to them failing to plan the delivery of practical lessons. However, some male teachers believed that female teachers could teach the subject and needed to be encouraged. The study’s significance lies in the fact that it highlights issues of the treatment of women in fields that are traditionally dominated by or reserved for men. Women’s challenges should be addressed and effective solutions found to liberate them from stereotypes. By examining these issues, the study contributes to the broader discourse on gender equality, offering valuable insights and strategies to promote inclusivity and opportunities for women in technical education.Thekenoloji e e dirisiwang mo Kagong ke serutwa sa Thekenoloji ya boitseanape mo Legatong la Thuto le Katiso ya Tlaleletso se se tsepamisang mo dikgopolong le melawanatheo ya mo kagong le mo mekgwatirisong ya thekenoloji. Serutwa se tlhoka gore barutabana le barutwana ba nne le bokgoni jwa go dirisa didiriswa tse di dirisiwang ka seatla mo bodirelong le go dirisa metšhini. Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le tumelo ya gore serutwa seno se tshwanetse go beelwa barutabana ba banna fela, ka jalo go tsosa mathata a a ka ga go lekalekana ga batho ba bong jo bo farologaneng mo serutweng. Go kgethololwa ka ntlha ya bong mo lefelotirong, segolo bogolo mo serutweng seno, go go bakilweng ke go nyenyefatsa bokgoni jwa basadi le go kaya gore ga ba dire tiro e e siameng go tsewa jaaka bothata jo ba bo itemogelang ka ntlha ya bong jwa bone. Bothata jono bo tswa mo ditlamoragong tsa pakatelele tsa ditumelo tsa setso le tse di tlwaelegileng tsa ditiro le maitsholo a a solofetsweng mo bathong ba bong jo bo rileng mo setšhabeng. Ka ntlha ya lebaka leno, maikaelelo a thutopatlisiso eno e nnile go sekaseka dikgwetlho tse di amanang le dikamano tsa banna le basadi tse di itemogelwang ke barutabana ba basadi mo go ruteng serutwa sa Thekenoloji e e dirisiwang mo Kagong mo dikolong tse dikgolo tse di tlhophilweng tse di neelang thuto e e amanang le tiro e e rileng tsa kwa Soweto mo Porofenseng ya Gauteng. Barutabana ba le supa ba Thekenoloji e e dirisiwang mo Kagong (banna ba le bararo le basadi ba le bane) mo Sedikeng sa Bogareng sa Johannesburg ba tlhophilwe ka lebaka mo dikolong di le nne, ba botsoloditswe le go lebelelwa ka kelotlhoko ka nako ya dikamuso tse go dirwang ditekeletso mo go tsone. Diphitlhelelo di bontshitse gore barutabana ba basadi ba itemogela dikgwetlho di le mmalwa ka ntlha ya bong jwa bone fa ba ruta Thekenoloji e e dirisiwang mo Kagong. Tsone di akaretsa go sa tshepiwe ke bangwe ba badirammogo ba bone ba banna le go tlhaela ga didiriswa le metšhini go go dirang gore ba palelwe ke go rulaganyetsa go ruta kamuso e go dirwang tekeletso mo go yone. Le fa go ntse jalo, barutabana bangwe ba banna ba ne ba dumela gore barutabana ba basadi ba kgona go ruta serutwa le gore ba tlhoka go rotloediwa. Botlhokwa le bokao jwa thutopatlisiso bo ikaegile ka ntlha ya gore e gatelela mathata a mokgwa o basadi ba tsholwang ka one mo maphateng a ka tlwaelo a laolwang ke banna kgotsa a a beetsweng banna. Go tshwanetse ga samaganwa le dikgwetlho tsa basadi go bo go fitlhelelwe ditharabololo tse di nonofileng tsa go ba golola mo ditumelong tse di rileng tsa karogantsho ya batho. Ka go sekaseka mathata ano, thutopatlisiso e nna le seabe mo tshekatshekong e e anameng thata e e ka ga tekatekano ya batho ba bong jo bo farologaneng, e neela bokgoni jo bo mosola jwa go tlhaloganya le ditogamaano go rotloetsa go akarediwa ga batho botlhe kwa ntle ga kgethololo le ditšhono tse di neelwang basadi mo thutong e e amanang le tiro e e rileng.I-Civil Technology kusifundo seThekhnoloji ekhethekileko eMkhakheni weFundo eRagela phambili kanye neBandulo (Further Education and Training Band) itjheja imiqondo neenkambisolawulo ebhodulukweni lokwakha begodu eenkambisweni yethekhnoloji. Isifundo sifuna abotitjhere nabafundi bakghone ukusebenzisa iinsetjenziswa zesandla kusifundobandulo bese kusetjenziswa imitjhini. Yeke, kunekolelo