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Awareness and usage of open educational resources by students studying early childhood development at a private higher education institution
No full textAbstract in English, Afrikaans and XhosaThe rising cost of education has seen many students who cannot afford textbooks struggle to pass or complete their studies. Many institutions are picking up on this and adopting the use of Open Educational Resources as teaching materials at no extra cost to students. Open educational resources are freely available materials for teaching and learning that are available in the public space for students and instructors to use at no extra cost. With the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown, institutions of learning scrambled to implement online learning, which resulted in many institutions taking to online learning and teaching either fully or partially with a hybrid or blended learning approach. Adapting material in traditional textbooks for the online environment has become a significant aspect of online learning. Students paying for expensive textbooks that they must carry around to class is quickly becoming a thing of the past. The research included students studying Early Childhood Development (ECD) at a Private Higher Education Institution through a hybrid or blended learning approach. This means students attended face-to-face as well as online classes for the duration of their studies. The ECD department of the HEI where this study was conducted uses OER to enhance the learning experience for students. The students’ awareness and usage of OER has however not been previously examined. The research examines the relationship between OER awareness, use, access and learning for ECD students at Private HEI in South Africa using two-part conceptual framework derived from Chen and Panda and adapted by Arcebuche’s study to determine the students’ awareness and usage of OER students at the University of the Philippines Open University. This study of limited scope adopted qualitative research with a case-study approach. A survey questionnaire with mainly open questions was designed, and a pilot study was conducted with five nonparticipants to determine if the questions intended for the data collection were suitable. Responses to the qualitative questionnaire were gathered through Google Forms. Purposive sampling was done to collect data from fifteen students who studied ECD. The analysis of the study was done through thematic data analysis. The findings revealed that OER allowed students to access material without extra cost, and OER helped them learn and prepare for assessments better. They could access the material easily from their personal laptops and smart phones or the computers in the library resource centre. Some drawbacks to accessing OER for learning were connectivity issues as well as the availability of suitable OER. The study was limited to the students’ experience with OER. For future research it would be useful to determine lecturers’ experiences with accessing and adapting OER, for meaningful use in teaching and learning.Die stygende onderrigkoste het veroorsaak dat baie studente wat nie handboeke kan bekostig nie, sukkel om te slaag om hul studies te voltooi. Baie instansies begin dit raaksien en gebruik Open Educational Resources (OER) as onderrigmateriaal sonder enige ekstra koste vir studente. Oop opvoedkundige hulpbronne is gratis beskikbare materiaal vir onderrig en leer wat in die openbare domein beskikbaar is vir gebruik deur studente en dosente sonder ekstra koste. Met die Covid-19-pandemie en inperking het opvoedkundige instansies vinnig oorgeskakel na aanlynleer, wat daartoe gelei het dat baie instansies óf ten volle óf gedeeltelik 'n aanlyn- of gemengde leerbenadering aangeneem het. Die aanpassing van materiaal uit tradisionele handboeke vir die aanlyn omgewing het ’n belangrike aspek van aanlyn leer geword. Studente wat duur handboeke moet koop en ronddra na klasse, is besig om iets van die verlede te word. Die navorsing het studente ingesluit wat Voorskoolse Ontwikkeling (ECD) aan 'n Privaat Hoëronderwysinstelling deur 'n gemengde leerbenadering bestudeer het. Dit beteken dat studente beide aangesig-tot-aangesig en aanlyn klasse bygewoon het gedurende hul studies. Die ECD-departement van die Privaat Hoëronderwysinstelling waar die studie uitgevoer is, gebruik OER om die leerervaring van studente te verbeter. Studente se bewustheid en gebruik van OER is egter nog nie voorheen ondersoek nie. Die navorsing ondersoek die verband tussen OER bewustheid, gebruik, toegang en leer onder ECD-studente aan 'n Privaat Hoëronderwysinstelling in Suid-Afrika, deur gebruik te maak van 'n tweedelige konseptuele raamwerk afgelei van Chen en Panda en aangepas deur Arcebuche se studie, om die bewustheid en gebruik van OER onder studente aan die University of the Philippines Open University te bepaal. Hierdie beperkte studie het ’n kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp met ’n gevallestudiebenadering aangeneem. ’n Vraelys met hoofsaaklik oop vrae is ontwerp, en ’n loodsprojek is met vyf nie-deelnemers uitgevoer om te bepaal of die vrae geskik is vir dataversameling. Antwoorde op die kwalitatiewe vraelys is deur Google Forms ingesamel. Doelgerigte steekproefneming is gedoen om data van vyftien ECD-studente in te samel. Die analise van die studie is gedoen deur middel van tematiese data-ontleding. Die bevindinge het getoon dat OER studente in staat gestel het om materiaal sonder ekstra koste te verkry, en dat OER hulle gehelp het om beter te leer en voor te berei vir assesserings. Hulle kon maklik toegang tot die materiaal kry vanaf hul persoonlike skootrekenaars, slimfone of die rekenaars in die biblioteek se hulpbron sentrum. Sommige nadele van toegang tot OER vir leer was konnektiwiteitsprobleme sowel as die beskikbaarheid van geskikte OER. Die studie was beperk tot die studente se ervaring van OER. Vir toekomstige navorsing sou dit waardevol wees om dosente se ervarings met toegang tot en aanpassing van OER vir betekenisvolle gebruik in onderrig en leer te bepaal.Ukunyuka kweendleko zemfundo kubangele ukuba abafundi abaninzi abangakwaziyo ukuthenga iincwadi zezifundo basokole ukupasa okanye ukugqiba izifundo zabo. Amaziko emfundo amaninzi aqaphele le ngxaki kwaye aqale ukwamkela ukusetyenziswa kweZibonelelo zeMfundo eziVulekileyo (OER) njengezixhobo zokufundisa ezingabizi mali kubafundi. I-OER zizixhobo zokufunda nezokufundisa