Procter & Gamble (United Kingdom)
PlantaRum - Repository of the Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, BelgradeNot a member yet
1543 research outputs found
Sort by
POTATO MINITUBER PRODUCTION BY AEROPONICS: EFFECTS OF GENOTYPE AND PLANT ORIGIN
No full textAeroponics is a modern farming technology for soilless potato cultivation that enables the efficient production of high-quality pre-basic seed potatoes (minitubers). In this system, the roots and underground stems (stolons) of the potato plants grow within closed modules, suspended in a fine mist of a nutrient-rich solution that continuously recirculates. This setup enables the formation of numerous minitubers with a length greater than 10 mm during the growing period. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of the genotype and origin of the planting material on minituber production in an aeroponic facility in Guča, Serbia. Three potato cultivars were analyzed: Cleopatra, Kennebec, and Désirée, using two types of planting material: acclimated microplants and plants derived from the previous season’s minitubers. The plants were cultivated aeroponically from late May to December 2019, with a planting density of 24 plants per square meter and harvest intervals of approximately 14 days. The Désirée cultivar produced the highest average number of minitubers per plant (19.89), followed by Kennebec (15.71) and Cleopatra (11.05). The average weight of minitubers was significantly greater in plants grown from last season’s minitubers compared to plants grown in vitro. The Kennebec plants originating from minitubers achieved the highest yield of 10.27 kg per square meter. Additionally, the plants originating from minitubers consistently produced tubers throughout the entire cultivation period in the aeroponic growing system
Insect vectors of "flavescence dorée" and related phytoplasmas in natural areas of riparian habitats in Serbia
Full text link“Flavescence dorée” (FD) outbreaks in Serbian vineyards first emerged in the
early 2000s and were directly correlated with dense populations of the North
American insect vector Scaphoideus titanus. The FD phytoplasma associated
with the disease was first treated as alien and introduced, like it happens for
its insect vector. However, the genetic peculiarities of FD phytoplasma strains
from Serbia, as well as their occurrence in native alder trees in riparian areas
and clematis plants in vineyard surroundings and in natural habitats, proved
otherwise. Molecular data on the ecological properties of epidemiological
cycles driving the epidemic outbreaks of FD in Serbia today indicated the
importance of alders as reservoir plants for the epidemics (Krstić et al., 2022).
Riparian habitats hosting alder trees, alongside wild Vitis, Salix sp., clematis,
tree of heaven, and other FD phytoplasmas reservoir plants, were screened for
native leafhopper vectors as well as for Orientus ishidae, a newly established
vector of Asian origin in Serbia (Cvrković et al., 2021). Leafhopper Allygus
modestus and A. mixtus were commonly found in association with alders
in many sites, with the former being the dominant species. An established
population of O. ishidae feeding on alders was found in a single location of
riparian habitat in eastern Serbia. Among the analyzed leafhopper specimens,
using epidemiologically informative map gene typing, nearly all A. modestus
individuals were found carrying FD or -related phytoplasmas, while nearly
50% of O. ishidae were found infected at the same location. However,
A. modestus specimens had a lower phytoplasma load (Cq > 25) than O. ishidae
(Cq < 20 in 50% of infected individuals), even though they were collected in
the same period of the year. When comparing the map genotypes carried
by each of the putative vector species, A. modestus most often carried AldY genotypes, while O. ishidae was dominantly found harboring FD phytoplasma
genotypes of both Map-FD1 and FD2 clusters. The experimental verification
of the transmission capability and role in FD phytoplasma epidemiology for
each of the leafhopper species is under study
Population genetics of the global grapevine pest Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Acari: Cecidophyinae: Colomerini)
