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Strategies to support school-going adolescents living with parents diagnosed with mental disorders
Get PDFParents diagnosed with mental disorders often find it difficult to support their children
due to their diagnosis and symptoms. The study aimed to develop strategies to support
school-going adolescents living with parents diagnosed with mental disorders.
The study was conducted at clinics and high schools in the Capricorn district in
Limpopo province. A qualitative, grounded theory approach guided the study. Phase
one sought to explore and describe the experiences of school-going adolescents living
with parents diagnosed with mental disorders, the experiences of parents diagnosed
with mental disorders, and the experiences of teachers as educators of these
adolescents. Purposive sampling was used, and data were collected using semi structured face-to-face interviews with 12 school-going adolescents, 12 parents
diagnosed with mental disorders, and focus group discussions with 36 teachers as
educators of these adolescents. A constant comparison method was used to analyse
the data.
Three themes emerged. Theme one described difficulties related to support, namely
matters that hamper the ability to provide support to school-going adolescents in the
home environment; lack of professional support; lack of support from extended family
members, friends, neighbours and community. There were, however, also positive
aspects of support. Theme two focused on issues related to the school environment,
namely poor school performance, poor class attendance, psychosocial issues and
inclusive education concerns. In theme three, the way forward is discussed to culminate in a better future for school-going adolescents living with parents diagnosed
with mental disorders.
The outcome of the qualitative, grounded theory approach resulted in the researcher
constructing a conceptual framework that uncovered the dynamics of support for
school-going adolescents living with parents diagnosed with mental disorders.
Phase two of the study sought to develop and evaluate strategies to support school going adolescents living with parents diagnosed with mental disorders.Ph. D. (Nursing)Health Studie
Caring for the careers: A psychosocial support model for healthcare workers during a pandemic
No full textBackground: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has further placed
additional stress on the already fragile and overstretched healthcare system in Zimbabwe.
Most healthcare institutions reported staff shortages, inability to cope with the extra workload,
burnout and the resultant psychological implications.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop a psychosocial support model that sustains a support
structure that will contribute to an enabling work environment promoting efficiency and
effectiveness in response to public health emergencies.
Method: Empirical findings from interpretive phenomenological analysis studies on healthcare
workers’ experiences during the COVID-19 in Zimbabwe formed the basis for model
development. The model development in this study was informed by the work of Donabedian,
Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach, Walker and Avant, Chinn, Kramer and Wilkes.
Results: The developed model is described using the elements of Donabedian’s framework
(structure, process and outcome) and of Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach’s (1968) practice
theory elements (agents, recipients, context, process, dynamics and outcome) and within the
national and international context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: The fragile and under-resourced healthcare system has psychosocial implications
to the well-being of healthcare workers. The utilisation of this model is critical and facilitates
the provision of an enabling and supportive environment that facilitates efficiency in response
activities during pandemics.
Contribution: This study provides a reference guide in the provision of psychosocial support
for healthcare workers particularly during public health emergencies. There is paucity of
evidence focusing on the well-being of healthcare workers during a crisis, hence the significance
of this studyCollege of Human Science
Facile solvent-free modified biochar for removal of mixed steroid hormones and heavy metals: isotherm and kinetic studies
No full textAbstract
Water contamination has become a global challenge to human survival. Non-biodegradable heavy metal cations and steroid hormones could accumulate in the human body and could result in serious health problems. In this study, we prepared biochar from waste shells of African star apples and modified biochar using a solvent-free ball milling facile method. The X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed biochar functional groups in C=C, C–O, and C=O. Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) was used to determine the surface area, the surface area of ball-milled biochar obtained at 550 °C (BASA550) increased from 174 m2/g to 304 m2/g after modification. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms best described the experimental adsorption data with RL < 1 and 1/n < 1 and a high degree of agreement of R2 data; Langmuir (R2 = 0.9291–0.9992) and Freundlich (R2 = 0.9077–0.9974). The adsorption kinetic studies using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models revealed that the pseudo-second-order model accurately described the adsorption process). The application of the BASA550 for treating wastewater samples showed a good percentage of removal. The removal percentage for cadmium, nickel, and lead was recorded as 92.96%, 90.89%, and 90.29%, respectively. The percentage removal in the influent and effluent were found to be 85.06%, 83.87%, 84.73%, and 89.37%, 86.48%, and 87.40%, respectively. The maximum percentage removal of steroid hormones from ultrapure water ranged from 84.20 to 89.63%, while from the spiked effluent and influent the percentage removal of 78.91–87.81% and 73.58–84.51% were obtained. The reusability of the ball-milled biochar was investigated and the result showed that the adsorbent (BASA550) had a good reusability potential for the first four cycles.
