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Unraveling phenetic and phylogenetic relationships among Cecidophyes mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea)
No full textThirty-five morphological characters were
measured for statistical analyses. The
morphological variability and phenetic
relationships among the studied species were
analyzed using MANOVA, CVA, and UPGMA
analyses. Phylogenetic relationships were
investigated using the D1-D2 region of the 28S
rDNA gene sequences. The ML phylogenetic tree
revealed species separation into three groups,
indicating that Cecidophyes is paraphyletic. The
MANOVA showed statistically significant
interspecific differences. Both the CVA and
UPGMA analyses yielded identical results,
notably the clear distinction of C. psilonotus and
two clusters: one comprising C. gymnaspis and
C. lauri and the other composed of the
remaining four species
Ambrosia trifida against Ambrosia artemisiifloia: will crops be invaded by a stronger competitor?
No full textToward the Development of the Trojan Female Technique in Pest Insects: Male‐Specific Influence of Mitochondrial Haplotype on Reproductive Output in the Seed Beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus
No full textBiocontrol techniques that impair reproductive capacity of insect pests provide opportunities to control the dynamics of their
populations while minimizing collateral damage to non-target species and the environment. The Trojan Female Technique, or
TFT, is a method of the trans-generational fertility-based population control through the release of females that carry mitochondrial DNA mutations that negatively affect male, but not female, reproductive output. TFT is based on the evolutionary hypothesis that, due to maternal inheritance of mitochondria, mutations which are beneficial or neutral in females but harmful in males
can accumulate in the mitochondrial genome without selection acting against them. Although TFT has been theoretically substantiated, empirical work to date has focused only on Drosophila melanogaster populations, while the existence of male-biased
mutations and the TFT approach in economically important pest species remain unexplored. Here, we examined the sex-specific
effects of three distinct and naturally occurring mitochondrial haplotypes (MG1a, MG1d, and MG3b) on several reproductive
and life history traits in the seed beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus. Our results revealed that males harboring the MG3b mitotype
exhibited lower early fecundity and fertility, while there were no effects on females or longevity in either sex. Our experiments
provide support for the existence of the mitochondrial variant that specifically impairs male reproductive output in pest insects.
These results can be harnessed to further develop TFT as a novel form of biocontrol with broad applicability to economic pests
and disease vector insects
Influence of stem cutting height on the nutritional value of corn silage
No full textWith an increase in the cutting height of the corn stalks, the crude protein content increases,
and thus the nutritional value of the corn silage. During Treatment I, the highest crude protein
content was achieved by silage harvester B (7.18%), and the lowest by harvester C (7.03%).
The lowest sensitivity during Treatment I was recorded in harvesters A (b = 0.0451) and B (b
= 0.0460), and the highest in harvester C (b = 0.0733). It was found that this dependence was
very strong for all types of tested silage harvesters, C (R2
= 0.9973), B (R2
= 0.9907), A (R2
=
0.9847) respectively. In Treatment II, silage harvester B also achieved the maximum crude
protein content of 8.17%, and harvester C the minimum (7.97%). The minimum sensitivity
during Treatment II was recorded in harvester C (b = 0.0171), and higher in harvesters A (b =
0.0208) and B (b = 0.0213). The R2
factor values showed a strong dependence in all three
cases A (R2
= 0.9960), B (R2
= 0.9655) and C (R2
= 0.9903). The content of crude fiber
decreased with the increase in the cutting height of the stems. The maximum values of crude
fiber content were achieved by harvester C (24.05% in Treatment I and 21.63% in Treatment
II). The lowest crude fiber content was achieved during the operation of harvester B (23.03%
in Treatment I and 21.08% in Treatment II). Harvester B showed the lowest sensitivity during
Treatment I (b = -0.1705) and during Treatment II (b = -0.1486) compared to other types of
silage harvesters
Wheat hybrids under conditions of stress and yield
No full textSelection of tolerant hybrids is an important step in achieving good yields. The effect of water is
considered one of the most important factors in plant production. The aim of these studies was to determine the
most reliable parameter (germination, coleoptile and root length, fresh and dry weight) for the monitor and
confirm Libyan H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5 hybrids sensitivity to moisture deficit. Based on the results all tested
hybrids classified in the category tolerant to water stress. All tested parameters are considered reliable
parameters for testing the sensitivity of hybrids to moisture deficit.Izbor tolerantnih hibrida je važan korak u postizanju dobrih prinosa. Uticaj vlage se smatra jednim
od najvažnijih faktora u biljnoj proizvodnji. Cilj sprovedenih istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi najpouzdaniji
parametar (klijavost, dužina koleoptila i korena, sveža i suva masa) za praćenje i potvrdu osetljivost libijskih
H1, H2, H3, H4 i H5 hibrida na deficit vlage. Na osnovu rezultata svi testirani hibridi svrstani su u kategoriju
tolerantnih na stress uzrokovan nedostatkom vlage. Svi ispitivani parametri smatraju se pouzdanim
parametrima za ispitivanje osetljivosti hibrida na deficit vlage
New insights on Flavescence dorée epidemiology in Serbia
Full text linkFlavescence dorée (FD) is a severe grapevine disease caused by FD phytoplasmas (FDp), impacting
major viticultural regions in Europe. The epidemic spread of FD within vineyards is facilitated by the
Nearctic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus, completing its life cycle on Vitis sp. plants in Europe
(Chuche & Thiéry, 2014). Through genotyping of the informative house-keeping gene map, FDp has
been categorized into three genetic clusters, each associated with specific vector and reservoir plant
epidemiology or geographic distribution (Arnaud et al., 2007; Malembic-Maher et al., 2020).
