Procter & Gamble (United Kingdom)
PlantaRum - Repository of the Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, BelgradeNot a member yet
1543 research outputs found
Sort by
Genetic diversification of Aceria species inhabiting Juglans regia in Serbia
No full textMolecular analyses based on mtCOI barcode
region showed clear separation between three
Aceria species on J. regia. Two of them, A. erinea
and A. tristriata were already well-established in
Serbia (Petanović & Stanković, 1999). However,
the status of the third species remains unknown,
and ongoing taxonomic characterization
combining molecular and morphometric
analyses is underway
REOCCURRENCE OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA IN CENTRAL SERBIA
No full textErwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight (FB), a major threat to pome fruit production worldwide. Since its first detection on apple and pear in Serbia, in 1989, the disease occurred periodically depending mostly on favorable weather conditions. The infection during blooming period results in severe symptoms, reduced yield, plant damage and eradication.
During the spring of 2024, fruit growers reported frequent occurrence of apple, pear and quince FB in several localities of Central Serbia. Typical symptoms included blackening along the leaf midrib and veins or full necrosis of leaves as if scorched by fire, shepherd's crook and occasional occurrence of bacterial exudate on infected tissue. The etiology of symptoms was confirmed by isolation of bacteria from the diseased tissue. The isolates showed growth and biochemical characteristics typical for E. amylovora. Pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by prick-inoculation of young pear fruits. After 48 h at high humidity, the tissue necrosis developed around the inoculation site followed by oozing of bacterial exudate one day later. The identity of the isolates with E. amylovora was confirmed by real-time PCR analysis using Ams116F/Ams189R primers and Ams141T hydrolysis probe.
We assume that unusual late winter and early spring weather significantly contributed to fire blight epidemic. Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia registered the highest average monthly temperatures for February, March and April ever since meteorological data are recorded. The average monthly temperature in February was 8.1°C, with the highest maximal daily temperature reaching 22.8°C during the heat wave from 3rd to 11th February. The temperatures above the average continued in March and until mid April, which induced premature plant development, resulting in exposure of sensitive plant tissues and organs to subsequent drop of temperature in the mid April. The cold front covering the country in the second decade of April lowered early morning temperatures below zero, contributing to pome fruit flowers, young fruits and woody parts frost micro-injuries, facilitating the bacterial ingress favored by periods of rainy and sunny days alternating during May.
In years like 2024, when FB occurs with higher intensity leading to significant economic losses, the influence of the climatic conditions on the disease incidence becomes clear, as well as the lack of sufficiently effective protection measures against the pathogen. Therefore, we would like to emphasize the importance of monitoring the weather conditions and forecasting FB in order to predict such epidemic incidents. Timely informing of the growers provides a chance for implementation of either anti-frost or any adverse weather protection and disease management strategies more effectively, ensuring optimal orchard protection
Determination of bioactive components in different tomato lines: Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity
Get PDFTomato, one of the most produced vegetables in the world, is experiencing continuous global increase in both production and consumption. Fruit quality traits are important for fresh market tomatoes as well as for the processing industry. Despite the growing demand for both fresh and processed tomatoes, consumers are not satisfied with the quality of available fruits. The main objectives of the present work were to determine the physicochemical characteristics [pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acids (TTA), TSS/TTA ratio, DMC, lycopene, β-carotene, vitamin C, and total phenolic content], as well as the antioxidant activity of 13 different tomato lines, and to identify the most promising ones in terms of fruit taste and quality. Antioxidant activity was determined using the ABTS and DPPH methods with Trolox used as the standard compound. PCA analysis was conducted to identify group patterns. The results of PCA analysis indicated a specific genotypic response in all investigated physicochemical traits. Genotypes 2, 10, and 13 were identified as the best for fresh consumption, as they exhibited the highest levels of compounds crucial for good taste, nutrition, and human health benefits. The most promising genotype related to fruit quality attributes was genotype 10 with the best TSS and TAA content and TSS/TAA ratio, which is important for overall taste perception. On the other hand, genotype 9 showed promise for industrial purposes due to its ideal pH value in the juice and good soluble solid content. High antioxidant activity was characteristic of genotypes 1 and 2, and their consumption as fresh tomatoes can be beneficial to human health. They also should be considered for further evaluation as potentially interesting genotypes for abiotic stress research and selection programs which can lead to the development of both superior fruit quality and stress tolerant genotypes
Uticaj uslova skladištenja na instrumentalnu boju proizvoda od heljde za primenu u industriji mesa
No full textBuckwheat is one of the functional pseudocereals rich in