Graphical Abstrac
Small-scale farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change in rural Etete, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
No full textClimate change is, undoubtedly, a major challenge confronting humanity partly because its
causes are multiple and complex, and its impacts can be uncertain and interrelated. No sector of the global economy has been more adversely affected by climate change than agriculture, especially in developing countries. This is primarily because most agricultural activities are rain-fed. This study set out to critically analyze the constraints towards adapting to climatic and non-climatic risks. This study is significant towards capturing the full complexity of farmers’ engagement with the phenomenon of climate change in resource-poor environments.
This study employed a mixed methods approach to determine constraints to effective
implementation of climate change adaptation strategies. Primary data was gathered from the study participants in Etete through the use of seventy-four (74) questionnaires, and ten (10) telephonic semi-structured interviews. Site observations were conducted through transects walks. Data obtained from the interviews were analyzed thematically while data obtained from the surveys were analyzed using SPSS to develop the main themes for this study. Study results suggest that no systematic implementation of climate change adaptation strategies was enacted through government initiatives due to inadequate inclusion of stakeholders such as involved extension officers, lack of working facilities and political interference in the policy formulation process. The findings also show that farmers in Etete employ self-directed adaptation strategies such as growing drought-tolerant and early maturing crops, strategies such as intercropping and the use of crop rotation. However, effective adaptation through those strategies is limited by the absence of proper training and input from extension services as well as limited awareness of climate-smart agriculture by the farmers. The outcome of this research is expected to impart and develop a body of knowledge to equip planners, policy makers, local government, and
academia with an understanding of the dynamics related to local livelihoods and how they are d due to climate change. With their focus on improving the relevance of extension
advice through farmer’s participation and staff training, these approaches could contribute to a significant improvement of the impact of extension.M. Sc. (Environmental Management)Environmental Science
Operational risk management guidelines for Ghanaian banks to advance Basel III compliance
Get PDFThe 2007-2008 global financial crisis (GFC) exposed the shortcomings and inefficiencies of the global banking system, and these weaknesses were not limited to only one country or economy. In addition, the financial crisis shook the faith of governments and investors in banking systems across the globe; this faith has yet to be restored.
To address the problems in the global banking system, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) published the Basel III regulatory framework (Basel III) to improve the resilience of banks and enhance the financial stability and sustainability of the global financial system. Research furthermore confirmed that banks’ ineffective operational risk management practices were one of the principal causes of the 2007-2008 GFC. However, the Basel III operational risk management requirements were primarily designed for internationally active banks and add considerable complexity to banks’ operations, making it exceptionally challenging for them to comply with its requirements, particularly for banks operating in developing African countries.
However, the Ghanaian banking sector, experienced another banking crisis in 2018 and has since been focused on implementing the requirements of Basel II. Unfortunately, Ghanaian banks find implementing the Basel III operational risk management requirements challenging because of its complexity, high compliance cost, poor supervisory guidance, cultural issues, poor risk governance, and a lack of human resources. Therefore, this study was to assist Ghanaian banks in improving their operational risk management practices and increasing their level of compliance with the operational risk management requirements of Basel III and consequently experience improvements in their risk resilience, financial stability and sustainability.
