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Characterization of gingerbread cookies enriched with quinoa and defatted apple seed flour: nutritional, antioxidant and sensory properties
No full textThe effect of partial whole wheat flour substitution by quinoa flour (QF) and defatted apple seed flour (DASF) on the
nutritional, antioxidant and sensory properties of gingerbread cookies was studied. Four cookies were prepare with 10%
quinoa flour, and three of them contained DASF in three different ratios: 5%, 10% and 15%. They were compared with
a control cookie made from 100% whole wheat flour. To predict the functionality of composite flours, the assessment of
their technological properties was conducted. Water holding capacity increased, but oil holding and swelling capacity did
not change by the addition of DASF to gingerbread cookies. Solvent retention capacity tests revealed an increase in retention of water, lactic acid and sucrose solutions while retention of sodium carbonate decreased by the addition DASF to
composite flours compared to the control. Proximate composition analysis suggested that the use of DASF increased lipid
and crude fibre content in 15% DASF cookies while protein, ash, total carbohydrates and energy values were unchanged in
all tested samples. Analysis of total phenolic, flavonoid and dihydroxycinnamic derivative content in gingerbread cookies
extracts indicated that phenolic acids were the main extract constituents and mostly contributed to their antioxidant properties. Antioxidant tests showed that enrichment of gingerbread cookies with DASF improved their antioxidant properties,
especially DPPH radical scavenging activity. Sensory analysis revealed that the DASF and quinoa enriched gingerbread
cookies were in the category of excellent quality (overall sensory quality 4.91)
Colletotrichum Species Associated with Apple Bitter Rot and Glomerella Leaf Spot: A Comprehensive Overview
Full text linkSpecies of the genus Colletotrichum are among the most important plant pathogens globally,
as they are capable of infecting many hosts—apple (Malus spp.) and other fruit and woody plant
species—but also vegetable crops, cereals, legumes, and other annual and perennial herbaceous
plants. The apple (Malus spp.) is attacked by various species from the genus Colletotrichum, whereby
27 different species from this genus have been described as the causative agents of apple bitter rot
(ABR) and 15 as the cause of Glomerella leaf spot (GLS). These species generally belong to one of three
species complexes: Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum boninense.
The largest number of apple pathogens of the genus Colletotrichum belong to the species complex C.
acutatum and C. gloeosporioides. However, further data on these species and the interactions between
the species complexes of the genus Colletotrichum that cause these two apple diseases is needed
for the development of effective control measures, thus ensuring successful and profitable apple
cultivation. To contribute to this endeavor, a comprehensive review of the causative agents of ABR
and GLS from the genus Colletotrichum is provided. In addition to presenting the species’ current
names, distribution, economic significance, and the symptoms they cause in apple, their development
cycle, epidemiology, and molecular detection strategies are described, with a particular emphasis on
control measures
A plea for using the correct taxon names of phytoplasma vectors: a case of Reptalus artemisiae, a vector of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani'
Full text linkThe planthopper Reptalus artemisiae (Becker, 1865) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) is an emerging vector of
'Ca. Phytoplasma solani', and a well studied species for nearly two decades for its tentative, and later
proven, vector role in phytoplasma transmission (Trivellone et al., 2005; Chuche et al., 2016).
However, until recently, there was a misidentification of this taxon, leading to the incorrect
nomenclature of Reptalus quinquecostatus (Dufour, 1833) (Webb et al., 2013), which is actually the
name of another cixiidae species, previously known as Reptalus melanochaetus (Fieber, 1872) and
now considered as its junior synonym. The case of misidentification was presented and documented
in detail by Webb and coauthors (2013), while the question of naming Reptalus quinquecostatus sensu
Fieber was resolved by Emeljanov (2020), who made the necessary nomenclatural changes. The
changes were made following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Article 70.3. We
present here an overview of the (in)correct use of the taxon names for the two species in the last three
years since the changes were made and make a plea for using the correct taxon names
The response of the antioxidant system of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) to infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in combination with drought stress
No full textThe aim of this research was to investigate distinct effects of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and drought stress (D) and their combined effects (Xcc + D) on the activity of peroxidase (POD) and the phenolic composition in cabbage leaves (autochthonous cultivar Futoški).
This pathogen causes black rot, severely affecting Brassicaceae cultivation, and in combination
with drought, it leads to significant cabbage yield losses. The combined stress resulted in maximum stomatal closure, almost seven times higher compared to the control and 40% more than
in drought-stressed plants. On the contrary, the photosynthesis efficiency remained unchanged.