ezikhululekileyo nezifumaneka eluntwini ukuze zisebenziswe ngabafundi nabahlohli ngaphandle kweendleko ezongezelelweyo. Ngenxa yobhubhane weCovid-19 kunye nokuvalwa kweziko, amaziko emfundo ayanyanzeleka ukuba asebenzise ukufunda nge-intanethi, nto leyo ekhokelele ekwamkelweni kwendlela yokufundisa nefunda nge-intanethi ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokudibeneyo, ngeendlela ezifana nokufunda okuxutyiweyo. Ukuguqulela imathiriyeli yencwadi yemveli kwindawo ye-intanethi sele kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufunda nge-intanethi. Ukuthenga iincwadi ezibizayo zokufundisa esele zingasafuneki ukuba ziphathwe eklasini ngoku kuyancipha. Olu phando lubandakanya abafundi abafunda uPhuhliso lwaBantwana aBasaqalayo (ECD) kwiZiko leMfundo ePhakamileyo laBucala, besebenzisa indlela yokufunda edibeneyo (blended learning). Oku kuthetha ukuba abafundi babefunda ubuso ngobuso kwaye bekwiiklasi ze-intanethi ngexesha lezifundo zabo. Isebe le-ECD kula ziko lisebenzisa i-OER ukuphucula amava abafundi kwinkqubo yokufunda. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi lwabafundi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-OER khange luhlolwe ngaphambili. Olu phando lujolise ekuhloleni ubudlelwane phakathi kolwazi, ukusetyenziswa, ukufikelela kunye nefuthe le-OER kubafundi be-ECD kwiZiko laBucala eMzantsi Afrika. Uphando lusebenzisa isakhelo sengcinga esinecandelo elibini esithathwe kuChen noPanda, saza saguqulelwa kwifomathi kaArcebuche owenza uphando kwiYunivesithi yasePhilippines Open University. Luphando luncinci olwamkele indlela yokuphanda esemgangathweni ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-case study. Kwakhiwa iphepha lemibuzo eliqulathe imibuzo evulekileyo, kwenziwa uphononongo olulingwayo kunye nabafundi abangengabo abathathi-nxaxheba (abahlanu) ukuze kuvavanywe ukuba imibuzo iyasebenza na. Iimpendulo ziqokelelwe ngeefom zeGoogle. Kwakhethwa abafundi abalishumi elinesihlanu (15) ngokukhetha ngenjongo (purposive sampling) ukuze kuqokelelwe idatha. Uhlalutyo lwedatha lwenziwe kusetyenziswa indlela yohlalutyo lweethem. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-OER inceda abafundi ukufikelela kwimathiriyeli yokufunda ngaphandle kweendleko ezongezelelweyo, kwaye ibanceda ekufundeni nasekulungiseleleni iimviwo. Bafikelela kwimathiriyeli leyo lula ngeelaptops zabo, iifowuni ezikrelekrele okanye iikhompyutha ezikwiZiko loLwazi leThala leencwadi. Nangona kunjalo, kwakukho imiceli mngeni efana nemiba yonxibelelwano kunye nokufumaneka kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo ze-OER. Olu phando lujolise kuphela kumava abafundi nge-OER. Uphando lwexesha elizayo lungajolisa ekuhloleni amava abahlohli ekufikeleleni nasekulungelelaniseni i-OER ukuze zisetyenziswe ngendlela enentsingiselo ekufundiseni nasekufundeni.M. Ed. (Open Distance Learning)College of Educatio
Supply chain management–based municipal service delivery optimisation in South Africa
No full textSouth African municipalities use supply chains to procure goods services, and work for the public good. Understanding Supply Chain Management (SCM) practices is increasingly important for municipal supply chains that need to be managed by means of appropriate models and practices that will ensure robustness and superior innovation performance to improve the quality and delivery of services. The purpose of the study was to test a research model for the relationships between SCM practices, Supply Chain Robustness (SCR), Municipal Innovation Performance (MIP) and service delivery in selected South African municipalities.
The research design employed was a combination of correlational and survey designs via a quantitative approach. A self-administered structured online survey questionnaire involving 315 respondents drawn from the selected South African municipalities in the Gauteng and North West Provinces was used. The respondents were selected via a probability-based cluster random sampling method. The Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 and Smart-PLS version 4.0 statistical analysis software were utilised for the data analysis.
The results of the study revealed that SCM practices, which include: strategic supplier partnership (SSP), internal lean practice (ILP), and information sharing and supply chain innovation (SCI), positively, and significantly affected SCR and MIP, which in turn positively influences service delivery. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on municipal supply chain management, particularly supply chain robustness. The study suggests a conceptual framework for SCM in South African municipalities to enable them to enhance their supply chain performance to optimise service delivery.D. Business AdministrationBusiness Managemen
An exploration of the nature of and response to female criminality in the North Metropole District of Cape Town
No full textAbstracts in English, Xhosa and AfrikaansThe aim of this quantitative explorative and descriptive study was to explore the nature of and response to female criminality in the North Metropole District of Cape Town, focusing on the experiences of 100 South African Police Service (SAPS) detectives. The rationale for this study stems from the recognition of a lack of research about female criminality. The literature review provided a historical overview of female criminality and examined contemporary issues, including the motives and causal risk factors associated with female criminality. The study was grounded in feminist theories, including liberal, radical, Marxist, socialist, and postmodern perspectives. Findings revealed an unexpected trend, showing a higher prevalence of aggressive and violent crimes, such as domestic violence and assault, compared to non-violent economic crimes. This contradicts national and international research, which typically suggests that women are more likely to engage in non-violent economic crimes. The findings indicate that violent crimes, particularly common assault and assault with intent to cause grievous bodily harm (GBH), may be more prevalent among females in this district, with a possible link between violent crime and domestic violence. Although economic crimes like shoplifting and theft were also noted, they were less prominent than violent crimes. Unemployment, poverty and substance abuse were identified as the most significant perceived risk factors, with domestic violence and the district's culture of crime and violence likely influencing female criminality.