The empirical analyses were based on survey data collected through a self-designed questionnaire distributed among Ghanaian bank personnel with specialised knowledge and experience in operational risk management, risk governance and compliance, bank supervision and implementing the Basel regulatory frameworks. The data analyses included descriptive- and inferential statistical techniques, by means of the Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test and multiple regression analysis. The findings indicated that Ghanaian banks could enhance their level of operational risk management compliance by improving their risk governance and risk culture infrastructures, as these key improvements will increase the optimal functioning of their operational risk management practices. By implementing the guidelines provided by the study, Ghanaian banks will enhance their level of compliance with the Basel III regulatory framework and therefore also experience improvements in the financial stability and sustainability of the country’s banks.D. Phil. (Management Studies (Finance, Risk Management and Banking))Finance, Risk Management and Bankin
Investigating the effect of different coir substrates on the growth, yield and biochemical constituents of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. Esculentum)
Get PDFFruit crops depend on the quality of the substrate for improved development, yield and
nutrient content. To assure higher crop quality and to answer year-round market
demand, most producers employ organic substrate for greenhouse crop cultivation.
Due to its regenerative nature, coconut coir, an organic substate made from the
mesocarp or exterior husk of coconut fruit, provides advantages not only for crop
cultivation but also, by being renewable, for the environment as well. The goal of the
study was to ascertain the impact of two coconut coir substrate types (Profit and
Power) on the development, production and biochemical components of tomato fruit
produced in a greenhouse setting. Evaluated elements included plant physiology and
yield such as plant height, stem diameter, fruit length and count and harvest index as
well as plant biochemical components such as fruit protein, carbohydrate, vitamin,
lycopene, phenolic, flavonoid and nutrient content. Results indicated that tomato plant
cultivation in coconut coir (Power) resulted in increased fruit number production and
an increase in biochemical content such as vitamin C and lycopene compared to the
other cultivation treatments. Cultivation in coconut coir (Profit) showed a relative
increase in harvest index compared to the other treatments. Overall, growing
tomatoes in coconut coir (Power) substrate increased yield, nutrient-dense fruit and
farmers are urged to grow tomato fruit on this coconut coir to realise an increase in
superior tomato crop output and increase in profit from tomato cultivation in a
greenhouse environment. However, costs and availability in terms of quantity should
be considered.Dibjalo tša dikenywa di laolwa ke boleng bja lefelo la go bjalela gore di gole bokaone,
di enywe le go ba le phepo ya boleng. Bontši bja batšweletši ba kgetha go šomiša
lefelo la tlhago go bjala dibjalo tša ka gare ga moago go netefatša gore go ba le boleng
bjo bokaone go fihlelela nyakego ya mebaraka ngwaga ka moka. Faepa ya
khokhonate ke lefelo la go bjalela leo le tšweletšwago ka tlhago leo le nago le magapi
a ka ntle goba mesokhapo ya kenywa ya khokhonate ebile e bonwa e na le dikholego
go tikologo ka lebaka la go šomišwa leswa ga yona. Maikemišetšo a dinyakišišo tše e
bile go tseba seabe sa mehuta ye e fapafapanego ya lefelo la go bjalela la faepa ya
khokhonate le a (e lego ya poelo le ya maatla) kgolo, tšweletšo le diteng tša
dipayokhemikhale tša tamati ka seemong sa ntlo ya go bjalela. Dilo tše di
fapafapanego tša go swana le palo ya dikenywa, dipalopalo mabapi le puno,
dibithamene, le laesophine di ile tša sekasekwa. Dinyakišišo di utollotše gore faepa
ya khokhonate (maatla) e bile le dipalo tše ntši tša dikenywa ge e bapetšwa le ditswaki
tše dingwe tša mobu wa dibjalo. Dipalopalo mabapi le puno di bile tše kgolo go faepa
ya khokhonate (poelo) ge go bapetšwa le ditswaki tše dingwe tša mobu wa dibjalo.
