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Assessment of residual nitrite levels in cooked sausages: Compliance, thermal processing effects, and consumer safety
Full text linkThe increasing global consumption of processed meat, which
often contains nitrite as a preservative, raises health concerns due to potential
adverse effects from its metabolites, such as nitric oxide and N-nitroso compounds.
The study sought to evaluate the food safety of processed meat products within the
Serbian market, specifically in the Belgrade region. Nitrite levels were analysed in
cooked sausages, both in their raw state and after undergoing the manufacturer's
recommended thermal processing prior to consumption, if applicable. Additionally,
thus far, there has been a lack of research exploring the potential influence of
residual nitrite levels in the meat products prepared as per manufacturer
recommendations prior to the consumption of meat products, as well as their
contribution to acceptable daily intake (ADI), which provides crucial insights into
the overall dietary safety of processed meats. During a three-year period, the study
performed analysis on a total of 77 cooked sausages, following the standard ISO
methodology. Boiling the cooked sausages led to a major reduction in this meatproduct additive, whereas frying led to a comparatively smaller decrease in nitrite
concentration. Additionally, the greatest exposure to nitrite compounds occurs
when consuming meat products without prior preparation, i.e., without thermal
treatment by consumers before ingestion. In summary, the assessment of the ADI
for nitrites revealed a high level of food safety, with all values noticeably below the
maximum permitted levels specified by national legislation (150 mg/kg)
ADVANTAGES OF MORE STRESSFUL COLD TEST PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATION OF MAIZE SEED VIGOUR
No full textCold test (CT) is the oldest vigour test, which is widely used for testing maize seed. CT has not
been validated and it is not included in the ISTA Rules, due to the variations in the soil used as a
substrate and differences in test procedures. The objective of this study was to compare two CT
procedures by evaluation the seed vigour of 12 maize seed lots. Soil was used in both cases with
differences in chilling temperature (10 °C in standard and 7.5 °C in severe CT). Also duration of
low temperatures was prolonged from 7 (standard CT) to 10 days (severe CT). Germination at
optimal conditions were the same (7 days at 2030°C). Statistical analysis showed that seed
lots differed significantly in seed vigour. The application of severe CT created larger differences
between lots, but they maintained similar rank positions in both CT procedures, leading to a very
high rank correlation. Results of this research show that standard CT is a good indicator of maize
seed vigour, but severe CT is useful for clearer differentiation of maize seed lots.Hladni test je najstariji vigor test, koji se koristi za ispitivanje semena kukuruza širom sveta.
Ovaj test nije validiran i nije uključen u ISTA pravila, zbog varijacija u kvalitetu zemlje koja se
koristi kao supstrat i zbog različitih procedura ispitivanja. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se uporede dve
procedure hladnog testa ispitivanjem vigora semena 12 partija kukuruza. U oba slučaja je korišena
zemlja ali je primenjena različita temperatura za hlađenje (10°C u standardnom i 7,5°C u stresnom
hladnom testu). Takođe je produženo trajanje niskih temperatura sa 7 (standardni hladni test) na
10 dana (stresni hladni test). Klijanje u optimalnim uslovima bilo je isto (7 dana na 2030°C).
