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Trash intelligence kao metod obaveštajno-bezbednosnog rada
Get PDFThe choice of methods for gathering the necessary intelligence findings (indications, data, information, investigation evidence) depends on their degree of importance, their quantity and quality, as well as on the opportunities and complexity of their acquisition, but also on the national legal standards in the field of intelligence and security work. It is believed that the intelligence findings have a greater value if they are gathered from multiple intelligence sources. Also, they are considered to have greater significance if they were obtained using traditional and sophisticated intelligence methods. However, sometimes a significant intelligence findings can be obtained in a seemingly easy manner that does not require the use of particularly complex intelligence methods, special knowledge in the field of methodology of intelligence and the use of technical means. It is a method of gathering intelligence findings by analysing the contents of garbage and waste that remains after persons who have certain intelligence information, i.e. who are the subject of certain security processing - the so-called 'Trash intelligence'. This method can be used by both state security agencies, and non-state actors of the security sector to gather political, military, economic, technological, personal and other data.Od stepena značaja, kvantiteta i kvaliteta neophodnih obaveštajnih saznanja (indicije, podaci, informacije, istražni dokazi), kao i od mogućnosti i složenosti njihovog sticanja, ali i od nacionalnih pravnih standarda u oblasti obaveštajnog i bezbednosnog rada, zavisi i izbor metoda za njihovo prikupljanje. Smatra se da obaveštajna saznanja imaju veću vrednost ukoliko su prikupljena iz više različitih obaveštajnih izvora. Takođe, smatra se i da imaju veći značaj ukoliko se do njih došlo tradicionalnim i sofisticiranim obaveštajnim metodama. Međutim, nekada se do značajnih obaveštajnih saznanja može doći na naizgled jednostavan način koji ne zahteva primenu naročito složenih obaveštajnih metoda, ni posebnih znanja iz oblasti metodike obaveštajnog rada i upotrebe tehničkih sredstava. Reč je o metodu prikupljanja obaveštajnih saznanja analizom sadržaja smeća i otpada koji ostaje za licima koja poseduju izvesna obaveštajna saznanja, odnosno koja su predmet izvesne bezbednosne obrade - tzv. trash intelligence. Ovaj metod mogu da koriste kako državne bezbednosne agencije, tako i subjekti nedržavnog sektora bezbednosti za prikupljanje političkih, vojnih, ekonomskih, tehnoloških, ličnih i drugih podataka
Survival in an "all boys club" : Policewomen in Serbia
No full textThe paper is based on the results of the first qualitative research focusing on the position of policewomen in Serbia. The research was conducted from June to August 2011 on a sample of 30 policewomen of various standings as working police officers; it took into account the types of roles held, the police schools they finished, their professional experience and the size of the police organizations with which they were employed. The core questions in the analysis related to policewomen's experiences while completing their education, during the hiring process and while carrying out their police duties, as well as regarding possibilities for promotion. Although considerable improvement was noted regarding the status of women in the process of police education, most participants in the research had negative experience in the course of finding a job; they also experienced limitations with regard to their promotion as well as various sorts of harassment at work
Problemska pitanja definisanja terorizma
Get PDFTerrorism, as a socio-pathological notion in society, generates a high degree of social danger, which makes the material legitimacy of predictions the same notion as a category of criminal law. The process of criminalization of terrorist activity depends directly on the degree of development of solutions in the definition of this phenomenon in the field of political science, since in addition to the objective character of this phenomenon, embodied in the destruction of and damage to life, body and the destruction of property of high value, it is also characterized by a subjective element, which implies political orientation of the listed behaviors. The political goal, which it in itself possesses, makes