Dikenywa tše di bjetšwego go faepa ya khokhonate (maatla) di bile le maemo a
godingwana a dibithamene C le laesophine ge di bapetšwa le ditswaki tše dingwe. Ka
fao, dipoelo tša dinyakišišo di laetša gore faepa ya khokhonate (maatla) e okeditše
palo ya dikenywa ge go bapetšwa le ditswaki tše dingwe. Diteng tša dipayokhemikhale
tša go swana le dibithamene le laesophine di bile godimo ka dikenyweng tša ditamati
tšeo di bjetšwego go faepa ya khokhonate (maatla) go feta ditswaki tše dingwe. Bjale
re ka tšea gore go bjala ditamati go lefelo la go bjalela la faepa ya khokhonate (maatla)
go tla feletša ka tšweletšo ya godingwana le dikenywa tše di tletšego ka phepo. Balemi ba hlohleletšwa go bjala kenywa ya tamati ba šomišwa lefelo la go bjalela la faepa ya
khokhonate (maatla) go hwetša puno ya godingwana, tšweletšo ya boleng le koketšo
ya poelo ka fase ga maemo a ntlo ya go bjalela.Izitshalo zezithelo zincike kuwungqimba lokhethelo ukuze zikhule kangcono, isivuno
kanye nezinga lokudla okunempilo. Abakhiqizi abaningi bakhetha ukusetshenziswa
kokudla noma izindlela zokulima ezikhiqizwe noma ezibandakanya ukukhiqizwa
ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umanyolo wamakhemikhali, ukuze kutshalwe izitshalo
ezibamba ukushisa kubuye kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi engcono ukuhlangabezana
nesidingo semakethe unyaka wonke. Ifayiba yemvelo ekhishwe ekhobeni
langaphandle likakhukhunathi iwumkhiqizo oyingqimba okhiqizwa ngokwemzelo
ekhiqizwa ngokuphilayo equkethe ikhoba lwangaphandle noma ungqimba olune fayiba phakathi nendawo yesithelo sikakhukhunathi futhi ibhekwa njengenzuzo
yemvelo ngenxa yemvelo yayo evuselelekayo. Inhloso yocwaningo kwakuwukuthola
umthelela wezinhlobo ezahlukene zongqimba lwekhukhunathi (inzuzo namandla)
ekukhuleni, ekuvuneni kanye nezakhi zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo zesithelo
sikatamatisi esitshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Izinguquko ezifana nenombolo
yezithelo, inkomba yokuvuna, amavithamini, nelayikhophini ziye zahlolwa. Ucwaningo
luveze ukuthi ifayiba yemvelo ekhishwe ekhobeni langaphandle likakhukhunathi
(amandla) yayinezinombolo zezithelo eziningi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela
zokwelapha. Inkomba yokuvuna ibiphezulu kuyifayiba yemvelo ekhishwe ekhobeni
langaphandle likakhukhunathi (inzuzo) uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela
zokwelapha. Isithelo esikhuliswe ngaphansi kukakhukhunathi (amandla)
sasinamazinga aphezulu kavithamini C kanye nelikhophini uma siqhathaniswa
nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Amakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo ezifana
namavithamini kanye ne-likhophini zaziphezulu esithelweni sikatamatisi esitshalwe
ngaphansi kwekhoyili kakhukhunathi (amandla) kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ngakho-ke kungatholakala ukuthi ukukhulisa utamatisi ngaphansi kongqimba
lwefayiba yemvelo ekhishwe ekhobeni langaphandle likakhukhunathi (amandla)
kuzoholela ekuvuneni okuphezulu kanye nezithelo eziminyene ezinomsoco. Abalimi
bayakhuthazwa ukuthi balime isithelo sikatamatisi besebenzisa iungqimba lwefayiba
yemvelo ekhishwe ekhobeni langaphandle likakhukhunathi (amandla) ukuze bathole
isivuno esiphezulu, umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokwandisa inzuzo
ngaphansi kwezimo zendawo ezibamba ukushisa.M. Sc. (Agriculture)Agriculture and Animal Healt
Federated social networking sites as a tool for elearning: a case of Midlands State University in Zimbabwe
Get PDFText in EnglishThe literature shows a surge in social networking sites, users of social networking sites, the frequency of visits to social networking sites and the time spent on each visit. This calls for a paradigm shift from asynchronous to synchronous means of communication. Asynchronous communication is being used worldwide, particularly for online lectures, business meetings, business launches or mere communication. However, some of the literature has expressed concerns about the challenges of the effect of social networking sites on students, including time spent on social networking sites for non-academic purposes, which may negatively affect their academic performance. Even though it would be futile to explore detaching the upcoming generation from social networking sites, capitalising on such a challenge is certainly a research opportunity.
