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Frustration and property rights in land
No full textThe article explores the doctrine of frustration in contract law, noting case law illustrating its increasing application to leases and other proprietary interests in land, in particular (1) contracts for the sale of land; (2) options to purchase land; (3) easements; and (4) mortgages
From adversity to advantage: uncertainty priming provides executive function advantage in the context of childhood adversity and uncertainty
Full text linkAdversity in childhood, which includes adverse life experiences such as abuse and neglect, but can also be more broadly understood to encompass household dysfunction and uncertainty, has been widely linked to poorer cognitive and mental health outcomes and is often interpreted within a deficit-model framework. However, emerging evidence suggests that certain forms of early adversity, particularly exposure to uncertainty, may also foster context-specific cognitive adaptations. Drawing on the specialisation–sensitisation framework, the present study examined whether exposure to childhood uncertainty and adverse life experiences is associated with enhanced executive function (EF) performance under uncertainty-primed conditions in adulthood. In a quasi-representative UK sample (N = 435), participants completed validated measures of childhood uncertainty and childhood adversity alongside EF tasks assessing cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory, following random assignment to either uncertainty or control priming. Higher childhood uncertainty and adversity exposure were associated with significantly better cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control performance under uncertainty priming, with no significant disadvantage under control conditions. An examination of the timing of adversity showed that early childhood exposure was associated with lower adult EF performance, regardless of priming context. Exposure to adversity in middle childhood was associated with a performance advantage under uncertainty priming conditions. Regarding adversity type, peer and family adversity were associated with overall cognitive flexibility performance disadvantages, whereas neglect exposure was associated with a cognitive flexibility performance advantage under uncertainty priming conditions. These findings add nuance to the discussion of impairments following childhood adversity and highlight the potential for adaptive calibration of cognitive systems. This work supports the need for context-sensitive assessments and interventions that acknowledge both the risks and the functional adaptations associated with early life adversity
Chapter 6. Initial denial of child sexual abuse: reluctance or suggestibility
No full textNo Abstract Available
From the editor: Equity in teacher education and development
No full text‘Who gets ahead?’ This question was the basis of a 12-month study conducted by Wilson et al. (2006) examining how the intersectional experiences of disability, age, ethnicity and gender affect teachers’ career prospects. Their findings painted a picture of structural and systemic inequities, biases and discrimination that served to hinder the career trajectories and professional development of women, racially minoritised, older and disabled teachers. Twenty years on,
revisiting this same question provides a window through which to view how far the profession has progressed in understanding and challenging inequities that affect recruitment, development, progression, retention and diversity of pre-service and in-service teachers and educational leaders
Physicochemical, structural, and techno-functional characterization of Solanum scabrum leaf protein concentrates obtained by alkaline extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and ultrafiltration
Full text linkGlobal demand for plant-based proteins is rapidly increasing, driven by sustainability concerns and health-conscious consumer preferences. In this context, African nightshade (Solanum scabrum), an underutilized leafy biomass rich in protein, represents a promising alternative protein source. This study investigated the influence of alkaline extraction followed by isoelectric precipitation (AE-IP), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and ultrafiltration (UF), on the yield, composition, structural and functional characteristics of Solanum scabrum protein concentrates (AE‑IP_SPC, UAE_SPC, UF_SPC). UAE significantly enhanced protein yield (48.71%) compared to AE-IP (34.02%), while UF produced concentrates with lowest yield (26.45%) but highest protein content (71.43%). UF_SPC exhibited a lighter color (L*=71.53±0.22) and lower browning index (20.76±0.11%) than AE-IP_SPC (L*=57.89±0.17; browning index=42.90±0.54%), indicating reduced pigment co-extraction. Scanning electron microscopy revealed dense, fibrous structures with irregular cracks in AE-IP_SPC, smooth, layered structures with interconnected channels and cavities in UAE_SPC, and irregular wavy patterns and shallow depressions in UF_SPC. UF_SPC displayed the highest absolute zeta potential values at both acidic (36 mV at pH 2) and alkaline pH (-39 mV at pH 10), indicating enhanced electrostatic repulsion and improved colloidal stability. Functionally, UF_SPC and UAE_SPC exhibited superior solubility at alkaline pH, along with enhanced emulsifying and foaming properties. Spectroscopic analysis suggested extraction-dependent alterations in protein conformation associated with improved hydration behavior. Overall, ultrasound-assisted and ultrafiltration approaches effectively improved the functional and nutritional performance of Solanum scabrum protein concentrates, supporting their potential application as sustainable plant-based protein ingredients and establishing clear process-structure–function relationships