yokobana isifundwesi kufanele sibekelwe abotitjhere abaduna kwaphela, ngikho kuba neendatjana zokulingana kobulili esifundweni. Ukungalingani ngobulili emsebenzini, khulukhulu kilesisifundo, esifundwa ngokuqalela phasi amakghono wabantu bengubo begodu babathathe ngokuthi basezingeni eliphasi lokho kuthathwa njengendaba yobulili. Indaba le isukela esikhathini sakade esithinta ngokwendabuko iinkolelo zendima yobulili emphakathini. Kungesizathu lesi ekutheni umnqopho wesifundwesi kwabe kukuhlola iintjhijilo abotitjhere ababomma abaqalene nazobabantu ekufundiseni isifundo se-Civil Technology bengubo abaqalene nazo eenkolweni zamabanga aphakemeko eSoweto ngesiFundeni se-Gauteng. Abafundisi/Abotitjhere abalikhomba be-Civil Technology (abathathu abaduna nabane abasikazi) esiYingini se-Johannesburg Central District bakhethwa ngehloso eenkolweni ezine, bahlungwa begodu batjheja ngesikhathi seemfundo eziphrakthikhali. Imiphumela yaveza bona abotitjhere bengubo baqalene neentjhijilo ezinengi ezimayelana nobulili lokha nabafundisa i-Civil Technology. Lokhu kufaka hlangana ukungathembeki kwabanye babalingani babo abaduna begodu nokutjhoda kweensetjenziswa kanye nemitjhini eyenza bona babhalelwe kuplana ukwethulwa kweemfundo zamaphrakthikhali. Yeke, abanye babotitjhere abaduna bebakholwa bona abotitjhere bengubo bangakghona ukufundisa isifundo begodu batlhoga ukukhuthazwa. Ukuqakatheka kwesifundo kuphathelene nokuthi kuveza iindaba zokuphathwa kwabomma emkhakheni ngokwendabuko onabobaba abanengi namkha ebekelwe bona. Iintjhijilo abomma abaqalene nazo kufanele zilungiswe begodu kube neensombululo ezizwakalako okutholakele bona zibatjhaphulula abathatha bona vele kunjalo. Ngokuhlola iindabezi, isifundo senza umnikelo eenkulumeni ezinabileko ezimayelana nokulingana ngobulili, esinikela imibono eqakathekileko kanye namaqhinga wokuthuthukisa ukufakwa hlangana kwabomma kanye namathuba wabomma eemfundweni ezithekhnikhali.M. Ed. (Technology Education)Science and Technology Educatio
An exploration of culture dependent modifiable risk factors for low back pain in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: - developing an integrated preventative model
Get PDFBackground: The magnitude of LBP has increased in recent years. It has remained
neglected with profound negative impact on the society. The risk factors continue to increase
throughout communities as a result of limited preventive methods.
Aim: The aim of this study was to offer in-depth exploration of cultural and social factors in
vulnerability to LBP in order to develop a culturally sensitive integrated preventative model
in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed methods research design was employed to
investigate the complex phenomenon of the study. Quantitative and qualitative data was
collected through a combination of data collection tools that included interviewer administered questionnaires and semi-structured interviews from both the back patients and
healthcare providers in each of the selected public hospitals. Participants with back pain and
healthcare providers working in the public hospitals were identified and sampled through a
simple random sampling and purposive sampling technique, respectively.
Findings: In the first phase, 170 participants took part in the study. Back pain is a
multifactorial disorder, where the contributions of bio-medical and cultural factors for its
occurrence are noteworthy. Chi square analysis showed a statistical association between
seventeen variables of interest related to the participant group of individuals affected by LBP.
In the second phase, back patients perceived that they were predisposed to LBP due to lack
of knowledge and awareness on available prevention methods. Additionally, healthcare providers were blamed for their limited involvement in awareness-building about the severity
and impacts of LBP. The low awareness rates were associated with increased risk of the
development of LBP among the productive group of the community members.