antioxidants, nutrients, bioactive compounds, and phytochemicals. Colour
represents one of the most important sensory parameters in the quality assessment
of the meat products. The aim of this study was to determine the possible effect of
9-month artificial aging storage at 40 ± 2 °C on the change in instrumental colour
of buckwheat products used in the meat industry. In the CIE L*a*b* system, L*,
a*, and b* coordinates are used to specify the data of instrumental colour
properties. The results were statistically processed by two-way ANOVA (P<0.001)
and Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference post-hoc tests (P<0.05). Storage and
product type (and their interaction) factors significantly influenced instrumental
colour. During storage, significant differences were observed between the time
points (0, 3, 6, and 9 months) in flour, with trends of decreasing lightness (L*) and
increasing red (a*) and yellow (b*) colour intensity values. Regarding product
type, significantly higher L* values were observed in flour, while a* values were
higher in grains. Except for the 3rd month, b* values did not show significant
differences. The insights gained in this study may indicate the further application
of stored buckwheat flour and grains in obtaining technologically justified and
colour-sensory acceptable meat end-products for consumers.Heljda je jedna od funkcionalnih pseudožitarica bogata antioksidansima, hranljivim
materijama, bioaktivnim jedinjenjima i fitohemikalijama. Boja predstavlja jedan od
najvažnijih senzornih parametara u proceni kvaliteta proizvoda od mesa. Cilj ovog
istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi mogući uticaj 9-mesečnog veštačkog starenja u
skladištu na 40 ± 2 °C na promenu instrumentalne boje proizvoda od heljde koji se
koriste u mesnoj industriji. CIE L*a*b* sistem sa L*, a* i b* koordinatama je bio
korišćen za specifikaciju podataka o svojstvima instrumentalne boje. Rezultati su
bili statistički obrađeni testovima dvofaktorska ANOVA (P<0.001) i Tukey-jev
Honestly Significant Difference post-hoc (P<0.05). Faktori skladištenje i tip
proizvoda (i njihova interakcija) su značajno uticali na instrumentalnu boju. Tokom
skladištenja uočene su značajne razlike između preseka (0, 3, 6 i 9 meseci) u
brašnu, sa trendovima opadanja svetloće (L*) i povećanja vrednosti intenziteta
crvene (a*) i žute (b*) boje. Prema tipu proizvoda, značajno veće vrednosti L* su
bile u brašnu i a* u zrnu, dok vrednosti b*, sa izuzetkom u 3. mesecu, nisu bile
značajno različite. Uvidi stečeni u ovoj studiji mogu ukazati na dalju primenu
uskladištenog heljdinog brašna i zrna u dobijanju tehnološki opravdanih i bojasenzorno prihvatljivih krajnjih proizvoda od mesa za potrošač
Scaphoideus titanus forecasting and management: quo vadis?
Get PDFScaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a major pest for European viticulture due to its high
efficiency in the transmission of one of the most destructive pathogens for grapevine, namely flavescence dorée phytoplasmas. Although it plays a major role in spreading this disease, S. titanus is part of a complex epidemiological cycle involving several alternative vectors with variable relevance for phytoplasma spread. Here we provide an updated review on
S. titanus monitoring and modelling, as well as the available tools for management of this pest and for limiting phytoplasma
transmission and, thus, also spread. Insecticide-based control is examined; additional emphasis is placed on innovative and
low-impact control approaches, such as vibrational mating disruption, biocontrol, and methods to reduce vector competence. We also discuss the main emerging challenges to the implementation of effective and sustainable control programs
against S. titanus
Residual efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) on treated wheat grains
No full textEvaluation of Bacilus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and spinosad-based products in protection of apple orchards against Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
No full textStatus of Aculus fockeui (Nal. & Trt.) (Acari, Eriophyoidea) associated with sweet and sour cherry: morphometric and molecal results
No full textTotal phosphorus content in meat products on the market of the Republic of Serbia and regulatory compliance
No full textThis study focused on monitoring the phosphate levels in meat
products on the Serbian market over a two-year period and evaluating the
producers' compliance with regulations on additive usage. During the mentioned
period, 74 different meat products (222 samples in total) were analyzed, including
finely and coarsely minced cooked sausages. The analysis was conducted using the
standard method (SRPS ISO 13730:1999) at the Institute of Animal Husbandry,
Belgrade – Zemun laboratory. Content of total phosphorus expressed as P2O5
varied between 2.01 g/kg and 6.98 g/kg for finely minced sausages, while for
coarsely minced sausages, it ranged from 4.13 g/kg to 7.97 g/kg. The results show
that producers incorporate phosphates in line with the specified limits.Ovo istraživanje se fokusiralo na praćenje nivoa fosfata u proizvodima od mesa na
tržištu Srbije u periodu od dve godine i procenu usklađenosti proizvođača sa
propisima o upotrebi aditiva. Tokom pomenutog perioda analizirana su 74 različita
proizvoda od mesa (ukupno 222 uzorka), uključujući fino i grubo usitnjene barene
kobasice. Analiza je sprovedena standardnom metodom (SRPS ISO 13730:1999) u
Laboratoriji Instituta za stočarstvo, Beograd – Zemun. Sadržaj ukupnog fosfora,
izražen kao P2O5 se kretao od 2,01 g/kg do 6,98 g/kg kod fino usitnjenih kobasica,
dok je kod grubo usitnjenih bio između 4,13 g/kg i 7,97 g/kg. Rezultati pokazuju
da proizvođači koriste fosfate u skladu sa propisanim granicama