In terms of law enforcement response, detectives reported a significant increase in dockets opened for female offenders in the policing district, with many being repeat offenders. Despite this, the policing of female criminality was largely treated as a routine activity, with detectives indicating they had not received specific training on addressing crimes committed by female offenders. This lack of gender-sensitive approaches, coupled with concerns about record-keeping, highlights potential weaknesses in the current strategies for addressing female offending in the district. Based on these findings, recommendations include the development and implementation of gender-sensitive training programmes and improved procedures to address the unique needs and risk factors associated with female offenders.Injongo yolu phando luphononongayo noluchazayo lobungakanani yayikukuphonononga ubume nempendulo kulwaphulomthetho lwabasetyhini kwiSithili esiMbaxa somNtla Kapa, kugxilwe kumava abacuphi abali100 beNkonzo yamaPolisa aseMzantsi Afrika (SAPS). Isizathu solu phando lwasukela ekuqapheleni ukunqongophala kophando olungolwaphumlomthetho lwabasetyhini. Uphengululo loncwadi lwanika amagqabantshintshi embali yolwaphulomthetho lwabasetyhini kwanovavanyo lwemiba yale mihla, kubandakanya iinjongo nemiba yomngcipheko eyenzeka ngamaxesha athile enxulumene nolwaphulomthetho lwabasetyhini. Uphando lwasekelwa kwiingcingane/kwiithiyori zabaxhasi beempembelelo zokulwela amalungelo wabasetyhini, kubandakanya imibono exhasa ulawulomelo, inguqu epheleleyo, iingcingane zikaMarx nemibono yezi mini. Iziphumo zidandalazise inkqubo ekhoyo engalindelekanga, eyile, ukuxhaphaka okuphezulu kolwaphulomthetho olunobundlobongela nobundlongondlongo, okufana nobundlobongela basekhaya nohlaselo, xa kuthelekiswa nolwaphulomthetho lwezoqoqosho olungenabundlobongela. Oku kuyaphikisana nophando lukazwelonke nolwamazwe ngamazwe olulolona lubonakalisa ukuba abasetyhini ngokwesiqhelo babandakanyeka kulwaphulomthetho lwezoqoqosho olungenabundlobongela. Iziphumo zibonakalisa ukuba ulwaphulomthetho olunobundlongela – ngakumbi uhlaselo nohlaselo ngenjongo yokwenzakalisa emzimbeni (GBH) – lungaxhaphaka kubantu basetyhini kwesi sithili, nonxulumano olunokubakho phakathi kolwaphulomthetho olunobundlobongela nobundlobongela basekhaya. Nangona ubundlobongela bezoqoqosho obunjengokuba ezivenkileni nobusela nabo baye baqapheleka, babingaxhaphakanga njengolwaphulomthetho olunobundlobongela. Intswelangqesho, indlala nokusetyenziswa ngokugqithileyo kotywala zachongwa njengeyona miba yomngcipheko eqwalaselwayo ebalulekileyo, nobundlobongela basekhaya nesithethe solwaphulomthetho nobundlobongela njengezinefuthe kulwaphulomthetho lwabasetyhini.
Ngokubhekiselele kulandelo lonyanzeliso lokugcinwa komthetho, abacuphi banika ingxelo yokwanda kakhulu kwamadokethi avulelwe abophulimthetho basetyhini kwisithili sasebupoliseni, abaninzi ingabaphulimthetho abaphindayo. Ngaphandle koku, ukugcina ucwangco kulwaphulomthetho lwabasetyhini ubukhulu becala kwathathwa njengento eqhelekileyo, kunye nabacuphi ababonakalisa ukuba zange bafumana uqeqesho oluchanekileyo ekuqubisaneni nolwaphulomthetho olwenziwa ngabaphulimthetho basetyhini. Oku kunqongophala kweendlela ezinovelo kwisini, kudibene nenkxalabo yokugcinwa kwamarekhodi, kuphawula ubuyekeyeke obukhoyo kwizicwangcisoqhinga ezijolise ekuqubisaneni nokwaphulwa komthetho ngabasetyhini kwisithili. Ngokusekelwe kwezi ziphumo, iingcebiso zibandakanya ukuphuhliswa nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zoqeqesho ezivelana nesini kunye neenkqubo zokujongana neemfuno ezikhethekileyo nemiba yomngcipheko enxulumene nabaphulimthetho basetyhini.Die doel van hierdie kwalitatiewe, ondersoekende en beskrywende studie was om die aard van en reaksie op vroulike misdadigheid in die Noord-metropooldistrik van Kaapstad ondersoek, met ’n fokus op die ondervindings van 100 Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens- (SAPD) speurders. Die rasionaal vir hierdie studie het gespruit uit die erkenning van ’n gebrek aan navorsing oor vroulike misdadigheid. Die literatuuroorsig het ’n historiese oorsig van vroulike misdadigheid verskaf, insluitend die motiewe en oorsaaklike risikofaktore wat met vroulike misdadigheid geassosieer word. Die studie is gegrond op feministiese teorieë en postmoderne perspektiewe. Die bevindinge het ’n onverwagte tendens aan die lig gebring, naamlik ’n hoër voorkoms van aggressiewe en gewelddadige misdade, soos huishoudelike geweld en aanrandings, in vergelyking met nie-gewelddadige ekonomiese misdade. Dit weerspreek nasionale en internasionale navorsing, wat tipies daarop dui dat vrouens meer geneig is om by nie-gewelddadige ekonomiese misdade betrokke te raak. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat geweldsmisdade – veral algemene aanranding en aanranding met die doel om ernstig te beseer – moontlik meer algemeen onder vroue in hierdie distrik voorkom, met ’n moontlike verband tussen geweldsmisdaad en gesinsgeweld. Alhoewel ekonomiese misdade soos winkeldiefstal en diefstal ook opgemerk is, was dit minder prominent as geweldsmisdade. Werkloosheid, armoede en dwelmmisbruik is geïdentifiseer as die belangrikste waargenome risikofaktore, met gesinsgeweld en die distrik se kultuur van misdaad en geweld wat waarskynlik vroulike misdadigheid beïnvloed. Wat die reaksie van wetstoepassers betref, het speurders ’n beduidende toename gerapporteer in dossiere wat oopgemaak is vir vroulike oortreders in die polisiëringsdistrik, met baie wat herhaalde oortreders was. Ten spyte hiervan is die polisiëring van vroulike misdadigheid grootliks as ’n roetine-aktiwiteit behandel, met speurders wat aangedui het dat hulle nie spesifieke opleiding ontvang het oor die aanspreek van misdade wat deur vroulike oortreders gepleeg word nie. Hierdie gebrek aan geslagsensitiewe benaderings, tesame met kommer oor rekordhouding, beklemtoon potensiële swakhede in huidige strategieë wat daarop gemik is om vroulike oortredings in die distrik aan te spreek. Op grond van hierdie bevindinge sluit aanbevelings die ontwikkeling en implementering van geslagsensitiewe opleidingsprogramme en verbeterde prosedures in om die unieke behoeftes en risikofaktore wat met vroulike oortreders geassosieer word, aan te spreek.M.A. (Criminology)Criminology and Security Scienc