Accordingly, this study suggests an appropriate and effective solution by proposing the federation of social networking sites as an eLearning tool in universities. This is accomplished by recommending a framework that leverages existing social networking sites’ capabilities by aggregating communication channels to facilitate eLearning. Even though there are many eLearning frameworks in the literature, including some federated eLearning frameworks, this study specifically investigates the cutting-edge social networking sites that are increasingly used seamlessly as mobile applications and, therefore, need to be embedded in eLearning systems to achieve their added benefits.
Research objectives and questions were formulated to assess the typology of social networking sites on the one hand and the extant eLearning frameworks and their contributions to the educational system on the other to achieve the main purpose of this study. The analysis of the outcome of findings from research questions linked to the foregoing objectives paved the way for the development of three different types of federated frameworks as eLearning tools in higher and tertiary educational institutions, these were further developed into a conceptual framework, a hybrid federated social networking sites for eLearning (HFSNS4eL).
Our proposed conceptual hybrid framework was considered for further evaluation by key stakeholders in the eLearning value chain. To this end, an intensive survey was conducted and data collected from participants in the survey were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively, resulting in some improvement of the framework. The study contributes not only to the body of knowledge on information systems and applications to social networking in general but has provided a solution to problems associated with SNSs use in higher educational institutions, an HFSNS4eL and the use of cheaper means of data communications in education.Ph. D. (Information Systems)School of Computin
Contextual factors influencing higher education institution academics' well- being and adjustment during organisational systems and process changes
Get PDFThis study explores the contextual factors influencing the well-being and adjustment of academics at higher education institutions (HEIs) during organisational system and process changes. The research was conducted at a residential university, and purposive sampling was used to select permanently employed academics from the level of junior lecturer to that of professor. The data collection complied with COVID-19 regulations, which only permitted online semi-structured interviews to be conducted and recorded on MS Teams. Academics shared their lived experiences on the research phenomenon, and research themes and sub-themes were created to draw conclusions from the research findings. The conclusions that were drawn from the study revealed that organisational system and process changes negatively impacted academics’ well-being and adjustment. The academics described, among other things, how they experienced a lack of psychological support during organisational system and process changes. Therefore, the study presents recommendations to HEIs, human resource professionals, industrial and organisational psychologists, change management specialists and line managers on how to better inform HEIs policies and practices to best support academics and ensure their healthy well-being and adjustment during organisational system and process.Esi sifundo siphonononga iimeko ezinefuthe kwintlalontle nokuzihlengahlengisa kweengcali zemfundo kumazikho emfundo ephakamileyo (HEIs) ngexesha lokubakho kweenguqu kwinkqubo elandelwa kula maziko. Uphando luqhutywe kwiyunivesithi eneendawo zokuhlala zabafundi. Kwathathwa isampulu ekhethwe ngononophelo ekukhetheni iingcali eziqeshwe isigxina kumazinga aqala kubahlohli abasaqalayo ukuya kutsho kwiinjingalwazi. Idatha yaqokelelwa phantsi kwemiqathango nemithetho yeCOVID-19, eyayivumela kuphela iindliwano ndlebe ezenziwa kumaza eintanethi zaza zashicilelwa kwinkqubo yeMS Teams. Iingcali zabelana ngamava azo kwimiba yophando, kwaza kwaqulunqwa imixholo nemixholwana apho kwathathwa izigqibo emva kokufumanisa izinto ngezinto kuphando. Izigqibo ekwafikelelwa kuzo kwesi sifundo zadiza ukuba iinguqu zeenkqubo ziyichaphazela kakubi intlalontle yeengcali nendlela abazihlengahlengisa ngayo. Phakathi kwezinto ezathethwa ziingcali, kwabakho ukuchaza indlela ezingafumani ngayo inkxaso yengqondo nomphefumlo xa kungena iingququ zeenkqubo. Ngoko ke esi sifundo sinika iingcebiso kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo, kwiingcali ezisebenza ngeemeko ezingqonge abaqweshwa kunye nemiba yengqesho jikelele, iingcali zesimo sengqondo nomphefumlo kumaqumrhu neendawo ekusetyenzwa kuzo, iingcali zolawulo lwenguqu kunye nabaphathi bamacandelo asemsebenzini. Ezi ngcebiso zimalunga neendlela ekunokuphuculwa ngazo imigaqo nkqubo nemisebenzi yala maziko ukwenzela ukuba iingcali zifumane inkxaso ekhokelela kwintlalo entle nasekuzihlengahlengiseni bezilungiselela ngamaxesha enguqu yemigaqo nkqubo kumaziko amfundo ephakamileyo.Hierdie studie ondersoek die kontekstuele faktore wat die welstand en aanpassing van akademici by hoëronderwysinstellings beïnvloed tydens veranderinge aan organisasiestelsels en -prosesse. Die navorsing is by ’n residensiële universiteit gedoen, en doelbewuste steekproefneming is ingespan om akademici in vaste diens – van juniordosent- tot professorvlak – te kies. Die data-insameling het aan COVID-19-regulasies voldoen, dus was slegs aanlyn halfgestruktureerde onderhoude wat via MS Teams gevoer en opgeneem is, toelaatbaar. Akademici het hul geleefde ervarings van die navorsingsfenomeen gedeel, en navorsingstemas en substemas is saamgestel om gevolgtrekkings op grond van die navorsingsbevindinge te maak. Die gevolgtrekkings wat na aanleiding van die studie gemaak is, het getoon dat veranderinge aan organisasiestelsels en -prosesse ’n negatiewe impak op akademici se welstand en aanpassing gehad het. Die akademici het onder andere beskryf hoedat hulle ’n gebrek aan sielkundige ondersteuning ervaar het tydens organisasiestelsel- en prosesveranderinge. Daarom maak hierdie studie aanbevelings vir hoëronderwysinstellings, mensehulpbronpraktisyns, bedryf- en organisasiesielkundiges, veranderingbestuurspesialiste en lynbestuurders oor hoe die beleide van hoëronderwysinstellings beter toegepas kan word om akademici so goed moontlik te ondersteun en hul welstand en gesonde aanpassing by organisasiestelsels en -prosesse te verseker.M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)Industrial and Organisational Psycholog
Examining a political ecology of illegal sand mining and the socio-environmental conflicts in Harare Metropolitan Province, Zimbabwe
No full textText in EnglishGlobally, sand accounts for approximately 30 percent of global annual solid material
consumption, mainly for construction purposes. Sadly, about 50 billion tons of sand is mined illegally especially in developing regions such as Africa where there are high levels of unemployment, poverty and low standards of living. This has resulting in a myriad of socioenvironmental problems such as environmental degradation, poor stakeholder relations and social malpractices. In Zimbabwe, most open spaces in urban and peri-urban areas are exploited for sand or gravel mining. In Harare Province, in which the capital city lies, areas such as Hopley farm, Retreat Farm, Waterfalls, Epworth and Chitungwiza have become havens of illegal sand mining. Unfortunately, the illicit and indiscriminate nature of sand mining activities have created conflict between the various stakeholders including central and local government, civil society, local community members, industry and the illegal sand miners. The few available studies on illegal sand mining, in Zimbabwe have narrowly focused on either causes or impacts of illegal sand mining without exploring the broader and intertwined issues such as governance and the political ecology, and the socio-environmental conflicts associated with illegal sand mining. Having recognised this gap in the literature, this study examines the various interconnected social, economic, political and environmental issues that underpin illegal sand mining in Zimbabwe by conducting a qualitative study in the three areas of Epworth, Retreat Farm and Zengeza east. The study is premised on the political ecology framework, reflexive governance framework, land resource theory and stakeholder theory. The political ecology framework informs the study in establishing the interconnected social,
political and economic issues on illegal sand mining and conflicts. Similarly, the study utilises the land resource conflict theory to explain conflict that emerge over land use, in this case for the purpose of sand mining. The stakeholder theory explains the utility of stakeholder
collaboration in achieving socio-environmental sustainability in the sand mining sector while reflexive governance guides the study in analysing how existing sand governance actions are relevant in addressing illegal sand mining and conflicts in Zimbabwe at large.