Conclusions: Prevention of LBP should not be seen as only involving bio-medical factors
bust also other influences that include cultural and social factors. The emergent model has
the benefit of integrating bio-medical, cultural and social modifiable factors for the prevention
of LBP.D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)Health Studie
Identifiable information management system to protect patients’ confidentiality in Tshwane healthcare centres, South Africa
Get PDFProtecting Personal Identifiable Information for confidentiality in healthcare services cannot be overstated. Existing policies pursue to have an extensive influence on information and records management systems in healthcare services regarding the protection of patient confidentiality. This presents challenges that affect patient confidentiality. This study aimed to investigate the identifiable information management system to protect patients’ confidentiality in Tshwane Healthcare Centres, South Africa. The study utilised a conceptual framework that promotes POPIA compliance by adhering to the act's eight conditions, maintaining compliance with the conditions, and ensuring assurance based on transparency, accountability, and trust. Through a positivist approach, the study prevalently used a quantitative multimethod approach with some support from a limited scope of qualitative data to supplement quantitative numerical data. The total population was 95 employees purposefully selected under information and records management units in the Tshwane healthcare institutions. The interviews were conducted with managers of the healthcare entities under the records management sections. The data was gathered using four methods: questionnaires, interviews, observation, and content analysis. The study obtained a 100% response rate using the participant replacement technique. The findings revealed that the mode of medical record management was not efficiently permitting the institutions to manage the confidentiality of medical records adequately due to a lack of prioritisation of confidentiality and ineffective implementation of POPIA policy. Furthermore, poor security measures were kept in place to protect medical records against threats. The study recommended an implementation approach to the POPIA policy that ensures compliance requirements, privacy gap assessment and solution visioning. A further study was recommended about the digital healthcare shift towards client-centred services and new modes of careM.A. (Information Science (Information Security))Information Scienc
The role of the principal as an instructional leader in improving school performance
Get PDFThe dawn of democracy in South Africa saw the introduction of far-reaching changes in the South African Education system. Education provision became more regulated, participative and democratized. The South African Constitution promised quality education to its citizens. In order to realise this mandate, vast resources in the form of infrastructure and teaching and learning support materials were invested in the education sector to correct the imbalances of the past. Despite policy development and the massive investment in education, schools continue to struggle to provide quality teaching and teaching to students. This has been highlighted by the poor performance of South African learners in cross national and regional benchmark tests. The poor performance was placed at the failure of school leadership to manage the core business of the school. South African Schools Act has charged principals with accountability for the performance of learners in their schools. Principals are required to provide professional leadership and management of the school towards the achievement of its goals. Instructional leadership has been cited as a form of leadership lacking among principals. Principals who want to turn around the performance of their schools need to function as instructional leaders. This study was aimed at investigating the role of the principal as an instructional leader in improving school performance in the Lehukwe Circuit of Bohlabela District in Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga Province. Seven principals of both primary and secondary schools were purposefully sampled for the study. A qualitative approach was adopted using an interpretive perspective. Semi-structured interview was used as a data gathering tool. The collected data was analysed, coded and categorised using the open coding system. The study revealed that principals differ in their understanding of the application of instructional leadership. The awareness of the key role of managing teaching and learning seems to have received very little attention in the recruitment and appointment of principals. The difference in the understanding and application of instructional leadership is a reason for some schools performing poorly while others perform according to expectations.M. Ed. (Educational Leadership and Management)Educational Leadership and Managemen
Search for leptonic charge asymmetry in t t ¯ W production in final states with three leptons at s = 13 TeV
No full textAbstract
A search for the leptonic charge asymmetry (
A
c
ℓ
) of top-quark-antiquark pair production in association with a W boson (