Appraisal of teaching of reading across the curriculum in selected primary schools in the Johannesburg East district
No full textThe study appraised the teaching of reading across the curriculum with a great
interest in how the teaching of reading across the curriculum is taking place in
selected primary schools in the Johannesburg East district. Teachers are trying
different strategies and approaches of teaching reading, but it's difficult to teach
reading effectively, especially when they don't know the sounds and how to
teach phonics and phonemic awareness. Basically, these teachers don’t know
how to teach and assess reading. This point back to how the intermediate
phase teachers were trained at the college and university level. They were not
trained on how to teach reading, unlike the foundation phase teachers.
Teachers are exclusively relaying on their own reading that they have done
throughout the years to build their experience.
Based on the study's findings, some of the recommendations made were that
all student teachers should complete a module in teaching reading. This module
will provide them with the required skills and knowledge to teach reading.
Subject allocations and policy underlying it should be amended. Not every
teacher is a reading teacher and not every teacher in the primary school can
teach every subject, in particular languages where reading should be
developed. Increasing the collection of graded readers and giving learners
access to a collection of graded readers during the intermediate phase would
improve reading abilities in the school.
Based on the evidence produced by this study, there is still lots of extra work
that needs to be done to support effective teaching of reading across the
curriculum, both at the school and district level.M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)Curriculum and Instructional Studie
Can Climate Smart Agriculture enhance the resilience of smallholder farming communities? Case studies from Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textEnvironmental Science
The investigation of awareness and perception of proactive behaviour-based safety management for private construction companies in Gauteng, South Africa
No full textAbstracts in English, Northern Sotho and SothoConstruction sites face numerous safety challenges, necessitating the adoption of
proactive behaviour-based safety (PBBS) measures. This study is grounded in the
understanding that construction operations are inherently risky, making the wellbeing
of workers a critical priority for any organisation involved in construction
projects. Traditional reactive safety approaches are sometimes insufficient to
mitigate the high number of accidents and incidents on construction sites. PPBS has
gained popularity over the years. A key strength of implementing PPBS in an
organisation lies in its objective and measurable approach to safety management.
This study investigated awareness of, and perceptions regarding, PBBS in private
construction companies in Gauteng, South Africa. Various human factors in safety
management contribute to accidents and are directly link to risk-related behaviour.
PBBS assists in managing employee behaviour by focusing on motivation and
reinforcement, making worker behaviour the primary concern. By promoting safe
behaviour, PBBS can help mitigate the root causes of many construction accidents.
The link between PBBS and health and safety, as mandated by the Occupational
Health and Safety Act of 1993, is clear. This study specifically examined awareness
of PBBS management on construction sites in Gauteng. The primary objective was
to assess the level of awareness and understanding of PBBS in construction
companies. In addition, the study explored the perceptions and awareness of industry professionals, such as site supervisors, regarding proactive safety
measures implemented on-site. The overall aim of the study was to benchmark
PBBS management in construction organisations that have adopted the programme
and achieved positive outcomes. The findings, while interpreted with caution, offer
valuable insights for managing construction operations and improving safety
performance.Mafelo a kago a lebana le ditlhohlo tše ntši tša polokego, seo se dirago gore go be le
nyakego ya kamogelo ya magato a polokego a go thewa godimo ga maitshwaro a
tirišo (PBBS). Nyakišišo ye e theilwe godimo ga kwešišo ya gore ditshepedišo tša
kago di kotsi ka tlhago, go dira gore boitekanelo bja bašomi e be selo se bohlokwa
seo se tlago pele go mokgatlo wo mongwe le wo mongwe wo o akaretšwago
diprotšekeng tša kago. Mekgwa ya setšo ya polokego ya karabo ka dinako tše
dingwe ga se ya lekana go fokotša palo ya godimo ya dikotsi le ditiragalo mafelong a
kago. PBBS e hweditše setumo mengwageng ka moka. Maatla a bohlokwa a go
phethagatša PBBS ka gare ga mokgatlo a letše mokgweng wa wona wa
maikemišetšo le go lekanyetšega ga taolo ya polokego. Nyakišišo ye e nyakišišitše
temogo ya, le dikgopolo mabapi le, PBBS ka dikhamphaning tša kago tša praebete
go la Gauteng, Afrika Borwa. Mabaka a go fapafapana a batho go taolo ya polokego
a na le seabe go dikotsi gomme ke kgokaganyo thwii go maitshwaro a go amana le
kotsi. PBBS e thuša go laola maitshwaro a bašomi ka go šetša go tlhohleletšo le
tiišetšo, go dira gore maitshwaro a bašomi go ba hlobaelo e kgolo. Ka go tšwetša
pele maitshwaro a polokego, PBBS e ka thuša go fokotša mabaka a go hlola dikotsi
tše ntši tša kago. Kgokagano gare ga PBBS le maphelo le polokego, bjalo ka ge go laetšwe ke Molao wa Maphelo le Polokego ya Mošomong wa 1993, e molaleng.