By way of empirical investigation, study participants were purposively selected from various sectors including the local government, non-governmental organisations, industry, illegal sand miners and local communities. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews including face-to-face and telephone interviews, observation and document analysis. Results of the study indicate that illegal sand mining is driven by a set of economic, social and political factors such as poor government policies (land reform policy and indigenisation policy), unemployment, urbanisation, poor national economic performance and declining standards of living of local communities. Emerging impacts include environmental degradation, land use alterations, social malpractices and safety and health problems. The combination of these issues acts as a catalyst in generating social and environmental conflict in Zimbabwe. The study noted limited stakeholder engagement in addressing illegal sand mining and conflicts. However, poor enforcement, corruption, limited stakeholder engagement in design, implementation and evaluation processes hinder reflexive governance of illegal sand mining in Zimbabwe. A study conclusion emphasises the need for efficient and effective reflexive governance and stakeholder engagement for social, environmental and economic sustainability in the sector.
In practice, the study recommends the adoption of a systematic approach to achieving
sustainable sand mining by engaging various stakeholders such as the local community, civil society, government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). As supported by the stakeholder theory, such stakeholders are key to the planning, implementation and review of programs and actions that address the illegal sand mining problems in Zimbabwe. The study also proposes that the government regulate this informal activity, designate more land for sand mining and incentivise sustainable sand mining by local community members. Furthermore, the study recommends the introduction of an extractive sector fund to support programs for sustainable sand mining.Ph. D. (Environment Management)College of Agriculture and Environmental Science
Factors influencing secondary school teachers’ behavioural intentions to accept the use of WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching in Mopani District Limpopo Province
No full textAbstracts in English, Tsonga and Northern SothoUsing WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching has proven to be effective in emergency remote teaching pandemic. However, some teachers are hesitant to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching for reasons arising from various factors. This study extended and applied the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 to investigate the factors influencing secondary school teachers’ behavioural intention to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching in the Namakgale Circuit in the Limpopo province of South Africa. Understanding the factors that influence teachers’ behavioural intention to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching is key to successful implementation of emergency remote teaching using WhatsApp. Data were collected quantitively using an online anonymous questionnaire from a convenient sample of 215 teachers from seven secondary schools in the Namakgale Circuit. Descriptive statistics using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 28 and covariance-based structural equation modelling using Analysis of Moment Structures version 28 were employed to analyse the data. The results revealed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, teaching value, habit and self-efficacy significantly influence behavioural intention to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching, while attitude towards use and personal innovativeness do not significantly influence behavioural intention to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching. Surprisingly, habit was the best factor predicting behavioural intention to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching. It is recommended that schools and the Department of Basic Education strengthen the factors that influence teachers’ behavioural intentions to accept and use WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching and ensure that they are met to enhance teachers’ acceptance and use of WhatsApp for emergency remote teaching.Ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla swi kombisile ku va leswi pfunaka eka ku tiyisisa ku ya emahlweni ka dyondzo hi nkarhi wa ku pfariwa ka swikolo hikwalaho ka ntungu wa COVID-19. Hambiswiritano, vadyondzisi van'wana va kanakana ku amukela na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla hi swivangelo leswi tumbulukaka ku suka eka timhaka to hambanahambana. Dyondzo leyi yi engeterile/lehisile na ku tirhisa Unified Theory of Acceptance na ku Tirhisa Technology 2 ku lavisisa timhaka leti kucetelaka xikongomelo xa mahanyelo ya vadyondzisi va xikolo xa sekondari xo amukela na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla eka Sekhete ya Namakgale eka xifundzakulu xa Limpopo eAfrika Dzonga. Ku twisisa timhaka leti kucetelaka xikongomelo xa mahanyelo ya vadyondzisi xo amukela na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla i swa nkoka eka ku simekiwa hi ndlela yo humelela madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla hi ku tirhisa WhatsApp. Datara yi hlengeletiwile hi ndlela ya nhlayo hi ku tirhisa nongonoko wa swivutiso swa online leswi nga tivekeku ku suka eka sampulu leyi olovaka ya 215 wa vadyondzisi vo huma eka swikolo swa kombo swa sekondari eka Sekhete ya Namakgale. Tihlayonhlayo leti hlamuselaka hi ku tirhisa Phakeji ya Tinhlayonhlayo ta Sayense ya Vanhu ya vhexini ya 28 na maendlelo yo hambanahambana lama kongomisaka eka ku pima ku hambana hi ku tirhisa Nxopaxopo wa Swivumbeko swa Nkarhi vhexini ya 28 swi tirhisiwile ku xopaxopa datara.Mbuyelo wu humeserile erivaleni leswaku ku languteriwa ka matirhelo, ku languteriwa ka matshalatshala, nkucetelo wa vanhu, swiyimo swo olovisa, nsusumeto wo enerisa, nkoka wo dyondzisa, ntolovelo na vutitshembhi swi kucetela hi ndlela ya nkoka xikongomelo xa mahanyelo yo amukela na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla , loko mavonelo ehenhla ka ku tirhisa vutumbuluxi bya munhu hi yexe ya nga kuceteli xikongomelo xa mahanyelo yo amukela na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla. Xo hlamarisa, ntolovelo a ku ri yona mhaka leyi vhumbheke xikongomelo xa mahanyelo yo amukela na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla. Swa bumabumeriwa leswaku swikolo na Ndzawulo ya Dyondzo ya le Hansi swi tiyisisa timhaka leti kucetelaka xikongomelo xa mahanyelo ya vadyondzisi yo amukela ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla na ku tiyisisa leswaku swa fikeleriwa ku tlakusa ku amukela ka vadyondzisi na ku tirhisa WhatsApp eka madyondziselo ya le kule ya xihatla.Go somisa WhatsApp go thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso go ipontshitse gore go soma gabotse go kgonthisa tswelopele ya thuto nakong ya go tswalelwa ga dikolo ka lebaka la leuba la COVID-19. Le ge go le bjalo, barutisi ba bangwe ba sa dikadika go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso ka mabaka a go fapafapana. Nyakisiso ye e okeditse le go somisa Teori ye e Kopantswego ya Kamogelo le Tshomiso ya Theknolotsi 2 go nyakisisa mabaka ao a huetsago maikemisetso a boitshwaro bja barutisi ba dikolo tsa sekontari a go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso ka Tikologong ya Namakgale ka profentsheng ya Limpopo ka Afrika Borwa. Go kwesisa mabaka ao a huetsago maikemisetso a boitshwaro bja barutisi a go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso go bohlokwa go phethagatso ye e atlegilego ya thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso ka go somisa WhatsApp. Datha e kgobokeditswe ka mokgwa wa khwanthithethifi ka go somisa lenaneopotsiso la inthanete leo le se nago leina go tswa go sampole ye lego maleba ya barutisi ba 215 go tswa dikolong tse supa tsa sekontari ka Tikologong ya Namakgale. Dipalopalo tse di hlalosago ka go somisa mohuta wa 28 wa Phaketse ya Dipalopalo ya Disaense tsa Leago le go dira mmotlolo wa tekano ya sebopego woo o theilwego godimo ga kamano ka go somisa mohuta wa 28 wa Tshekatsheko ya Dibopego tsa Potlako di somisitswe go sekaseka datha. Dipoelo di utulotse gore tetelo ya mosomo, tetelo ya maitapiso, khuetso ya leago, maemo a kgonagatso, tlhohleletso ya lethabo, boleng bja go ruta, setlwaedi le boitshepho di huetsa kudu maikemisetso a boitshwaro a go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso, mola maikutlo a go somisa le boitlhamelo bja motho ka nosi ga a huetse kudu maikemisetso a boitshwaro a go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso. Se se makatsago, setlwaedi e be e le selo se sebotse kudu seo se bonelagopele maikemisetso a boitshwaro a go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso. Go sisinywa gore dikolo le Kgoro ya Thuto ya Motheo di matlafatse mabaka ao a huetsago maikemisetso a boitshwaro bja barutisi a go amogela le go somisa WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso le go kgonthisa gore a fihlelelwa go godisa kamogelo ya barutisi le tshomiso ya WhatsApp go phethagatsa thuto ya rimoute ya tshoganetso.D. Phil. (Information and Communication Technology in Education)Science and Technology Educatio