The highest accumulation of epidermal flavonoids was observed in Xcc + D plants, whereas the
chlorophyll content remained stable, nitrogen balance index (NBI) decreased by 20% compared
to the control and drought-stressed plants. The highest POD activity was induced by drought
alone, while combined stress reduced POD activity by almost 50%. In this experiment, the optical fiber fluorescence measurements were performed directly on the surface of the investigated
plant leaves (excitation and emission wavelengths of 375 nm and 400-800 nm). It was found that
the intensity of the fluorescence spectra with emission maxima at 457 and 520 nm was higher in
the Xcc-infected leaves than in the healthy and drought-stressed leaves. These results showed an
increase in emission intensity in the spectral region corresponding to phenolics, suggesting that
the accumulation of phenolic compounds may be a plant response to the pathogen infection
First report of Colletotrichum nigrum causing tomato anthracnose in Serbia
Full text linkDuring the survey of open tomato fields in Vojvodina (Serbia), characteristic anthracnose disease symptoms,
including black, circular, sunken, and watery lesions, were observed in about 20% of fruits in September 2018. Subsequent pathogen isolations formed white aerial mycelia and numerous spherical, black conidiomata on the Potato Dextrose Agar. Ten representative isolates produced hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical, and aseptate conidia. The presence
of initially brownish necrotic lesions on the tomato, which later expanded into large rotted areas, ultimately leading
to complete fruit rot, confirmed the pathogenicity of the tested isolates. Molecular identification was performed using
Bayesian analysis of concatenated ITS, TUB2, CHS-1, and ACT loci. Based on the combination of the morphological
and molecular features, the fungus Colletotrichum nigrum was identified as the causal pathogen. As this is the first
report on this fungal pathogen on tomatoes in Serbia, it highlights the importance of early and accurate detection for
effective disease prevention, thus reducing crop damage and market losses
AGRO-PRERAĐIVAČKA INDUSTRIJA: NAPREDNE TEHNOLOGIJE ZA PREČIŠĆAVANJE OTPADNIH VODA MESNE INDUSTRIJE: PREGLEDNI RAD
No full textWastewater from the meat industry contains high concentrations of organic matter. The composition of these wastewaters depends on the type of meat being processed, the frequency of slaughtering, the size of the plant, and the disinfectants used to maintain hygiene. In order to achieve satisfactory wastewater quality and reduce environmental pollution, the agroindustry applies and develops different technologies for wastewater treatment. This review paper provides a literature overview of some of the most commonly used methods in wastewater treatment within the meat industry
УТИЦАЈ Bacillus spp. НА ПАТОГЕНА ПШЕНИЦЕ Alternaria alternata И in vitro УСЛОВИМА
Full text linkSpecies of the genus Alternaria are significant wheat contaminants
during production, transport and storage, requiring biocontrol measures which typically rely on
the bacteria from the Bacillus genera. As these are among the most beneficial and exploited
biocontrol agents, in this study, the inhibitory activity of indigenous Bacillus spp. was assessed
against the Alternaria alternata isolate originating from the wheat seed. Two of the
fifteen Bacillus s pp. i ncluded i n t he s tudy s howed t he i nhibitory effect. Specifically,
25.0−55.0% inhibition of A. alternata growth was achieved when the isolate coded as NB11
was applied in 106−109 cells mL-1 concentrations. On the other hand, when applied in 107−109
cells mL-1 concentrations, the isolate coded as NB16 inhibited A. alternata growth by
35.2−51.1%, but was ineffective at lower concentrations. Thus, these in vitro assays indicate
that both Bacillus spp. (NB11 and NB16) isolated from the wheat rhizosphere can be applied
in practice in the control of A. alternata
Effect of treatment with Bacillus safensis strain P114 on bioactive compounds of sweet pepper under water deficit conditions
No full textAnaliza komponenata prinosa paradajza gajenog u združenom usevu sa nevenom
No full textLekovite biljke poput nevena mogu uticati na povećanje prinosa i kvaliteta plodova povrtarskih vrsta, kao i produţiti njihov rok trajanja posle berbe. Cilj istraţivanja je bio da se procene komponente prinosa paradajza gajenog u zdruţenom usevu sa nevenom. Eksperiment je sproveden tokom 2022. i 2023. godine u poljskim uslovima korišćenjem SP-109 genotipa paradajza, koji je selekcionisan u Institutu za povrtarstvo Smederevska Palanka. U toku vegetacije biljke su prihranjivane i navodnjavane. Eksperiment je postavljen po sluĉajnom blok sistemu u ĉetiri ponavljanja. Primenjena su tri tretmana: T1 - ĉist usev paradajza (razmak izmeĊu redova 50 cm i izmeĊu biljaka 25 cm), T2 - zdruţen usev paradajza i nevena (sa istom gustinom kao u T1 tretmanu) i T3 - zdruţen usev paradajza i nevena (sa redukovanim razmakom izmeĊu redova na 25 cm). Mereni su broj plodova i masa plodova po biljci, kao glavne komponente prinosa
Screening of Nutritionally Important Components in Standard and Ancient Cereals
No full textSustainable nutrition and food production involve dietary habits and farming systems which are eco-friendly, created to provide highly nutritious staple crops which could serve as a functional food at the same time. This research sought to provide a comprehensive analysis of whole-grain cereals, and some ancient grains toward important macro- (protein), micro-nutrients (mineral elements), and bioactive compounds, such as dietary fiber (arabinoxylan and β-glucan) and antioxidants (phytic acid, total glutathione, yellow pigment, and phenolic compounds) to provide functionality in a sustainable diet. Genotypes, such as durum wheat, triticale, spelt, emmer wheat, and barley, could be considered important and sustainable sources of protein (ranging 11.10–15.00%), as well as prebiotic fiber (β-glucan and arabinoxylan, ranging 0.11–4.59% and 0.51–6.47%, respectively), essential elements, and various antioxidants. Ancient grains can be considered as a source of highly available essential elements. Special attention should be given to the Cimmyt spelt 1, which is high in yellow pigment (5.01 μg·g−1) and has a capacity to reduce DPPH radicals (186.2 µmol TE·g−1), particularly Zn (70.25 mg·kg−1). The presence of phenolics, dihydro-p-coumaric acid, naringin, quercetin, epicatechin in grains of oats (Sopot), as well as catechin in barley grains (Apolon and Osvit) underline their unique chemical profile, making them a desirable genetic pool for breeding genotypes. This research provides a comprehensive assessment of different nutritional aspects of various cereals (some of which are commonly used, while the others are rarely used in diet), indicating their importance as nutraceuticals. It also provides a genetic background that could be translated the genotypes with even more profound effects on human health