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Results and implications of a study of fifteen years of satellite image classification experiments
No full textA study has been carried out of 15 years of published peer-reviewed experiments on satellite image classification. The aim of the study was to assess the degree of progress being made in thematic mapping through developments in classification algorithms and also in systems approaches such as postclassification analysis, multiclassifier integration, and data fusion. The results of over 500 reported classification experiments were quantitatively analyzed. This involved examination of relationships between classification accuracy and date of publication, as well as between accuracy and various experimental parameters such as number of classes, size of feature vector, resolution of satellite data, and test area. Comparisons were also made between different types of methodology such as neural network and nonneural approaches. Overall, the results show that there has been no demonstrable improvement in classification performance over the 15-year period. The mean value of the Kappa coefficient across all experiments was found to be 0.6557 with a standard deviation of 0.1980. Expected relationships between classification accuracy and resolution and between accuracy and number of classes were also not observed in the data. Some of the implications of these findings for the future research agenda are considered
Sunderland’s Legacy in New Denominations
Get PDFIn examining the contribution of the seven Sunderland conventions to the development of the Pentecostal movement in Britain, I make a number of assumptions. These assumptions are that the pentecostal movement begins in a state of disorganisation and, through a process of networking, conferences, emerging consensus and organisational initiatives, gradually turned into a series of discrete and separate denominations incorporating recognisably Pentecostal distinctives. The eventual variations between the denominations are partly doctrinal and partly administrative, and these differences depend upon factors that lie outside Sunderland. Sunderland is therefore important in the transitioning stage from the initial disorganised state to the eventual organised state
Religiously Affiliated Schools in Northern Ireland: The Persistence of Denominational Differences in Pupils' Religious And Moral Values
No full textNorthern Ireland has been and remains a country deeply divided, and this division is focused by the denominational distinction between Catholics and Protestants. The division is reflected in and supported by separate educational systems for Protestant and Catholic children. Between the late 1960s and early 1990s, John Greer pioneered a series of empirical enquiries concerning the distinctive religious, moral and social cultures of pupils educated in the two school systems. This study replicates earlier research he carried out in 1984 that investigated the religious beliefs and values of both Catholic and Protestant pupils in schools. The data provided by 1,099 Protestant pupils and by 1,270 Catholic pupils confirm Greer’s earlier conclusion that there are significant and consistent differences in the religious profiles of the two denominational groups. Some of the implications of this finding for accounts of the nature of the process of secularisation and for education and schooling in Northern Ireland are considered
The role of religious fundamentalism in terrorist violence: A social psychological analysis
No full textThis paper examines the social-psychological factors often implicated in discussions of terrorist violence/martyrdom, with a particular focus on the role of religion. We offer a brief description of the psychological theories underpinning terrorist research before focusing on social-psychological factors. The roles of psychopathology, irrationality and grievance/threat are examined, followed by empirical research on the beliefs which have been associated with the perpetration and support of terrorist violence, and the social factors which foster those beliefs, including social identity, socially carried interpretations, group leadership and individual differences. Although religion is not a single, simple causal factor in terrorist violence, religious elements often feature strongly in the belief systems associated with terrorist violence, and can also feature in other important fostering factors for terrorist violence, such as the use of rhetoric. Finally, the status of lay explanations of terrorist violence, focusing on the role of religious fundamentalism is examined
A Survey of Performance Evaluation and Control for Self-Similar Network Traffic
Get PDFThis paper surveys techniques for the recognition and treatment of self-similar network or internetwork traffic. Various researchers have reported traffic measurements that demonstrate considerable burstiness on a range of time scales with properties of self-similarity. Rapid technological development has widened the scope of network and Internet applications and, in turn, increased traffic volume. The exponential growth of the number of servers, as well as the number of users, causes Internet performance to be problematic as a result of the significant impact that long-range dependent traffic has on buffer requirements. Consequently, accurate and reliable measurement, analysis and control of Internet traffic are vital. The most significant techniques for performance evaluation include theoretical analysis, simulation, and empirical study based on measurement. In this research, we discuss existing and recent developments in performance evaluation and control tools used in network traffic engineering
Main Group Dithiocarbamate Complexes
No full textDithiocarbamates, R2NC(S)S−, are highly versatile ligands towards main group metals; they can stabilise a wide variety of oxidation states and co-ordination geometries, and seemingly small modifications to the ligand can lead to significant changes in the structure/behaviour of the complexes formed. The literature on main group dithiocarbamate complexes has not been reviewed as a whole since the 1970s, despite the large number of publications that have appeared subsequently. This review focuses primarily on structural aspects of all main group dithiocarbamate complexes, covering the essential literature from 1978 to 2003
Distance Exhibition
Get PDFIntroductory text written by the exhibition officer for Avenue Gallery, Suzanne Stenning from the Avenue Gallery and used as a press release in 2009.