Statistička analiza je pokazala da se partije semena značajno razlikuju po vigoru semena. Primenom
stresnijeg hladnog testa stvorene su vee razlike između partija semena, ali su one bile rangirane
na sličan način u obe procedure, što je dovelo do veoma visoke korelacije ranga. Rezultati ovog
istraživanja pokazuju da je standardni hladni test dobar pokazatelj vigora semena kukuruza, ali je
stresniji hladni test koristan za jasnije razdvajanje partija semena kukuruza
Alternaria species on Convolvulus arvensis revealed as potential inoculum source for solanaceous crops in Serbia
No full textAlternaria pathogens are a global agronomic challenge affecting the health of Solanaceae crops. Crop debris, seeds, and perennial weeds are potential inoculum reservoirs, but knowledge on their relative importance remains limited. Plants of Convolvulus arvensis showing early blight and brown leaf spot symptoms were collected from in and around potato and tomato fields in Serbia, grown both in open conditions and in tunnels, in the late season of 2021 - 2022. Morphological and phylogenetic analysis was conducted on collected samples, using three genes (GPD, CAL, RPB2) for large-spored species and six genes (Alt a1, ATP, HIS3, endoPG, TEF-1, OPA10-2) for small-spored species of Alternaria. A total of 58 strains were identified - four large-spored species (A. grandis, A. solani, A. protenta, and A. linariae) and two small-spored species (A. alternata and A. arborescens). Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated loci and haplotype network for every investigated locus revealed that large-spored isolates from C. arvensis exhibit a low genetic variability, suggesting common haplotypes in a broad solanaceous host range. Meanwhile, small-spored Alternaria isolates displayed high genetic diversity in all examined gene regions indicating potential geographical haplotype distribution per HIS3 locus. Pathogenicity tests confirmed the virulence of all isolates on original hosts, with crop plants of potato and tomato also showing high susceptibility. Notably, this research documents six Alternaria species on C. arvensis in Serbia for the first time, significantly broadening our understanding of the pathogen's diversity and suggesting new sources of inoculum in solanaceous crops
Sustainable Utilization of Novosadska variety Buckwheat as Cultivated Biodiversity-Friendly Crop
No full textBuckwheat is important not only for its role in enhancing soil quality and preventing
erosion but also for its excellent nutritional profile, making it suitable for use in functional foods. This
study aimed to investigate how long-term storage (3, 6, and 9 months) affects chemical, nutritional,
and antioxidative properties, phenolic acids, and the bioflavonoid profiles of Novosadska variety
buckwheat. Standard methods were used for quality determinations, and instrumental methods
(spectrophotometry, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography) were employed to
determine antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds in Novosadska variety buckwheat. One-way
ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests were performed for statistical data processing. Throughout
the storage period, proximate composition and starch content significantly decreased (p < 0.05),
while total carbohydrates, β-glucan, and energy value significantly increased (p < 0.05). Significant
decreases in pH and alcoholic acidity (pH = 0.55) and 0.33% DM were observed. Total phenol content
and antioxidant activity decreased to 5.57 mg GAE/g DM TPC, 22.20 µmol Fe2+/g DM FRAP, and
8.12 µmol TE/g DM DPPH during storage (p < 0.05). Of the 15 phytochemical compounds, gallic,
p-coumaric, trans-cinnamic acids, and epicatechin were highly abundant in this buckwheat variety,
with a notable 38% decrease in epicatechin. Dihydrocaffeic and phloretic acids, daidzein, naringin,
and naringenin were also quantified in buckwheat. Its easy adaptability to the environment, ability to
attract various insects, being a speedy short-season growing plant for food, and numerous nutritional
and health benefits give buckwheat the potential to be a sustainable and biodiversity-friendly crop
Ocena pokazatelja kvaliteta semena hibrida paprike tokom klijanja