Full text linkColomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) is the economically most important pest within the genus Colomerus. In addition to direct damage feeding, it also transmits virus diseases in grapevine. Depending on the type of injury, three morphologically identical strains can be distinguished: erineum, bud, and leaf curl strain. Over the last two decades, the use of molecular genetic tools, has contributed significantly to our understanding of natural genetic variation and speciation within different strain of C. vitis. Several studies suggest that erineum and bud strain are distinct, closely related species, and indicate that C. vitis is a complex of cryptic species. The main objective of our research was to estimate the genetic divergence among the specimens of the erineum strain of C. vitis collected in the Balkans (Serbia, Greece, and Croatia) based on the COI gene and to combine it with all available data. The analysis of COI sequences in the 12 eriophyid populations obtained in this study showed high genetic variability. The presence of two groups corresponding to G1 and G5 was identified by the ML topologies of the phylogenetic tree
In-Depth Characterization of Crown Gall Disease of Tobacco in Serbia
Full text linkIn August 2020, the unusual appearance of crown gall symptoms was observed on the
tobacco plants (hybrid PVH2310) grown in fields in the Golubinci (Srem district, Serbia) locality. The
causal agent isolated from galls located on tobacco roots formed circular, convex, and glistening
light blue colonies, and then dark to olive-green-colored bacterial colonies on a semi-selective D1
medium. Molecular analysis based on multiplex PCR and multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA)
using concatenated sequences of the atpD, dnaK, glnA, and rpoB genes as well as 16S rRNA identified
Serbian tobacco isolates such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens (biovar 1). Two duplex PCR methods
confirmed the presence of the virD2 and virC genes in tobacco isolates. Pathogenicity tests performed
on carrot discs and squash fruits resulted in tumor/gall formation after 12 to 16 days post inoculation,
respectively. Pathogenicity was also confirmed on tobacco plants, where isolates caused tumor
development 21−25 days after inoculation. API 50 CH generated results regarding the biochemical
features of the Serbian tobacco isolates. As A. tumefaciens (biovar 1) as a cause of tobacco crown gall
has previously been documented solely in Japan, there is presently no data on its wider occurrence.
Therefore, this first detailed investigation of A. tumefaciens isolated from naturally infected tobacco in
Serbia will contribute to a better understanding of it at the global level
The Effect of Biotic Stress in Plant Species Induced by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’—An Artificial Neural Network Approach
Full text linkInfections with phytoplasma present one of the most significant biotic stresses influencing
plant health, growth, and production. The phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infects
a variety of plant species. This pathogen impacts the physiological and morphological characteristics
of plants causing stunting, yellowing, leaf curling, and other symptoms that can lead to
significant economic losses. The aim of this study was to determine biochemical changes in peony
(Paeonia tenuifolia L.), mint (Mentha × piperita L.), and dill (Anethum graveolens L.) induced by ‘Ca.
Phytoplasma solani’ in Serbia as well as to predict the impact of the biotic stress using artificial neural
network (ANN) modeling. The phylogenetic position of the Serbian ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’ strains
originated from the tested hosts using 16S rRNA (peony and carrot strains) and plsC (mint and dill
strains) sequences indicated by their genetic homogeneity despite the host of origin. Biochemical
parameters significantly differed in asymptomatic and symptomatic plants, except for total anthocyanidins
contents in dill and the capacity of peony and mint extracts to neutralize superoxide anions
and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a correlation
between different chemical parameters and revealed a clear separation among the samples. Based on
the ANN performance, the optimal number of hidden neurons for the calculation of TS, RG, PAL, LP,
NBT, •OH, TP, TT, Tflav, Tpro, Tant, DPPH, and Car was nine (using MLP 8-9-13), as it produced
high r2 values (1.000 during the training period) and low SOS values. Developing an effective early
warning system for the detection of plant diseases in different plant species is critical for improving
crop yield and quality
GLOBAL WARMING AND OCCURRENCE OF TROPICAL ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES IN THE FIELD IN SERBIA