Nyakišišo ye e nyakišišitše fela temogo ya taolo ya PBBS mafelong a kago go la
Gauteng. Maikemišetšo a magolo e be e le go sekaseka maemo a temogo le
kwešišo ya PBBS ka gare ga dikhamphani tša kago. Go tlaleletša, nyakišišo e
nyakišišitše dikgopolo le temogo ya ditsebi tša intasteri, go swana le baokamedi ba
lefelo, mabapi le magato a polokego a mafolofolo ao a phethagaditšwego mo
lefelong. Maikemišetšo a kakaretšo a nyakišišo ye e be e le go lekanyetša taolo ya
PBBS mekgatlong ya kago yeo e amogetšego lenaneo le go fihlelela dipoelo tše di
botse. Dikutullo, ge di hlathollwa ka kelohloko, di fa kwešišo ye bohlokwa ya go laola ditshepedišo tša kago le go kaonafatša tshepedišo ya polokego.Dibaka tsa kaho di tobane le diphephetso tse ngata tsa polokeho, tse hlokang ho
amohelwa ha mehato ya tshireletso e thehilweng boitshwarong (PBBS). Thuto ena e
thehilwe kutlwisisong ya hore mesebetsi ya kaho e kotsi ka tlhaho, e etsa hore
boiketlo ba basebetsi e be ntho e tlang pele ho mokgatlo ofe kapa ofe o amehang
mererong ya kaho. Mekgwa ya kgale ya tshireletso ka dinako tse ding ha ya lekana
ho fokotsa palo e phahameng ya dikotsi le diketsahalo dibakeng tsa kaho. PPBS e
fumane botumo ho theosa le dilemo. Matla a bohlokwa a ho kenya tshebetsong
PPBS mokgatlong o itshetlehile ka sepheo sa wona le mokgwa o ka lekanyetswang
wa tsamaiso ya tshireletso.Thuto ena e batlisisitse tlhokomediso, le maikutlo mabapi
le, PBBS dikhamphaning tse ikemetseng tsa kaho Gauteng, Afrika Borwa. Dintlha
tse fapaneng tsa batho taolong ya polokeho di kenya letsoho dikotsing mme di
amana ka kotloloho le boitshwaro bo amanang le kotsi.PBBS e thusa ho laola
boitshwaro ba basebetsi ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho kgothatso le matlafatso, ho
etsa hore boitshwaro ba basebetsi e be ntho e amehang haholo. Ka ho kgothaletsa
boitshwaro bo bolokehileng, PBBS e ka thusa ho fokotsa disosa tsa dikotsi tse ngata
tsa kaho.
Kamano pakeng tsa PBBS le bophelo bo botle le polokeho, jwalokaha e laetswe ke
Molao wa Bophelo bo Botle le Tshireletseho wa 1993, e hlakile. Thuto ena e
hlahlobile ka ho kgetheha tlhokomemiso ya tsamaiso ya PBBS dibakeng tsa kaho Gauteng. Sepheo sa mantlha e ne e le ho lekola boemo ba tlhokomeliso le kutloisiso
ya PBBS dikhamphaning tsa kaho.Ho feta moo, thuto e ile ya hlahloba maikutlo le
tlhokomeliso ya ditsebi tsa indasteri, jwalo ka baokameli ba sebaka, mabapi le
mehato e potlakileng ya tshireletso e kentsweng setsheng.Maikemisetso ka
kakaretso a thuto e ne e le ho lekanya botsamaisi ba PBBS mekgatlhong ya kaho e
e amohetseng lenaneo le ho fihlela diphetho tse molemo. Diphumano, leha di
hlaloswa ka hloko, di fana ka lesedi la bohlokwa bakeng sa ho laola tshebetso ya
kaho le ho ntlafatsa tshebetso ya polokeho.M. Sc. (Operations Management)Operations Managemen
Free-roaming pig production in the Peri-urban areas of Gert Sibande district in Mpumalanga province, South Africa : husbandry practices, nutrition, and parasite burden.