Genotypes of the Map-FD2 cluster are most abundant in vineyards in France, Switzerland, Italy,
Croatia, and Slovenia, while FD3 prevails in the Balkans (reviewed in Krstić et al., 2022). Epidemic
outbreaks of FD in Serbian vineyards began in the early 2000s, and despite extensive preventive and
curative measures, today FD is affecting vineyard areas in all administrative districts in Serbia(Krstić
et al., 2022).Until recently, the M51 genotype belonging to the Map-FD3 cluster, which is common in
all districts and wine-growing regions, was the only genotype associated with the FDp outbreaks in
Serbian vineyards.Subsequent surveys in the late 2010s on the occurrence and diversityof FDp in
Serbian vineyards revealed for the first timetheoccurrence of other genotypes, including members of
the Map-FD2 cluster: M89, M148, and M155, indicating that FDp in Serbian vineyards is not
monotypic and has a complex epidemiology(Krstić et al., 2022). This discovery prompted a more indepth
investigation into the specific ecological factors contributing to disease outbreaks to assess the
significance of these new findings. Initial results from this research are presented herein
Yield, morphological and physiological parameters of organic Avena sativa L. plant as affected by mineral, organo-mineral and steel slag amendments to acid soil
No full textOat (Avena sativa L.) is one of the most important self-fertilizing field plant belonging to the
Poaceae family, with multiple purposes as a fodder plant and in human nutrition. Of all the
cereals, it tolerates heavy and wet soils the best, but with a very good reaction to fertilization [1].
The current study evaluated the effects of solely application of mineral (NPK) and organo-mineral
(OM) fertilizers, and their individual combination with steel slag (SS), on the certain measured
morphological parameters (mean number of leaves per plant - MNLP; minimum leaf length per
plant - MinLL, in cm; maximum leaf length per plant - MaxLL, in cm; number of ears per plant
- NEP), physiological parameters [content of: chlorophyll - Chl, flavonoids - Flv, anthocyanins -
Ant, nitrogen balance index (Chl/Flav Ratio) - NBI], and the yield, in oat crops, between the
treatments and in relation to the control. The experiment was performed in semi-controlled
greenhouse conditions, in pots, from the 4th decade of March to the 4th decade of June, in 2024,
using organic oat seeds, with Eutric Cambisol [2]. The soil is characterized as a light clay with an
acid reaction. Steel slag was taken from the steel factory different deposition sites and
characterized to have very alkaline reaction, Ca and Mg contents mainly in their oxide forms, and
high total Fe and Mn content (but with lower amounts in their soluble forms) [3]. NBI and the
contents of Chl, Flv, Ant, were measured using portable Dualex optical leafclip sensor (FORCEA, Orsay, France). The obtained results showed that the MNLP, MinLL, MaxLL, NEP, the
contents of Chl, Flv, Ant and NB index, in organic oats, significantly differed between the
treatments applied and in relation to control. The effect of treatments on obtained oat yield
insignificantly differed between the treatments, but significantly in relation to the control. The
best results were obtained with the use of OM+SS, whereby good results were obtained with the
NPK+SS use. Concluding, applied steel slag, in combination with mineral and organo-mineral
fertilizer, respectively, showed the positive effects on the morphological and physiological
parameters in organic oat and its yield, grown on acid type of soil. Regarding this research, in
such combinations steel slag showed high potential in usage toward improvement of tested soil
fertility without adverse effects