t
t
¯
W
) is presented. The search is performed using final states with exactly three charged light leptons (electrons or muons) and is based on
s
= 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN during the years 2015–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. A profile-likelihood fit to the event yields in multiple regions corresponding to positive and negative differences between the pseudorapidities of the charged leptons from top-quark and top-antiquark decays is used to extract the charge asymmetry. At reconstruction level, the asymmetry is found to be −0.12 ± 0.14 (stat.) ± 0.05 (syst.). An unfolding procedure is applied to convert the result at reconstruction level into a charge-asymmetry value in a fiducial volume at particle level with the result of −0.11 ± 0.17 (stat.) ± 0.05 (syst.). The Standard Model expectations for these two observables are calculated using Monte Carlo simulations with next-to-leading-order plus parton shower precision in quantum chromodynamics and including next-to-leading-order electroweak corrections. They are
−
0.084
−
0.003
+
0.005
(scale) ± 0.006 (MC stat.) and
−
0.063
−
0.004
+
0.007
(scale) ± 0.004 (MC stat.) respectively, and in agreement with the measurements
Church technological growth and sustainability: insight from system dynamics
No full textReligious organisations that have realised the importance of ICTs are increasingly adopting and using
various technologies to spread evangelism while seeking to grow membership. Currently, a few
studies evaluating the use of ICTs in religious organisations through systems dynamics approach to
focus primarily on sustainability and a growth perspective. Very little is said in such studies about
the use of the adopted ICTs and their impact on these religious organisations. This study addresses
the knowledge gap identified by assessing the impact of ICTs on the sustainability and growth of the
Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) churches across South Africa. Data collection involved interviews with
church leaders, a questionnaire survey of church members, a document analysis of the Book of Acts,
and Facebook posts from the SDA churches. The qualitative data were analysed thematically using
Atlas-ti 8. The questionnaire survey data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences version 25, while data from Facebook were analysed using sentiment analysis. The findings
showed a high level of ICT usage among church leaders and members. The study found that church
leaders use ICTs to create online communities for their congregations, which were essential in
addressing the communication and informational needs of church leaders. However, there were
reports of misuse of ICT, such as the circulation of inappropriate content, and scams. Nonetheless,
the gains to the church were more worth it than the concerns as the church leaders managed to come
up with corrective measures. The study further found that lack of proper data integration from
distributed departments and poor consolidation of reports from the church departments caused church
leaders to make wrong decisions that affected the operations of the church. For improved decision making, the study proposed the development of a pastoral analytics-based dashboard that uses a single
screen for data consolidation and reporting. The study contributes to scientific knowledge by
addressing the existing gap in the impact of ICT on the sustainability and growth of modern churches by developing a pastoral dashboard for church leaders. This study recommends further data collection
from other religious organisations.Ph. D. (Information Systems)Information Scienc
Governance quality and trade performance in Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textIn this study, nexuses between governance and trade performance in terms of natural resource rents are assessed in 44 sub-Saharan African countries. The empirical evidence is based on Tobit regressions. The findings show that political governance (entailing “voice & accountability” and political stability) and institutional governance (consisting of the rule of law and corruption control) have a negative effect on trade performance. The findings are consistent with the perspective that resources rents are linked to inefficiencies in governance which are further detrimental to trade performance within the remit of natural resource rents on the one hand and, on the other, the premise of the prevailing weak institutions in the region less likely to boost trade performance.Colleges of Economic and Management Science
Work-related violence: experiences of shopping centre security guards