No full textAbstract in English, Venda and AfrikaansShortage of agricultural land in South Africa has led to an increase in the popularity of free-roaming pig (FRP) farming in peri-urban areas (PUAs). This study explored the husbandry practices, production constraints, and prevalence of ecto- and endoparasites among peri-urban FRPs. The study also quantified and determined the nutritional profile of commonly used swill in the PUAs of Gert Sibande District Municipality (GSDM). Snowball sampling was used to recruit 124 pig producers. A total of 283 pigs were selected using stratified sampling to determine the presence of ecto- and endoparasites. The following swill samples (n=14) were collected using purposeful sampling: household swill (HS), school swill (SS), restaurant swill (RS), and wholesaler swill (WS). Data were analysed using Stata 15.0 and SPSS V28.0 statistical software packages. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05 for all analyses. Most (90%) of the GSDM FRPs had parasites, including Haematopinus suis, Sarcoptes scabiei, Ascaris suum, Fasciola hepatica, Trichuris suis, Strongylids, Coccidia spp., Moniezia expansa, and Siphonaptera spp. Most farmers (93.5%) engaged in peri-urban FRP farming without local authority approval, and 72.6% were unregistered for animal identification. Most of the farmers (94.35%) did not implement disinfection measures, and 87.1% were unaware of transboundary animal and zoonotic diseases. Swill analysis showed that HS and SS had a higher moisture content (80.14% and 80.27%, respectively) as compared to RS and WS (54.36% and 56.63%, respectively). The HS and SS had a low DM content (19.86±8.21 g/kg DM and 19.73±6.94 g/kg, respectively) compared to RS and WS (45.65±27.57 g/kg and 43.37±25.45 g/kg, respectively). All FRP producers fed pigs with swill, including untreated swill (92.7%). Few FRP farmers fed home-mixed feeds (26.6%), alternative feeds (25%), and conventional feeds (12.1%). To enhance biosecurity, study findings support the dismantling of the existing peri-urban FRP system and transforming it into a controlled, restricted system. The farmers should be encouraged to establish a cooperative to facilitate the translation and management of the FRP. Around 90% of GSDM FRPs had one or more of nine parasites. The nutritional value of swill as feed for piglets and weaners in the FRP production system can be improved by combining the nutritious WS with the less nutritious HS. Furthermore, combining SS and RS can also achieve an ideal diet for growing pigs.U shayea ha mavu a u lima Afurika Tshipembe zwo ita uri hu vhe na u engedzea ha u fuwa nguluvhe dzo vhofholowa (FRP) kha vhupo ha tsini na ḓorobo (PUAs). Ino pfunzo yo lavhelesa nḓila dza u alusa, mathada a u ita tshibveledzwa, na u vhonala ha zwikhokhonono zwa nnda na zwa thumbuni kha FRPs kha PUA. Pfunzo yeneyi yo dovha ya sedza tshivhalo tsha zwiḽiwa zwa masalela zwi shumiswaho nga vhafuwi vha FRP kha Masipala wa Gert Sibande District Municipality (GSDM). Snowball sempulingi yo shumisiwa kha u nanga vhafuwi vha nguluvhe vha 124. Dzinguluvhe (n=283) dzo nangiwa hu tshi khou shumisiwa sitiratifaidi sempulingi u vhona arali dzi na zwikhokhonono zwa thumbuni na zwa nnda. Dzisempulingi dza zwiḽiwa zwo masalela (n=14), zwa u bva kha masalela a mudini (HS), masalela a tshikoloni (SS), masalela a resiturente (RS), na masalela a murengisi wa zwithu zwinzhi (WS) zwo khethekanyiwa nga nḓila ya u dzudzanywaho. Data yo senguluswa hu tshi shumiswa Stata 15.0 na SPSS V28.0 tshivhalo tsha muhwalo tsha phurogireme. Vhuimo ha ndeme ya tshivhalo ho imisiwa kha α = 0.05. Vhunzhi ha (90%) ya FRPs dzo vha dzi na zwikhokhonono, zwi tshi katela Haematopinus suis, Sarcoptes scabiei, Ascaris suum, Fasciola hepatica, Trichuris suis, Strongylids, Coccidia spp., Moniezia expansa, na Siphonaptera spp. Vhafuwi vha FRP vhanzhi (93.5%) vho vha vho di dzhenisa kha vhufuwi ha tsini na dorobo hu si na thendelo ya vharangaphanḓa, nahone 72.6% a vho ngo ṅwalisa zwifuwo zwa vho kha ṱalula tshifuwo. Vhafuwi vhanzhi (94.35%) a vha ngo shumisa zwikhala zwa u tsireledza zwa mutakalo, nahone vho vha vha si na vhuṱanzi ha malwadze a u phambana ha shango na malwadze a pfukela (87.1%). HS na SS vho vha vha na maḓi manzhi (80.14% na 80.27%) u fhira RS na WS (54.36% na 56.63%). Nga tshenetsho tshifhinga, HS na SS vho vha vha na DM i tshee fhasi (19.86±8.21 g/kg DM na 19.73±6.94 g/kg) u fhira RS na WS (45.65±27.57 g/kg na 43.37±25.45 g/kg). Vhalimi vhoṱhe vho fha nguluvhe dzavho zwiḽiwa zwa masalela, nahone vhanzhi vho fha zwiḽiwa zwa masalela zwi si ngo tsireledzeaho (92.7%). Vhalimi vha si gathi (26.6%) vho fha zwiḽiwa zwa masalela a muṱani, 25% vha fha zwiḽiwa zwiṅwe, nahone 12.1% vha fha zwiḽiwa zwo ḓoweleaho. U khwinisa tsireledzo ya zwifuwo, mawaṅwa a ngudo a tikedza u fhaladzwa ha maitele a tsini na ḓorobo FRP ane avha hone na u shandukisa maitele avha a langwaho, o tsireledzwaho. Vhalimi vha fanela u ṱuṱuwedziwa vha thome tshumisano u shandukisa na u langa FRPs. Vhunzhi ha FRPs (90%) dzo vha dzi na nthihi kana zwinzhi zwa zwikhokhonono
zwo ṱaluswaho. Tshivhalo tsha mutakalo wa zwiḽiwa zwa masalela zwi shumiswa u fusha zwiguluzwana na dzine dza bva kha mme kha u bveledzisa maitele a FRP tshi nga khwaṱhisedzwa nga u tanganisa WS ine ya vha na mutakalo na HS une wavha fhasi. U ṱanganya SS na RS zwi nga shumiswa kha u wana zwo teaho mutakalo wa dzinguluvhe dzi aluwaho.’n Tekortkoming aan landbougrond in Suid-Afrika het gelei tot ’n toename in vrylopende varkboerdery in buitestedelike gebiede. Hierdie studie het die veeteelt-praktyke, produksie-beperkings en die voorkoms van ekto- en endoparasiete onder vrylopende varke in buitestedelike gebiede verken. Die studie het ook die voedingsprofiel van kombuisasfval (swill) bepaal wat algemeen gebruik word deur vrylopende varkboere in die buitestedelike gebiede van die Gert Sibande-distriksmunisipaliteit (GSDM). Sneeubalsteekproefneming is aangewend om 124 varkprodusente te werf. Varke (n=283) is gekies deur gestratifiseerde steekproefneming om die voorkoms van ekto- en endoparasiete te bepaal. Kombuisafvalmonsters (n=14), naamlik