the differentia specifica of such conduct, establishes a relationship of dependency between politicology definitions of terrorism, which determine what and in what circumstances is considered a political purpose, and criminal definitions that define the elements of the offense in the national legal systems. This paper provides an overview and analysis of some political and criminal definitions, focusing on the type and character of their relationship, which is embodied in the accessoriness of criminal law definitions of terrorism in relation to the ones offered by political science. The paper also analyzes the reasons that underlie this relationship and the implementation of some issues related to the definition of terrorism as a category of criminal law.Terorizam, kao sociopatološki pojam u društvu, proizvodi visok stepen društvene opasnosti koja čini materijalnu legitimaciju zakonodavčevog predviđanja istog kao kategorije krivičnog prava. Proces inkriminisanja terorističkih aktivnosti u direktnoj je zavisnosti od stepena razvoja rešenja na planu definisanja ove pojave u oblasti političkih nauka, jer se osim objektivnog karaktera ove pojave, oličene u uništenju i oštećenju života, tela, razaranju imovine velike vrednosti, ona karakteriše i subjektivnim elementom, koji podrazumeva političku usmerenost nabrojanih ponašanja. Politički cilj koji poseduje i koji čini differentia specifica ovog ponašanja uspostavlja odnos zavisnosti između politikoloških definicija terorizma, koje će odrediti šta se i u kojim uslovima smatra političkim ciljem, i krivičnopravnih definicija, koje određuju elemente bića krivičnog dela u nacionalnim pravnim sistemima. U radu se daje prikaz i analiza politikoloških i krivičnopravnih definicija, uz apostrofiranje vrste i karaktera njihovog odnosa, koji je oličen u akcesornosti krivičnopravnih u odnosu na politikološka određenja terorizma, uz istovremeno iznošenje razloga koji stoje u osnovi ovakvog odnosa i izdvajanje nekih problemskih pitanja u vezi sa definisanjem terorizma kao kategorije krivičnog prava
Korelacija upotrebljene municije sa osiromašenim uranijumom i etničke strukture stanovništva Savezne Republike Jugoslavije tokom agresije NATO 1999. godine
Get PDFThis paper explores the correlation of the number of used depleted uranium (DU) projectiles with the ethnic composition of the population in the municipalities (N=208) of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), specifically the type, intensity, and reliability of the correlation and the time dynamics of the use of DU projectiles during the NATO aggression on FRY in 1999. Since the number of citizens and the share of Albanian and non-Albanian populations in the total population of the former FRY do not represent the homogenous characteristics of the observed area, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the level of correlation between the number of DU missiles and the population of Albanian and non-Albanian ethnic origin in the observed municipalities. The research yielded the results that indicate direct proportionality between the number of DU missiles and the number of Albanians (r = 0.514, p = 0.000000) and inverse proportionality between the number of specified missiles and the number of non-Albanians (r = -0.320, p = 0.000003. The determined spatial distribution of DU projectile seriously and lastingly contaminated the living space of Albanians in Kosovo and Metohija, and thus the area of temporary residence of NATO, UNMIK, and EULEX forces in this part of the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The results also revealed that, in the last eleven days of the aggression, NATO forces fired more than a half (54%) of all DU projectiles fired within FRY.Radom se istražuje korelacija upotrebljenih projektila sa osiromašenim uranijumom i etničke strukture stanovništva po opštinama (N=208) bivše Savezne Republike Jugoslavije (SRJ), odnosno vrsta, intenzitet i pouzdanost te korelacije i vremenska dinamika upotrebe navedenih projektila tokom agresije NATO na SRJ, 1999. godine. S obzirom na to da zastupljenost stanovništva albanske i nealbanske etničke pripadnosti u ukupnom broju stanovnika bivše SRJ, ne predstavljaju homogena obeležja posmatranog prostora, za utvrđivanje stepena povezanosti broja projektila sa osiromašenim uranijumom i broja stanovnika albanske i nealbanske etničke pripadnosti po opštinama, korišćen je Spirmanov (Spearman) koeficijent