No full textRoot-knot nematodes (RKN) of the genus Meloidogyneare considered to be the most harmful plant parasitic nematodes. Several RKN species belonging to the tropical RKN group ( M. incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica, M. luci, etc.) can cause significant crop damage, especially in greenhouses. In addition, yield losses of 50-80% caused by these nematodes are common in vegetable production and are greater in the field in tropical regions than in temperate regions due to more favorable environmental conditions. Global warming is likely to affect the future distribution of the pests, and RKN species previously found in tropical and subtropical regions are expected to become a new phytosanitary problem in temperate regions as well. One of the objectives of this study was to obtain data on the occurrence of tropical RKN species in the field in Serbia. The second objective was to create geographical maps of the possible spread of tropical RKN species in the field in Europe, including Serbia. The project was carried out within the framework of the Euphresco MeloTrop project and the official RKN survey financially supported by the Serbian Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management. As part of this project, five research partners from Slovenia, France, Portugal and Serbia joined forces in the MeloTrop consortium to achieve these goals in the period 2018- 2020. Sampling was carried out separately in the field and in greenhouses with vegetable crops and ornamental plants. In addition, a bioassay with tomato plants was performed using the collected soil samples positive to RKN to obtain nematode populations for RKN identification based on a combination of morphological, biochemical and molecular methods. The recorded data on the occurrence of tropical RKN species were also used for simulations of different climate change scenarios using the Climex simulation software. In Serbia, three out of 15 samples were positive for tropical RKN. Two samples came from fields, and in both samples M. arenaria was detected on potatoes and calla. Official monitoring of RNK species in Serbia continued even after the MeloTrop project was finished and was carried out in 23 districts of the Republic of Serbia in the period 2021-2023. A total of 241 samples of plant material and soil from vegetable and ornamental plant crops were collected. Four out of 114 samples originating from the fields with carrots and potatoes were positive for tropical RNK (M. javanica in mixed population with M. hap/a, M. arenaria (2) and M. incognita). According to MeloTrop project monitoring results, the tropical RKN species in the fields were mainly distributed in areas with Mediterranean climatic conditions. However, a small proportion of the sites were located in areas with semi-continental climate and milder winter conditions, such as in Serbia. From the modeling results of the Climex software, it can be concluded that M. arenaria and M. incognita threaten the larger area of the European territory, which was much more endangered under the climate change scenario
INSIGHT INTO SELECTED QUALITY PARAMETERS OF MEDLAR (MESPILUS GERMANICA L.) FRUIT GROWN IN SERBIA
Full text linkMedlar (Mespilus germanica L.) is considered as underutilized fruit,
it is nutritionally valuable rich in both primary and secondary metabolites. In this
work the physicochemical composition and antioxidant properties of medlar
fruits originated from different locations in Serbia were examined. The moisture
and protein contents of the fruits were in the ranges 73-79% and 0.43-0.47% w/w,
respectively. The aveage total phenolic content and antioxidant activity measured
by DDPH and FRAP assays, were 2131.62 µg/GAE/g, 1306.6 µmol TE/g and
916.46 µmol Fe2+ eq, respectively. Chlorogenic acid (9.61-11.62 µg/g) was the most
abundant phenolic acid, whereas contents of catechin (9.69-11.51 µg/g) and
epicathenine (7.29-25.31 µg/g) were the highest in most of samples
Eksperimentalni hibridi ljute paprike
No full textPrednosti hibrida u odnosu na sorte su mnogobrojne poput povećanja prinosa, uniformnosti plodova, otpornosti na biljne patogene, pojavu heterozisa i dr. To su razlozi zbog kojih se pristupilo istraţivanju sa hibridnim kombinacijama ljutih paprika. Cilj rada bio je da se stvori hibrid ljute paprike, koji će moći da odgovori postavljenim zahtevima na trţištu. Korišćeno je sedam eksperimentalnih hibrida paprike stvorenih ukrštanjem ms linije HM5 (jedarna muška sterilnost) kao linije majke i sedam ĉistih linija kao linije oca (LHP 1-7) i proizvedena su semena hibridnih kombinacija. U 2023. godini postavljen je ogled po sluĉajnom blok sistemu u tri ponavljanja sa po 40 biljaka u plasteniku Instituta za povrtarstvo Smederevska Palanka. Berba je obavlјena u punoj biološkoj zrelosti plodova. Analizirane su