938 research outputs found
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Wake up Call: Achieving Compliance with Youth Justice Orders'
Get PDFCommunity disposals, which are privileged over custody as a response to young offenders, incorporate both punitive and rehabilitative elements in order to punish, deter and rehabilitate. Failure to comply with them has serious implications for young people, in both the short and longer term. In the literature a clear distinction is made between short term formal compliance with requirements of community orders, and more substantive (less measurable) engagement with the spirit of the endeavour to help young people turn away from crime. The article draws on a small qualitative study of young people in receipt of community orders and YOT workers, to explore aspects of supervision of young people in receipt of community disposals. In particular it focuses on ways in which YOT workers support young people to achieve compliance, how this support is received by young people and the implications for their longer term outcomes. The article suggests that while driven by an imperative to avoid breach among young people, levels and type of support provided may not necessarily enable young people to realize the longer term objective of desistance from crime
Models for Research in Art, Design, and the Creative Industries
Get PDFResearch in art and design involves the knowledge and understanding associated with creative works. Practice-led research is also an integral part of art and design. All these areas have been subject to ongoing discussion and debate. One of the current challenges is to produce models that facilitate and enable the development and advancement of research within art and design. However, these models must also synchronise with institutional, national and international frameworks for research development, evaluation, and assessment. The latter can have implications for faculty advancement and also formulaic allocations of research funding across the sector. Practice-led and practice-based research have also generated substantial discussion in terms of seeking a consensus on what is appropriate for developmental purposes and academic assessment. In addition, this area also needs evaluation methods which are fair and consistent across different types of practice. The current situation is that works in these areas are assessed, various types of metric are compared and evaluated, and a proposal is made for the inclusion of metrics alongside the development and use of research models for the development of research. It is argued that deeper analyses of, and more enlightened interdisciplinary approaches to, this are clearly needed
Improving the performance of shell-and-tube heat exchangers by the addition of swirl
Get PDFHeat exchanger is a component which is used to transfer the heat from one medium to another efficiently. Generally, they occupy a large space compared to other components and such bulky designs are not attractive in the modern industrial applications due to several constraints. Therefore, it is invaluable to develop compact heat exchangers but with the improved performance. In this work, an investigation was made on the possibility of reducing the size of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger by addition of swirl. Swirl was generated by using a twisted-tape which inserted inside tube and the effects of these tapes on the heat transfer rate and pressure drop were theoretically studied. The results showed that a half-length regular spaced twisted-tape insert gave the lowest Nusselt number while a full-length twisted-tape insert gave the maximum Nusselt number and hence the highest rate of heat transfer. The length of the heat exchanger could be reduced by 13.3% with a full-length twisted tape and this would be result in 6.8% of reduction of the fabrication cost. Therefore, addition of swirl into the fluid flow should help to design compact and low cost heat exchanges with improved performance but the pressure drop increased leading to an increase of the required pumping power. A prototype shell-and-tube heat exchanger was designed and fabricated based on the theoretical results. Studies are underway to experimentally investigate the overall effectiveness of the use of twisted-tape inserts for enhancing the heat transfer rate by considering all the related benefits and drawbacks
Entrepreneurial intentions: A grounded theory of green-fielding
Get PDFPurpose of the paper: As a conclusive rationale behind continued global growth in entrepreneurial activity remains the subject of academic and economic debate, the purpose of this paper is to provide additional insight into the sources of entrepreneurial intentions.
Methodology: The methodology used is grounded theory, an inductive approach which generates theory rather than verification of existing findings. The coding procedures lead to sub-categories, data patterns and a core.
Limitations: The research is limited in two areas, first the range of sectors and second the geographical coverage which is restricted to entrepreneurs located in North East Wales.
Implications: As i-career is increasingly attractive to a range of demographic sectors, the implications further challenge traditional employment progress and patterns. That may require businesses to review structure and reward offers to provide additional flexibility for contractual placements.
Originality: Within the concluding discussion it is evident that the broad nature of entrepreneurial origins produces additional knowledge as contemporary working patterns evolve to encompass societal and economic changes and priorities, the i-career. The content has value to a wide spectrum of businesses for role planning and workforce arrangements, and also to the would-be entrepreneur
Neurodiversity and fostering creativity through assessment: Issues for computing students in Higher Education
Get PDFHigher Education within the UK is attracting a higher proportion of previously under represented people with cognitive disabilities such as Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) or Asperger’s syndrome (AS). Assessment schedules that enable students to demonstrate a range of sophisticated cognitive abilities are lacking (Sadler 2009), and despite the laudable shift towards developing student centred learning outcomes; the assessment task(s) have remained largely unchanged, with links between learning outcomes and that which is assessed, being almost always implicit or tenuous at best (Rust 2002).