huishoudelike kombuisafval (HS), skool-kombuisafval (SS), restaurant-kombuisafval (RS) en groothandelaar-kombuisafval is doelgerig geselekteer(WS). Data is ontleed deur gebruik te maak van Stata 15.0 en SPSS V28.0 statistiese sagtewarepakkette. Statistiese betekenisvolheid is gestel op α = 0.05 vir alle ontledings. Die meeste van die vrylopende varke (90%) het parasiete gehad, insluitende Haematopinus suis, Sarcoptes scabiei, Ascaris suum, Fasciola hepatica, Trichuris suis, Strongylids, Coccidia spp., Moniezia expansa en Siphonaptera spp. Die meeste vrylopende varkboere (93.5%) het buitestedelike boerdery beoefen sonder die plaaslike owerheid se goedkeuring, en 72.6% is nie geregistreer vir diere-identifikasie nie. Die meeste boere (94.35%) het nie sanitêre maatreëls geïmplementeer nie, en was nie bewus van grens-oorstrydende diere- en zoönotiese siektes nie (87.1%). HS en SS het ’n hoër voginhoud gehad (80.14% en 80.27% onderskeidelik) in vergelyking met RS en WS (54.36% en 56.63% onderskeidelik). Terselfdertyd het HS en SS ’n laer DM-inhoud (droë materie-inhoud) (19.86±8.21 g/kg DM en 19.73±6.94 g/kg onderskeidelik) gehad in vergelyking met RS en WS (45.65±27.57 g/kg en 43.37±25.45 g/kg onderskeidelik). Alle boere het vir hulle varke varkspoeling gegee, en die meeste boere het vir hulle varke onbehandelde varkspoeling gegee (92.7%). ’n Paar boere het tuisgemaakte voere (26.6%), alternatiewe voere (25%) en konvensionele voere (12.1%) gegee. Bevindings hier steun die aftakeling van die bestaande buitestedelike vrylopende varkstelsel, en om dit te omskep in ’n gekontroleerde, beperkte stelsel om biosekuriteit te bevorder. Die boere moet aangemoedig word om ’n koöperatief te vorm om die oorplasing van die bestuur van vrylopende varke te fasiliteer. Bykans alle vrylopende varke (90%) het
een of meer van die nege geïdentifiseerde parasiete gehad. Die voedingswaarde van varkspoeling wat as voer vir die klein varkies en gespeende varke in die vrylopende varkproduksie gebruik word, kan verbeter word deur die voedingsryke WS met die minder voedingsryke HS varkspoeling te kombineer. ’n Kombinasie van SS en RS kan ook aangeneem word om ’n ideale dieet vir groeiende varke te kry.PhD. (Agriculture)College of Agriculture and Environmental Science
Assessing the nexus between women empowerment and food security among crop farmers in Ekurhuleni, Gauteng Province, South Africa
No full textAbstracts and keywords in English, Northern Sotho and ZuluA quantitative, cross-sectional design was conducted to assess the relationship
between women empowerment and female crop farmers’ household food security
in the City of Ekurhuleni, Gauteng province, South Africa. Data were collected using
a structured questionnaire from 216 female crop farmers. The study used the
Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index, food security indicators and the
ordered logistic regression model to achieve its objectives. The results reveal that
57.9% of women are adequately empowered, 89.4% of households have an
acceptable consumption score, while 52.8% of households have a high dietary
diversity score. Age, educational level, employment status, business, garden size,
autonomy in production, access to and decisions on credit, control over use of
income and workload are significantly associated with food security. The study
recommends job creation, funding opportunities for small businesses for women,
education, as well as awareness of gender and societal norms and provision of
agricultural resources to improve women empowerment and food security.Uhlelo lokucwaninga izilinganiso, ngaphansi kohlelo oluhlanganisile lusetshenziswe
ngenhloso yokuhlola ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhlonyiswa ngolwazi kwabesifazane
kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla kwabalimi eDolobheni lase-Ekurhuleni, esifundazweni
saseGauteng, eNingizimu Afrika. Imininingo iqoqwe kusetshenziswa uhla
lwemibuzo ehleliwe ephendulwe abalimi besifazane abangama-216. Ucwaningo
lusebenzise iNkomba Yokuhlonyiswa Ngolwazi Kubalimi Besifazane, izinkomba
zokuvikeleka kokudla kanye nohlelo lokuhlola ukubambezeleka kwezinsiza ukuze
kwenzeke leyo misebenzi ebekiwe. Imiphumela iveza ukuthi bangama-57.9%
abesifazane abahlonyiswe ngolwazi, ingama-89.4% imizi esesimweni
esamukelekile ngokokusebenza, kanti ingama-52.8% imizi etholakala
inezinhlobonhlobo zokudla. Iminyaka yobudala, izinga lemfundo, isimo
sokusebenza, ezamabhizinisi, ubungako bezingadi, ukuzimela ekukhiqizeni,
ukwemukela nezinqumo ngesikweletu, ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemali
engenayo kanye nobungako bomsebenzi kuyiminxa esondelene kakhulu
nokuvikeleka kokudla. Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuba kusungulwe amathuba
emisebenzi, amathuba okuxhasa ngemali kumabhizinisi amancane abesifazane,
imfundo, kanjalo nokwazisa ngobulili kanye nezinkambiso zomphakathi ngokunjalo
nokuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza zezolimo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlonyiswa ngolwazi
kwabesifazane kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla.Tlhamo ya bontši, ya go putlaganya makala e dirilwe go sekaseka kamano
magareng ga matlafatšo ya basadi le tšhireletšo ya dijo malapeng a balemi ba
dibjalo ba basadi ka Toropongkgolo ya Ekurhuleni, profenseng ya Gauteng, Afrika
Borwa. Datha e kgobokeditšwe ka go šomiša lenaneopotšišo leo le rulagantšwego
go tšwa go balemi ba dibjalo ba basadi ba 216. Dinyakišišo di šomišitše Tšhupane
ya Matlafatšo ya Basadi ka Temong, ditšhupetšo tša tšhireletšo ya dijo le mokgwa
wa poelamorago wa dithulaganyo wo o rulagantšwego go fihlelela maikemišetšo a
yona. Dipoelo di utolla gore 57.9% ya basadi ba matlafaditšwe ka mo go lekanego,
89.4% ya malapa e na le maemo a amogelegago a go ja dijo, mola 52.8% ya
malapa e na le maemo a godimo a go fapafapana ga dijo. Mengwaga, maemo a
thuto, maemo a mošomo, kgwebo, bogolo bja serapa, boikemo tšweletšong,
phihlelelo le diphetho tša dikoloto, taolo ya tšhomišo ya letseno le mošomo di
amana kudu le tšhireletšo ya dijo. Dinyakišišo di šišinya tlholego ya mešomo, dibaka