morfološke osobine ploda i sadrţaj suve materije (SSM) na 10 plodova (u tipu kapije) od svake kombinacije. Rezultati pokazuju da su hibridne kombinacije ispoljile statistiĉki vrlo znaĉajan uticaj kod parametara teţina, duţina i širina ploda, debljina perikarpa i SSM. Najbolje rezultate kod teţine ploda je ostvario hibrid HM5×LPH6 (119,70 g), dok je najveća duţina izmerena kod HM5×LPH4 (18,26 cm), a širina ploda od 6,02 mm (HM5×LHP1) i debljina perikarpa od 0,52 mm (HM5×LHP3). Visok SSM je zabeleţen kod HM5×LHP7 i HM5×LHP5 (10,5% i 9,40%). Broj plodova po biljci (12-16) i broj komora (2) je bio pribliţan kod razliĉitih hibrida i nije bilo statistiĉki znaĉajne razlike. PoreĊenjem sorti koje su prisutne na trţištu u odnosu na hibride, na osnovu rezultata ovog rada moţemo zakljuĉiti superiornost hibrida za gajenje u zaštićenom prostoru sa opravdanim ekonomskim efektom, za sveţu i industrijsku upotrebu
Microwave Irradiation as a Powerful Tool for Isolating Isoflavones from Soybean Flour
No full textThe use of microwave irradiation energy for isolating bioactive compounds from plant
materials has gained popularity due to its ability to penetrate cells and facilitate extraction of
intracellular materials, with the added benefits of minimal or no use of organic solvents. This
is particularly significant due to the possibility of using extracts in the food and pharmaceutical
industries. The aim of this work is to examine the effect of microwave irradiation on the extraction of
three of the most important isoflavones from soybean flour, glycitin, genistin, and daidzin, as well as
their aglycones, glycitein, genistein, and daidzein. By varying the extraction time, temperature, and
microwave power, we have established the optimal parameters (irradiation power of 75 W for 5 min)
for the most efficient extraction of individual isoflavones. Compared to conventional maceration
and ultrasound-assisted extraction, the total phenol content of the extracts increased from 3.66 to
9.16 mg GAE/g dw and from 4.67 to 9.16 mg GAE/g dw, respectively. The total flavonoid content
increased from 0.38 to 0.83 mg CE/g dw and from 0.48 to 0.83 mg CE/g dw, and the antioxidant
activity increased from 96.54 to 185.04 μmol TE/g dw and from 158.57 to 185.04 μmol TE/g dw, but
also from 21.97 to 37.16 μmol Fe2+/g dw and from 30.13 to 37.16 μmol Fe2+/g dw. The positive
correlation between microwave extraction and increased levels of total phenols, flavonoids, and
antioxidant activity demonstrates the method’s effectiveness in producing bioactive compounds.
Considering the growing recognition of glycitein’s potential role in medical and pharmaceutical
applications, microwave-assisted extraction under optimized conditions has proven highly efficient
KVALITET SEMENA LUCERKE IZ RAZLIČITIH REGIONA SRBIJE U PERIODU ČUVANJA DO 42 MESECA
Full text linkThis study presents the findings from assessing the quality of alfalfa seeds collected from three Serbian regions: in each region,
batches of seeds from six places were analyzed. The following criteria were investigated: the proportion of dormant seeds, the
germinated seed content, the proportion of dead seeds, and the percentage of aberrant seedlings. Seed quality was assessed af ter six,
eighteen, thirty, and forty-two months of storage. The highest seed quality was obtained after thirty and eighteen months of seed
storage (91% and 89% of germination, respectively). During the 42-month storage period, the percentage of dead seeds (8%) and
abnormal seedlings (7%) increased, while germination declined to 84%. In a storage period of six months, the participation of
dormant seeds of 21% affected the germination rate, which was 77%, regardless of the low proportion of dead seeds (1%) and
abnormal seedlings (2%).U оvом istraživanju su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja kvaliteta semena lucerke kolekcionisane iz tri regiona Srbije: u svakom
regionu su ispitivane partije semena sa šest lokaliteta. Ispitivani su sledeći parametri: udeo semena; dormantnog, klijalih, mrtvog% i
udeo nenormalnih klijanaca (%). Analiza kvaliteta semena je rađena nakon čuvanja šest, osamnaest, trideset, i četrdeset dva meseca.
Najbolji kvalitet semena je ostvaren nakon trideset (klijavost 91%) i osamnaest meseci čuvanja semena (klijavost 89%). U periodu
čuvanja od 42 meseca povećalo se učešće mrtvog semena (8%) i nenormalnih klijanaca (7%), a klijavost je opala na 84%. U perodu
čuvanja od šest meseci učešće dormantnog semena od 21% je uticalo na klijavost koja je bila 77%, bez obzira na nizak udeo mrtvog
semena (1%) i nenormalnih klijanaca (2%).https://enauka.gov.rs/handle/123456789/91539