Full text linkThe aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of the hybrid and the medium for germination testing on indicators of pep- per seed quality. The obtained results should provide an answer as to whether the application of different growing media for testing seed germination can lead to discrepancies between test results in quality indicators for hybrid seeds. The seed quality of three pep- per hybrids: KG 2025 F1, KG 2129 F1 and KG 2032 F1 was tested on two growing media (filter paper and substrate). Statistical analysis of germination energy, total germination, diseased seedlings and dead seeds showed highly significant differences (r<0.01) under the influence of the hybrid factor. The growing media factor also had a highly significant effect on all examined quality indica- tors, except for total germination. A significantly lower number of abnormal and diseased seedlings was found on the filter paper compared to the substrate. A highly negative significant correlation (r = -0.90951, p≤0.001) was recorded only between total germi- nation and diseased seedlings. The obtained results indicate that the application of different media for testing the germination of hy- brid pepper seeds can lead to inconsistencies in the obtained values for all evaluated quality indicators.Cilj istraživanja je bio da se izvrši ocena uticaja hibrida i podloge za ispitivanje klijavosti na pokazatelje kvaliteta semena paprike. Dobijeni rezultati treba da daju odgovor da li primena različitih podloga za ispitivanje klijavosti može dovesti do neslaganja između rezultata ispitivanja u pokazateljima kvaliteta kod hibridnog semena paprike. Ispitivani su tri različita hibrida paprika: KG 2025 F1, KG 2129 F1 i KG 2032 F1 na dve različite podloge (filter papiru i supstratu). Statistička analiza energije klijanja, ukupne klijavosti, bolesnih klijanaca i mrtvog semena pokazala je visoko značajne razlike (р<0,01) pod uticajem faktora hibrid, dok je uticaj hibrida na broj nenormalnih klijanaca izostao. Faktor supstrat značajno je uticao na nivou (р<0,01) na sve ispitivane pokazatelje kvaliteta, osim na ukupnu klijavost. Veoma značajna interakcija (р<0,01) ispitivanih faktora u pogledu svih ispitivanih pokazatelja kvaliteta semena paprike dobijena je kod međusobnog uticaja faktora hibrid × supstrat. Kod hibrida KG 2025 F1 konstatovana je prosečno vrlo značajno veća energija klijanja i ukupna klijavost, u odnosu na ostala dva hibrida. Ispitivani hibridi su značajno brže klijali sedmog dana u proseku za 26% na podlozi filter papir, u odnosu na utvrđenu energiju klijanja na podlozi supstrat. Na podlozi filter papir konstatovan je značajno manji broj nenormalnih i bolesnih klijanaca u odnosu na podlogu supstrat. Visoko negativna značajna korelacija (r = -0,90951, p≤0.001) zabeležena je samo između ukupne klijavosti i bolesnih klijanaca. Ostvareni rezultati ukazuju da primena različitih podloga za ispitivanje klijavosti hibridnog semena paprike može dovesti do nepodudarnosti dobijenih vrednosti kod svih ocenjivanih pokazatelja kvaliteta
Biochemical analysis β-carotene and lycopene content in tomato fruits under water stress
No full textDrought can alter the metabolic profile of plants by accumulation or reduction of specific carotenoids that could affect their adaptive response. Lycopene stands out as one of the most characteristic carotenoids, playing a crucial role in determining the nutritional quality of tomatoes, but
also as an important antioxidant in the response of plants to drought. The aim of this study was
to verify whether changes in carotenoids content (β-carotene and lycopene) in the fruits under
drought stress. Plants of two tomato lines (M7 and R83) previously differed in drought response in
vegetative phase were grown in a glasshouse. Two water regimes were applied (optimal field capacity and water deficit - reduction of water for 30% compared to control). For analyses were used
the red ripe fruits of tomatoes from 2nd and 4th floral branches. ß-carotene and lycopene content
were determined using the spectrophotometry method. Biochemical analyses of β-carotene and
lycopene indicated on differences in their content between genotypes and treatments. Generally,
higher content, especially of β-carotene, was found in the fruits of the R83 line compared to the
M7 line. The greatest accumulation of both carotenoids, particularly lycopene was detected in the
fruits of the R83 line from 4th floral branch under water deficit. Based on the obtained results, the
duration of plant exposure to stress affected the carotenoid content and the R83 line showed a
potentially better response to drought stress at fruit level
Differential physiological response of cabbage autochthonous cultivar Futoški to infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
No full textAutochthonous cabbage cv. Futoški is known for its specific taste and quality. Its yield may be
affected by plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). The aim of
this work was to examine physiological response of cabbage cv. Futoški to infection with differently virulent Xcc strains. Pathogenicity of eighteen Xcc strains, isolated from cabbage cv. Futoški