korelacije. Rezultati sprovedenog istraživanja ukazuju na to da postoji direktna proporcionalnost između broja upotrebljenih projektila sa osiromašenim uranijumom i broja Albanaca (r = 0.514, p = 0.000000) i inverzna proporcionalnost između broja upotrebljenih projektila sa osiromašenim uranijumom i broja nealbanaca (r = - 0.320, r = 0.000003). Tako utvrđenom prostornom distribucijom projektila sa osiromašenim uranijumom, pre svega je, ozbiljno i dugoročno, kontaminiran životni prostor Albanaca na Kosovu i Metohiji, a time i prostor privremenog boravka snaga NATO, UNMIK i EULEX, na tom delu teritorije Republike Srbije. Takođe, rezultatima sprovedenog istraživanja, utvrđeno je da su NATO snage, u poslednjih 11 dana agresije, upotrebile više od polovine (54%) od ukupnog broja projektila sa osiromašenim uranijumom upotrebljenih tokom agresije na SRJ
Predikcija rezultata na poligonu za procenu specifične spretnosti policajaca na osnovu morfoloških karakteristika i bazičnih motoričkih sposobnosti
Get PDFThe goal of the research was to determine whether it is possible to make a prediction of the level of efficiency of realization of the obstacle course for assessment of specific abilities of police officers (OC_SAPO1) based on their morphological characteristics and basic motoric abilities (BMA). A total of 145 subjects took part in the research, divided into sub-specimen on the account of their gender (99 men of an average age of 28.1±6.1 and 46 women of an average age of 25.5±3.8). The specific motoric ability of the police officers was defined by the level of the OC_SAPO1 realization efficiency. Morphological characteristics (body height, body mass, BMI, body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass as well as their relative values) were determined by multichannel bioelectrical impedance (InBody 720). BMA were assessed by a battery of tests which comprised of: maximal isometric force of the left and right hand finger flexors, maximal isometric force of back and legs extensors and their rate of force development, standing long jump, Abalac jump test, time for 15 push-ups, maximal number of pull-ups, number of sit-ups with trunk rotation in 30 seconds, sprint over 30 meters, shuttle run 300 yards test, Cooper running test and Illinois agility test. The correlation between the dependent and independent variables was calculated by using the method of linear regression (backward method). All statistical analysis was realized with the help of statistic software program: SPSS for windows, R. 22.0. The research demonstrated that the result defining specific abilities in police officers can be predicted on the basis of their morphological characteristics and BMA. The obtained results indicate that the OC_SAPO1 realization efficiency, beside the level of development of specific motoric skills, depends on morphological characteristics and BMA development level as well.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da utvrdi da li je moguće izvršiti predikciju efikasnosti realizacije testa za procenu specifične spretnosti policajca (Pol_SSP1) na osnovu rezultata njihovih morfoloških karakteristika i bazično-motoričkih sposobnosti (BMS). U istraživanju je učestvovalo ukupno 145 ispitanika, koji su podeljeni na subuzorke u odnosu na pol (99 muškaraca prosečne starosti od 28.1±6.1 godina i 46 žena prosečne starosti od 25.5±3.8). Specifična motorička sposobnost policajaca definisana je efikasnošću realizacije Pol_SSP1. Morfološke karakteristike (visina tela, masa tela, BMI, masa masnog tkiva i skeletnih mišića, kao i njihove relativne vrednosti) utvrđene su pomoću multikanalne bioelektrične impedance (InBody 720). BMS su procenjene baterijom testova koja je obuhvatila: maksimalne sile mišića pregibača leve i desne šake, opružača nogu i leđa i brzinu prirasta merenih sila, skok udalj iz mesta, Abalak, vreme potrebno za 15 sklekova (muškarci) ili broj sklekova izvedenih za 10 sekundi (žene), maksimalan broj zgibova, broj pretklona za 30 sekundi, brzinu trčanja na 30 metara, šatl ran 300 jardi, Kuperov test i Ilinojis test agilnosti. Povezanost između zavisne i nezavisnih varijabli izračunata je primenom metode linearne regresije (backward method). Sve statističke analize realizovane su pomoću statističkog softverskog programa: SPSS for windows, R. 22.0. Istraživanje je pokazalo da se na osnovu morfoloških karakteristika i BMS može prognozirati rezultat koji definiše specifičnu spretnost policajaca. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da efikasnost realizacije Pol_SSŠ, osim od nivoa razvijenosti specifičnih motoričkih sposobnosti, zavisi i od morfoloških karakteristika i od nivoa razvijenosti BMS