tša thekgo ya ditšhelete go dikgwebopotlana tša basadi, thuto, gammogo le temošo
ya bong le ditlwaelo tša setšhaba le kabo ya methopo ya temo go kaonafatša
matlafatšo ya basadi le tšhireletšo ya dijo.M. Sc. (Agriculture)Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecolog
A framework for leadership styles that influence the survival and sustainability of SMEs in Botswana's agrifood sector
No full textText in EnglishThis research seeks to identify leadership styles that influence agricultural production, addressing food supply shortages that threaten the survival and sustainability of SMEs in Botswana’s agrifood sector. Towards this end, this study adopted a convergent parallel mixed-methods research design. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey followed by in-depth interviews. A sample size of 385 was drawn for the quantitative data, whereas the sample size for the qualitative data was reached at the data saturation point of 16. Stratified sampling was adopted for the quantitative study and volunteer sampling was adopted for the qualitative phase. Simple linear and multiple linear regression models were estimated using the R programming language for quantitative data analysis. The qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis, verbatim transcription, and quotations. This study contributes significantly to knowledge by proposing a novel framework of leadership styles uniquely tailored to the context of SMEs in Botswana's agrifood sector. Drawing on its findings, this research identifies and conceptualises emerging leadership styles; namely mentorship, coaching, flexible, responsive, agile, adaptable, empowering, and exemplary leadership, as critical determinants of SME survival and sustainability. This framework advances existing leadership theory by contextualising leadership praxis within the realities of Agrifood SMEs in Botswana, offering both scholarly and practical insights for enhancing long-term survival and sustainability in the Sector. The study's main limitation was its focus on leaders as units of analysis and the failure to obtain follower perceptions of their leaders. However, this limitation does not necessarily affect the study's validity because empirical research was conducted to ensure the study is robust. The study's overall findings indicate that all the dimensions of the Situational Leadership style and the Idealised Influence dimension of the Transformational Leadership style significantly influence the survival and sustainability of SMEs in the agrifood sector in Botswana, hence recommending the adoption of a leadership framework that is flexible and agile.D.B.L.Graduate School of Business Leadershi
Strengthening oversight mechanisms of the South African civilian intelligence services
No full textThe South African Civilian Intelligence Services (hereinafter referred to as ‘SACIS’) oversight mechanisms have experienced challenges and weaknesses that negatively affected their oversight functions. These mechanisms include the Minister of SACIS, the Office of the Inspector-General of Intelligence (OIGI), a designated judge and the Joint Standing Committee on Intelligence (JSCI). The challenges and weaknesses in SACIS’s oversight mechanisms included ineffective executive controls for the use of intrusive methods of investigation, lack of independent oversight and access to information under the control of SACIS, lack of resources and poor legislative oversight of SACIS. These challenges and weaknesses facilitated the political abuse of SACIS, in some cases constituting criminality.
This study was undertaken to strengthen SACIS’s oversight mechanisms to promote the legality and propriety of intelligence operations, effectiveness of the services and to hold its members accountable. Conducting a study to strengthen SACIS’s oversight mechanisms in the discipline of Public Administration is necessary to enable a significant improvement in transparency and accountability, contribute to their professionalisation and depoliticisation as well as to promote good governance. SACIS’s oversight mechanisms may also use findings and recommendations of this study to implement interventions to strengthen their oversight functions.
The study used a mixed methods research design, which included a research questionnaire and interviews to gather data from respondents. Prior to gathering data, a pilot test was conducted on the research questionnaire and interview questions to make certain it was understood by respondents. The research population sample was diverse and representative as it included different gender classifications, age groups, numbers of years of experience in SACIS and occupational classifications. Furthermore, the Thematic and Discourse Data Analysis Techniques were used in converting data into constructive information. The study also adhered to all ethical requirements and all respondents gave consent before engaging in research.
The findings of the study found there is a need to strengthen the executive, independent, judiciary and legislative oversight mechanisms of SACIS. The need for strengthening the executive oversight mechanism of SACIS was due to lack of ministerial control over intrusive methods of investigation, politicisation of SACIS and lack of consequence management in the institution. The need for strengthening the independent oversight mechanism of SACIS was due to lack of an independent and under-resourced OIGI. The need for strengthening the judicial oversight mechanism of SACIS was due to inadequate resources to authorise applications for the use of intrusive methods of investigations and risks in the judiciary that necessitates the disclosure of sensitive information. The need for strengthening the legislative oversight mechanism of SACIS was due to lack of resources, personnel integrity, cooperation with the OIGI and transparency. Relevant interventions are outlined that may resolve challenges and weaknesses in the executive, independent, judicial and legislative oversight mechanisms of SACIS.D. Phil. (Public Administration)Public Administration and Managemen