was assessed on cabbage plants under controlled greenhouse conditions. Plants were visually
observed for symptoms development two weeks after inoculation and scored according to the
Horsfall-Barratt scale. Based on the obtained results, Xcc strains were divided into three groups
with different virulence potential, i.e. low (3.15–4.93%), medium (7.20–11.35%), and high (21.30–
36.90%). These groups correspond to plants exhibiting low (L), medium (M) and high (H) disease
intensity, respectively. Physiological and morphological parameters – chlorophyll, epidermal flavonoids, nitrogen balance index (NBI), leaf fresh and dry weight, as well as leaf photosynthetic
parameters were measured in infected plants. The highest chlorophyll content was detected in
H plants, which was accompanied by increased photosynthetic quantum yield, and NBI was also
elevated by 25% in H plants compared to the L plants. Contrarily, the level of epidermal flavonoids
was 25% lower in H plants compared to L plants. Necrotic-induced leaf chlorophyll reallocation,
and consequently increased photosynthetic efficacy, may be linked to plants survival strategies
under infection and maintaining availability of resources. Defense strategies through activation of
secondary metabolism in most infected plants were not observed, as shown by similar values of
epidermal flavonoids compared to control.http://rimsi.imsi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3310https://enauka.gov.rs/handle/123456789/94159
ANALIZA TRENDA KADMIJUMA U HRANI ZA ŽIVOTINJE
No full textHeavy metals are potent metabolic inhibitors. Cadmium is considered a non-essential element and has high emissions in the biosphere due to anthropogenic activities. The aim is to indicate the importance of cadmium in feedstuff as a potential contamination source. Microwave digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry were used to examine 298 feedstuff samples. A high amount of cadmium above permitted is present in 0.67% of samples. Continuous cadmium monitoring is necessary to prevent its uncontrolled entry into the food chain
Aceria artemisiifoliae Vidović & Petanović (Acari: Eriophyoidea) on common ragweed – the second record in the world
Full text linkCommon ragweed – Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae) is an invasive plant species in Europe native
to North America. Most of the records of known eriophyid mites on different ragweed species are from their native
range. Our field experiments in Slovakia, 2016–2023, aimed to identify specific species feeding on common ragweed.
We searched for symptomatic plants and collected growing tips, which were then preserved in 70% ethanol for further
study. A recently described species of eriophyid mite, Aceria artemisiifoliae Vidović & Petanović (Acari: Eriophyoidea),
was found in western and eastern Slovakia. This is the first record of the species in Slovakia and the second record in
the world. It remains unclear whether this species is invasive like Ambrosia, and whether it could be used as a potential
biological control agent
Tomato Pomace Powder as a Functional Ingredient in Minced Meat Products—Influence on Technological and Sensory Properties of Traditional Serbian Minced Meat Product Cevapi
Full text linkThe aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of tomato pomace (TP) on the technological and sensory properties of ćevapi. Four treatments were prepared as follows: control (CON) and samples with the addition of TP in amounts of TP5 (0.5%—5 g/kg), TP10 (1%—10 g/kg), and TP20 (2%—20 g/kg). Technological properties (pH values, water activity (aw) cooking loss, length reduction), instrumental colour and texture, and sensory properties were examined. The addition of TP powder did not result in significant differences in pH and aw values between CON and modified treatments (in both raw and grilled). The addition of TP in the amounts higher than 10 g/kg significantly reduced cooking loss, while length reduction was observed when 20 g/kg was added. Also, significantly higher values of yellowness were observed in both the raw and grilled ćevapi, when 10 g/kg and more of TP was added. Significantly higher hardness and chewiness were observed in all experimental treatments. However, differences in instrumental colour and texture were not negatively perceived by the assessors, and there were no significant differences in any observed sensory properties between the CON and experimental treatments. Moreover, all the experimental treatments received a relatively high mark of around seven and higher on a nine-point hedonic scale. Further research could focus on the examination of salt/meat reduction as well as oxidative stability during freeze storage