Get PDFText in English with summaries and keywords in English and AfrikaansThis study aimed to investigate the construct of work-related violence experienced by security guards employed at a shopping centre in Gauteng. The objectives of the study were: to identify the nature of the psychological problems experienced by security guards at the Gauteng shopping centre, to explore the working conditions that account for the difficulties experienced by security guards in the context of their work, to identify various forms of work-related violence manifesting in security work at the shopping centre; and to recommend psychological intervention strategies to address security guards’ experiences of work-related violence. Galtung’s (1969) proposition on structural violence was adopted as the conceptual framework to understand how the poor working conditions of security guards in the private security industry in South Africa could constitute structural violence. Qualitative research was employed to analyse participants’ accounts of their experiences of work-related violence. A case study research design was employed to investigate the experiences of security guards at the shopping centre. Ten security guards who met the study’s inclusion criteria in terms of the age cohort, work experience and residence in Gauteng participated in the study. Nine themes emerged when the data were analyzed. Findings indicated that difficult living circumstances related to structural violence inherent in South African society, sector-specific precarious work-related problems, and direct exposure to violence from the public and criminals characterised the work-related violence that the shopping centre security guards experienced. This study concludes that the working conditions of shopping centre security guards are a form of structural violence that adversely impacts their psychological well-being. The study successfully demonstrated how work-related violence is a psychological construct worthy of psychological research and proposes psychological interventions that could be implemented in the security industry. Proposals for further psychological research in the security industry are made.Die doel van hierdie studie was om die konstruk van werkverwante geweld te ondersoek, soos ervaar deur sekuriteitswagte wat by ’n winkelsentrum in Gauteng in diens is. Die doelwitte van die studie was: om die aard van die sielkundige probleme te identifiseer wat sekuriteitswagte by die Gautengse winkelsentrum ervaar; om die werksomstandighede te ondersoek wat verantwoordelik is vir die probleme wat sekuriteitswagte in die konteks van hulle werk ervaar; om verskillende vorme van werkverwante geweld te identifiseer wat met sekuriteitswerk by die winkelsentrum verband hou; en om sielkundige ingrypingstrategieë aan te beveel om sekuriteitswagte se ervarings van werkverwante geweld aan te spreek. Galtung (1969) se voorstel oor strukturele geweld is gebruik as die konseptuele raamwerk om te verstaan hoe die swak werksomstandighede van sekuriteitswagte in die private sekuriteitsbedryf in Suid-Afrika op strukturele geweld kan neerkom. Kwalitatiewe navorsing is gebruik om deelnemers se verslae oor hulle ervarings van werkverwante geweld te analiseer. ’n Gevallestudie-navorsingsontwerp is gebruik om die ervarings van sekuriteitswagte by die winkelsentrum te ondersoek. Tien sekuriteitswagte wat aan die studie se insluitingskriteria voldoen het ten opsigte van ouderdomsgroep, werkservaring en verblyf in Gauteng, het aan die studie deelgeneem. Nege temas het na vore gekom toe die data ontleed is. Bevindinge het aangedui dat moeilike lewensomstandighede wat verband hou met strukturele geweld wat inherent is aan die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing, sektorspesifieke gevaarlike werkverwante probleme en direkte blootstelling aan geweld deur die publiek en misdadigers, kenmerke is van die werkverwante geweld wat deur sekuriteitswagte in die winkelsentrum ervaar word. Hierdie studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die werksomstandighede van sekuriteitswagte in winkelsentrums ’n vorm van strukturele geweld is wat ’n nadelige invloed op hulle sielkundige welstand het. Die studie het suksesvol gedemonstreer hoe werkverwante geweld ’n sielkundige konstruk is wat beslis sielkundige navorsing waardig is, en dit stel sielkundige ingrypings voor wat in die sekuriteitsbedryf geïmplementeer kan word. Voorstelle vir verdere sielkundige navorsing in die sekuriteitsbedryf word gemaak.D. Phil. (Psychology)Psycholog
A critical assessment of the challenges encountered in implementing the updated religious studies curriculum in Zimbabwe secondary schools
Get PDFIn 2017, Zimbabwe started to implement the updated Religious Studies curriculum under a new policy framework. However, there have been policy gaps and challenges in implementing the new curriculum. There has been little scholarly attention on curriculum reforms, particularly on Religious Studies policy and implementation challenges. The lack of inclusive policy formulation and hurried implementation of the policy has affected the desired goal to promote inclusivism, tolerance and pluralism. The Religious Studies policy, which was implemented in 2017, allows the teaching of religions such as Indigenous Religion, Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Contrary to the stated policy, secondary school teachers continue to lack policy fidelity as they use confessional approaches among other pedagogical and philosophical approaches, which present challenges in secondary schools. The purpose of this study was, thus, to critique policy and implementation challenges of the 2017 updated Religious Studies curriculum in Zimbabwe’s secondary schools, interrogating the gap between the policy and curriculum implementation. Literature