The notion of lateral thinking and creativity may not come naturally to people ASD/AS; and if links between learning outcomes and assessments are implicit, then people with ASD/AS may not ‘see’ what other students glean from reading between the lines. This paper explores notions of fostering creativity through assessment amongst computing students within Higher Education, the potential solutions discussed may inform educational practice with all learners
Comparative Evaluation of Radio and Audio Logo Sound Designs
Get PDFThe testing of sound designs often involves only expert evaluations; training is commonly required when non-experts participate, which can alter the listening experience. This paper presents a method of evaluating sound designs for radio and audio logos that avoids listener training. Sound designs incorporating sound effects, music or dialogue can be broken down into discrete sound events that can then be rated using attributes of sound meaningful to both designers and listeners. Two examples are discussed, a radio drama, and a set of audio logos. Both of which were tested using a repertory grid approach. The paper shows that the method can highlight similarities and differences between designer and participant listening experiences. Comparing listening experiences could allow designers to be more confident about the reception of their sound designs
Do different psychological types look for different things in sermons? A research note
Get PDFA sample of 76 Evangelical Anglican churchgoers completed the Francis Psychological Type Scales and rated the importance that they attribute to a sermon speaking to their imagination. The data demonstrated that sermons speaking to the imagination were rated more highly by intuitive types, feeling types, and perceiving types than by sensing types, thinking types, and judging types. Different psychological types look for different things in sermons
"Dangerous conversations”: a case study involving language
Get PDFPurpose
Drawing on the approach of Bourdieu (1977, 1986), and using language as an exemplar, the purpose of this paper is to engage in a “dangerous conversation” to explore how and why issues of diversity were mobilised, ignored and leveraged in one particular service context.
Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative research exploring the language choices of 25 service users who had been processed through the criminal Justice System in Wales in the last five years.
Findings
The argument is made that in some service contexts, a habitus obtains that renders reflexivity about diversity issues problematic and predicates against the critical reflection necessary to promote anti-oppressive practice.
Research limitations/implications
Small sample size, not generalisable.
Practical implications
The authors intend the paper to encourage greater reflection on instances when diversity issues are raised and to render simplistic any attempt to invalidate claims of discrimination.
Social implications
Encourage dialogue about claims of discrimination and greater reflection by service providers about the legitimacy of such claims.
Originality/value
Anti-oppressive theorising has, for the most part, constructed minority group members as passive victims within hierarchical power relationships. While acknowledging how power is unequally distributed, the paper challenges hierarchical models which designate minority group members as bereft of power
Exploring player communication in interactions with sport officials
Get PDFCommunication and player management are central to officiating, but player-official interaction is difficult to train and unresearched. This study interviewed team captains from different sports and used video elicitation and Goffman’s (The presentation of self in everyday life, 1959, Interaction ritual: Essays in face-to-face behaviour, 1967) dramaturgical sociology of social interaction to explore ways players interact and attempt to influence officials. Players were found to behave irrationally sometimes, but mostly they are strategic. Player attitudes to interactions range from fatalistic acceptance to whatever the official decides, through selective complaint, to continuous opportunism. Players attempt to influence officials directly and indirectly through complaining, questioning, flattery or praise. These findings deepen our understanding of the balance – between authority, accountability and respectfulness – that characterises effective communication and interaction with players
CdTe thin film solar cells produced using a chamberless inline process via metalorganic chemical vapour deposition
Get PDFCd1 − xZnxS and CdTe:As thin films were deposited using a recently developed chamberless inline process via metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) at atmospheric pressure and assessed for fabrication of CdTe photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. Initially, CdS and Cd1 − xZnxS coatings were applied onto 15 × 15 cm2 float glass substrates, characterised for their optical properties, and then used as the window layer in CdTe solar cells which were completed in a conventional MOCVD (batch) reactor. Such devices provided best conversion efficiency of 13.6% for Cd0.36Zn0.64S and 10% for CdS which compare favourably to the existing baseline MOCVD (batch reactor) devices. Next, sequential deposition of Cd0.36Zn0.64S and CdTe:As films was realised by the chamberless inline process. The chemical composition of a 1 μm CdTe:As/150 nm Cd0.36Zn0.64S bi-layer was observed via secondary ions mass spectroscopy, which showed that the key elements are uniformly distributed and the As doping level is suitable for CdTe device applications. CdTe solar cells formed using this structure provided a best efficiency of 11.8% which is promising for a reduced absorber thickness of 1.25 μm. The chamberless inline process is non-vacuum, flexible to implement and inherits from the legacy of MOCVD towards doping/alloying and low temperature operation. Thus, MOCVD enabled by the chamberless inline process is shown to be an attractive route for thin film PV applications