Avenue Gallery is pleased to present ‘Distance’, an exhibition of new work by UK artists Alec Shepley (Head of Lincoln School of Art and Design) and John McClenaghen (Head of Fine Art at Glyndwr University, North Wales). Both artists have exhibited their work nationally and internationally, last showing together in a joint exhibition in Shanghai in 2006. ‘Distance’, comprising assemblages and collages, photographs and drawings, is the result of their continuing long-distance artistic conversation.
The presentation of the fragmented work and the presence of dilapidation is tangible in much of their artistic practice. However much of this work focuses on the positive aspects of ruin – on a thing that might be coming into being as opposed to be left to decay. There is evidence of a preoccupation with cutting, placing, re-cutting and re-placing, joining and unjoining, in the collages/assemblages and one look inside either artist’s workshops would reveal an almost neurotic disruption of the ‘outcome’ – telescoping between making and un-making. Could the ‘works’ themselves be ruins – failing in a way to remain intact?
Any reading of the ‘complete picture’ is disrupted and we are afforded only partial, distanced view - the artwork/viewer/location relationship is interrupted through a provisionalised engagement - meaning and function are unstable. The pre-occupation with fragmentation and the temporary artwork; cutting and rejoining; doing and un-doing; building and un-building, are attempts to reveal ‘spaces of potential’ – perhaps to prise open and invite occupation of the ‘joins’ or gaps themselves.
Avenue Gallery is located in The University of Northampton’s Avenue Campus on St. George’s Avenue, Northampton NN2 6JD. Admission is free. For more information about the exhibition please contact the Gallery on 01604 893046 or email [email protected]
A Review of the Design Issues and Techniques for Radial-Flux Brushless Surface and Internal Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet Motors
No full textThis paper reviews many design issues and analysis techniques for the brushless permanent-magnet machine. It reviews the basic requirements for the use of both ac and dc machines and issues concerning the selection of pole number, winding layout, rotor topology, drive strategy, field weakening, and cooling. These are key issues in the design of a motor. Leading-edge design techniques are illustrated. This paper is aimed as a tutor for motor designers who may be unfamiliar with this particular type of machine
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of Glass Fibre Dispersion in an Internally Spout-Fluidised Bed for Thermoplastic Composite Processing
Get PDFLarge eddy simulation (LES) has been conducted to investigate glass fibre dispersion in an internally spout-fluidised bed with draft tube and disk-baffle, which was used in the manufacture of long glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites. The LES results have demonstrated that the internally spout-fluidised bed with draft tube and disk-baffle can remarkably improve its hydrody-namic behaviour, which can effectively disperse fibre bundles and promote pre-impregnation with resin powder in manufacturing fibre reinforced thermoplastics. The hydrodynamics of the spout-fluidised bed has been investigated and reported in a previous paper (Hosseini et al., 2009). This study attempts to reveal important features of fibre dispersion and correlations between the fibre disper-sion and the characteristics of turbulence in the internally spout-fluidised bed using the LES modelling, focusing on the likely hydro-dynamic impact on fibre dispersion. The simulation has clearly indicated that there exists a strong interaction between the turbulent shear flow and transported fibres in the spout-fluidised bed. Fibre entrainment is strongly correlated with the local vorticity distribu-tion. The dispersion of fibres was modelled by a species transport equation in the LES simulation. The turbulent kinetic energy, Rey-nolds stress and strain rate were obtained by statistical analysis of the LES results. The LES results also clearly show that addition of the internals in the spout-fluidised bed can significantly change the turbulent flow features and local vorticity distribution, enhancing the capacity and efficiency of fibre flocs dispersion
Performance Evaluation of The Split Transmission in Multihop Wireless Networks
Get PDFMultimedia applications in multihop wireless networks have great market potential. Multiple channels and multiple radios are commonly used to explore multimedia transmissions in multihop wireless networks. Split transmission allows multiple channels attached to different radios to be used simultaneously, and so to achieve a fundamentally improved transmission capacity. The goal of this paper is to present a theoretical background to justify the improved performance of split transmission. We theoretically study and derive formulae to study the improvement in worst-case delay, average throughput and average delay jitter when using split transmission as opposed to non-split transmission. We believe that this is the first attempt to consider split transmission in theory