Modelling laminar flow in V-shaped filters integrated with catalyst technologies for atmospheric pollutant removal
Full text linkAtmospheric pollution from particulate matter, volatile organic compounds and greenhouse gases is a critical environmental and public health issue, leading to respiratory diseases and climate change. A potential mitigation strategy involves utilising ventilation systems, which process large volumes of indoor and outdoor air and remove particulate pollutants through filtration. However, the integration of catalytic technologies with filters in ventilation systems remains underexplored, despite their potential to simultaneously remove particulate matter and gases, as seen in flue gas treatment and automotive exhaust systems. In this study, we develop a predictive, long-wave model for V-shaped filters, with and without separators. The model, validated against experimental and numerical data, provides a framework for enhancing flow rates by increasing fibre diameter and porosity while reducing aspect ratio and filter thickness. These changes lead to increased permeability, which lowers energy requirements. However, they also reduce the pollutant removal efficiency, highlighting the trade-off between flow, filtration performance and operational costs. Leveraging the long-wave model alongside experimental results, we estimate the maximum potential removal rate () if a billion V-shaped filters integrated with catalytic enhancements were deployed in operation. These findings highlight the feasibility of catalytic filters as a scalable, high-efficiency solution for improving air quality and mitigating atmospheric pollution
The implications of surrogacy recommendations on current and future reproductive technologies
Full text linkThere have long been calls for reform to surrogacy law – and the Law Commissions’ recent project represented a significant step towards meaningful change. However, the regulation of surrogacy cannot be considered in isolation and inevitably raises questions about other reproductive technologies. A symposium, funded by Broadly Conceived, explored the broader implications of the Law Commissions’ recommendations relating to surrogacy. In this blog series, each presenter from the symposium reflects on the impact of these recommendations on current (and future) reproductive practices
Winners and losers!
No full textThe article examines some of the legal pitfalls associated with lottery syndicates with particular reference to the presumption of a resulting trust and presumption of gift. It also highlights the importance for members of lottery syndicates to have proper written rules so as to avoid a win resulting in litigation. The article outlines a simple set of rules to be incorporated into a written syndicate agreement
Public procurement in Russia: state patronage, corruption, and tax evasion in the construction industry
No full textThis study examines public procurement in Russia’s construction sector, highlighting its deep entrenchment in corruption and state patronage. Based on 50 interviews with 27 business and state officials, we find that authorities enable corruption and tax evasion for self-enrichment and power consolidation. Contrary to claims that digitalisation curbs corruption in public procurement, we argue that state patronage sustains a cycle of illegal practices. A weak judiciary reinforces corruption, increasing state intervention, eroding public trust, and lowering tax compliance. As a result, corruption remains socially accepted, making meaningful reform unlikely
High moisture extrusion based texturization and functional modulation of pea protein isolate through integration with cultivated beef
Full text linkThe increasing global demand for meat can be sustainably leveraged by alternative protein, but the inferior quality of current plant-based meat analogues has somewhat disillusioned consumers. Small inclusion level of cultivated beef (CB) to bulk pea protein isolate in the high moisture extrusion (HME) showed a process unlock how to modulate the texture and instrumental sensory properties of the hybrid pea protein extrudates. Such novel co-extrusion delivered improved physicochemical and flavour properties as well as imparted distinct change in texture and microstructure. A comparison between hybrid pea protein extrudates with 10 % CB (E-PCB10) and 2 % CB (E-PCB2) showed a clear enhancement of the water holding (∼16.7-fold) and oil holding (∼67-fold) capacities in E-CPB10 and the instrumental sensory analyses also showed up to 30 % reduction of key off-flavour markers of pea protein in E-PCB10 along with reduction in bitterness and astringency. E-PCB10 and E-PCB2 exhibit different microstructure compared to E-PPI, and E-PCB10 showed increased hardness, resilience, cohesiveness and chewiness as well as the mechanical strength. The scanning electron microscopy of extrudates revealed that higher concentrations of cultivated beef disrupted the pea protein matrix and the laminar structure in E-PPI becomes less easy to discern in E-PCB2 and E-PCB10. The increasing percentage of CB leads to a more enhanced protein-protein cross-linking in E-PCB10. These findings demonstrated for the first time that an addition of as little as 2 % and 10 % of cultivated beef can modulate the texture and microstructure of pea protein extrudate. This could lead to a promising texturization process for plant protein via microstructure modulation, reducing off-taste, and enhancing functional features to develop high-quality, hybrid alternative protein-based meat analogue
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