suggests that factors that inhibit policy implementation of a multi-faith Religious Studies policy in multi-faith societies include resistance by dominant religion, unpreparedness to meet reforms, teachers’ personal background and lack of support from government. This study sought to develop an understanding of policy gaps and challenges faced in implementing the updated Religious Studies curriculum which is multi-faith oriented. The study further aimed to gain an understanding, from policy implementers, of how policy implementation challenges affected their teaching objectives. The Effective Curriculum Policy Implementation (ECPI) theoretical framework guided this study since the intention was to conduct the research as well as to contribute to effective policy implementation and reduce challenges affecting the implementation of the updated Religious Studies curriculum. A mixed research approach was employed where semi-structured open-ended questionnaires, individual interviews and document analysis were used to collect data. Forty Religious Studies teachers in secondary schools responded to a questionnaire. Two senior Religious Studies teachers, one ZIMSEC official and two District Schools Inspectors were purposefully selected to participate in the study through interviews. It emerged from the study that there were some policy gaps in the 2017 updated Religious Studies policy and the implementation of the policy had several challenges. The major challenges identified include the following: inadequate policy framework, unavailability of educational material resources in the teaching and learning of the updated Religious Studies curriculum, lack of resources, lack of technical support, personal background of teachers, educational levels of teachers, pedagogical deficiencies of teachers,lack of supervision, influence of responsible authority like the church, dropping of the subject and biased summative assessment. A critique of policy implementation and challenges indicates that they are mainly related to exclusivism due to dominance of one religion in the old curriculum as well as weak policy framing which hinder acceptance of other religions. Participants believed that the challenges they faced could be resolved and they proposed some intervention strategies. The study recommends that curriculum review of 2023, particularly in Religious Studies, should take into consideration intervention strategies such as in-service training of teachers, capacitating teacher training institutions to educate trainee teachers with methods that take into consideration multi-faith societies and government financing curriculum reforms. The study concluded that inclusivism, tolerance and plurality could be achieved if a multipath policy was implemented effectively.D. Litt. et Phil. (Religious Studies)Religious Studies and Arabi
Provision of vocational education and training programmes as a rehabilitative strategy : a case study of a correctional centre
Get PDFSouth Africa has one of the highest unemployment rates in the world. Ex-offenders suffer the most in this circumstance since employers are hesitant to hire somebody with a criminal record. As a result, it is critical that the Department of Corrections (DCS) guarantees that upon release, offenders are adequately equipped with marketable skills that will enable them to be self-sufficient or employed. If ex-offenders lack skills and competencies, they may revert to criminality as a survival measure. All key stakeholders must utilise and implement the Offender Rehabilitation Path (ORP) policy correctly for successful rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders. This study aims to investigate the provision of vocational education and training (VET) programmes at a correctional centre within a management area from a rehabilitative standpoint. The Good Lives Model (GLM) and the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) models were employed in the study. A qualitative enquiry was used to gather data from three offenders, two parolees and four educators, who were purposively selected. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were done with offenders, parolees were reached by phone, and educators completed an online questionnaire. The key findings indicate that non-adherence and non-compliance with the ORP process as part of offender rehabilitation, a limited budget for school activities, a shortage of specialist educators, the closure of the offender skills training workshop, and insufficient learner teacher support materials (LTSM) are some of the factors contributing to DCS’s inability to honour its rehabilitative agenda through the provision of VET programmes. As a result, at the national level, the DCS Directorate of Skills Development must offer primarily financial assistance and competent staff to handle the bulk of challenges encountered at the correctional centre level within management areas. The DCS must also extend its relationships with public and private companies to aid them in their reintegration efforts to locate work for parolees so that they may fully reintegrate into society.Izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi eNingizimu Afrika lingelinye eliphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Abakade benecala bathinteke kakhulu kulesi simo njengoba abaqashi bengafuni ukuqasha abantu abanerekhodi lobugebengu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uMnyango Wezinkonzo Zokuhlunyeleliswa Kwezimilo (i-DCS) uqinisekise ukuthi, lapho bededelwa, izephula-mthetho zihlonyiswe ngokugcwele ngamakhono yemisebenzi ukuzenza zikwazi ukuzimela noma zikwazi ukuqashwa. Uma labo ababezephula umthetho bengenawo amakhono yemisebenzi, bangabuyela ebugebengwini njengendlela yokusinda. Ukuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo okuyimpumelelo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwabenzi bobubi kuncike ekusetshenzisweni ngendlela efanele nasekusetshenzisweni kwenqubomgomo ye-Offender Rehabilitation Path (ORP) yibo bonke ababambiqhaza abafanelekile. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuhlola ukuhlinzekwa kwezinhlelo zemfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi yezandla (VET) esikhungweni sokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo endaweni yabaphathi ngokombono wokuvuselela. Ucwaningo lusebenzise Imodeli Yokuphila Okuhle (i-GLM) kanye nethiyori yemodeli ye-Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR). Kwasetshenziswa uphenyo olusezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kuqoqwe imininingwane kubaphuli mthetho abathathu, ababili abakhululwe ngoshwele kanye nothisha abane, ababekhethwe ngenhloso. Izingxoxiswano ezingahlelekile zenziwa ubuso nobuso nezaphula-mthetho, kwaxhunyanwa nabakhululwe ngoshwele ngocingo futhi othisha baphendula kuhlu lwemibuzo oluku-inthanethi. Okutholakele okubalulekile kukhombisa ukuthi ukungalandelwa kwemithetho kanye nokungahambisani nenqubo ye-ORP njengengxenye yokuhlunyeleliswa kwezigilamkhuba, isabelomali esilinganiselwe semisebenzi yesikole, ukushoda kothisha abangochwepheshe, ukuvalwa komhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi lokuqeqeshwa kwabenzi bobubi, kanye nezinsizakusebenza ezinganele zokuxhasa abafundi. (I-LTSM) ngezinye zezinto ezinomthelela ekungakwazini kwe-DCS ukuhlonipha i-ajenda yayo yokuvuselela ngokuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo ze-VET ngaphakathi kwezikhungo zayo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-DCS Directorate of Skills Development ezingeni likazwelonke kufanele inikeze ngokuyinhloko usizo lwezezimali kanye nabasebenzi abanekhono ukuze babhekane neningi lezindaba okuhlangatshezwane nazo ezingeni lesikhungo sokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo ezindaweni zokuphatha. I-DCS kufanele futhi inwebe ubudlelwano bayo nezinkampani zikahulumeni nezizimele ukuze izisize emizamweni yazo yokubuyisela esimweni sokuhlangana ukuze bathole umsebenzi wabakhululwe ngoshwele ukuze baphinde bahlangane ngokugcwele emphakathini.Die werkloosheidsyfer in Suid-Afrika is van die hoogste ter wêreld. Oud-oortreders word swaar getref in hierdie scenario aangesien werkgewers nie gretig is om individue met 'n kriminele rekord in diens te neem nie. Daarom is dit noodsaaklik dat die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste (DKD) verseker dat, by vrylating, oortreders ten volle toegerus is met bemarkbare vaardighede om hulle óf selfonderhoudend óf indiensneembaar te maak. As oud-oortreders nie vaardighede en bevoegdhede het nie, kan hulle terugkeer na misdadigheid as 'n oorlewingsmaatreël. Suksesvolle rehabilitasie en herintegrasie van oortreders maak staat op die behoorlike gebruik en implementering van die Oortreder-rehabilitasiepad- (ORP-) beleid deur alle relevante belanghebbendes. Hierdie studie poog om die verskaffing van beroepsonderwys- en opleidingsprogramme in 'n korrektiewe sentrum binne 'n bestuursarea vanuit 'n rehabilitatiewe perspektief te ondersoek. Die studie het die Good Lives Model (GLM) en die Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) modelteorieë gebruik. ’n Kwalitatiewe ondersoek is gebruik om data van drie oortreders, twee paroolvrygesteldes en vier opvoeders, wat doelbewus gekies is, in te samel. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is van aangesig tot aangesig met oortreders gevoer, paroolgangers is telefonies gekontak en die opvoeders het aanlyn op 'n vraelys gereageer. Die sleutelbevindinge dui daarop dat nie-nakoming van die ORP-proses as deel van oortreder-rehabilitasie, 'n beperkte begroting vir skoolaktiwiteite, 'n tekort aan spesialis-opvoeders, die sluiting van die oortredervaardigheidsopleidingswerkswinkel en onvoldoende leerderonderwyserondersteuningsmateriaal (LOOM) van die faktore wat bydra tot die DKD se onvermoë om sy rehabilitatiewe agenda te eerbiedig deur die verskaffing van beroepsonderwys- en opleidingsprogramme binne sy korrektiewe sentrums. Gevolglik moet die DKD Direktoraat Vaardigheidsontwikkeling op nasionale vlak, hoofsaaklik finansiële bystand en bekwame personeel, bied om die meerderheid van die kwessies wat op die korrektiewe-sentrumvlak binne bestuursgebiede teëgekom word, te hanteer. Die DKD moet ook sy verhoudings met openbare en private maatskappye uitbrei om hulle te help in hulle herintegrasiepogings om werk vir paroolgangers op te spoor sodat hulle ten volle by die samelewing kan herintegreer.M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)Psychology of Educatio