Information Retrieval for Unstructured Text Documents in Serbian into the Crime Domain
No full textThe reform and modernisation of public sector based on wide application of information-communication technologies (ICT) is considered as one the key elements of futher development of information society in the Republic of Serbia. The trends of development of many e-Government services for many countries in the world, indicate the necessity of application natural language processing - NLP and in e-Government services Republic of Serbia. When performing many of the natural language processing tasks it is needed that all forms of a word with the same meaning has the same form. In general, many documents that are available e-Government services are not structured, so from them is very difficult to isolate some forms (knowledge) that exist in them. The process of finding useful information from such documents in Serbian language, which normally represents highly inflectional language, is one of the key elements of the modern information society in the Republic of Serbia
Criminal analysis of electricity theft and its social consequences
Get PDFElectricity theft by individuals and legal entities (corporations) is becoming more frequent
phenomenon, because of inefficient public system and unclearly defined legal system, in which electricity
is protected object. Electricity in our country is produced and transmitted to the end users by public stateowned
corporations.
The system
for
controlling
electricity
sale
and
delivery
is extremely
inefficient.
Laws
and
bylaws
which
regulate
this
area
are
outdated
and,
as such,
give
plenty
of
opportunity
to
the
end users
and
to
employees
in the
public
corporations,
involved
in this
process,
to
make
different
kinds of
abuse
and
criminal
acts.
These
criminal
activities
are
difficult
to
prove
in court
proceedings,
and
the
financial
damage
for
the
state
is substantial.
In
the
last few
years,
Electricity
Distribution
Company
of
Serbia
has started
installing,
the
so-called,
‘smart’
electricity
meter,
and
particularly
on
large,
typically
commercial,
consumers.
The
meters
are
protected
with
verification
mark,
performed
by
authorized
control
bodies,
and
the
electricity
distribution
company
mark.
Consumption
of
electricity
and
registered
events,
such
as opening
the
cover
of
the
meter
which
is sealed
with
an
appropriate
mark,
are
read
by
computers.
Although
electricity
theft
is
estimated
in millions
of
RSD
each
year,
for
every
commercial
user
in particular,
proving
this
criminal
act,
in
a legal court
process,
is very
difficult,
practically
impossible.
The paper presents the ways this criminal act of electricity theft is performed, by the commercial users
- large consumers, on the territory of the police department of Valjevo. Additionally, the paper also deals
with the treatment of public prosecutors and police during the clarification of criminal acts and success in
proving them in the juridical processes. The author especially puts en emphasis on a legal and sublegal act,
which regulate this area in the criminal justice matter
Determination of microstructural changes by severely plastically deformed copper-aluminum alloy: optical study
No full textOur work deals with the problem of producing a complex metal-ceramic composite using the processes of internal oxidation
(IO) and severe plastic deformation. For this purpose, Cu-Al alloy with 0.4wt.% of Al was used. IO of sample serves in the
first step of the processing as a means for attaining a fine dispersion of nanosized oxide particles in the metal matrix.
Production technology continues with repeated application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) of the resulting metal-
matrix composite to produce the bulk nanoscaled structural material. SPD was carried out with equal channel angular
pressing (ECAP), which allowed that the material could be subjected to an intense plastic strain through simple shear.
Microstructural characteristics of one phase and multiphase material was studied on internally oxidized Cu with 0.4wt.%
of Al sample composed of one phase copper-aluminum solid solution in the core and fine dispersed oxide particles in the
same matrix in the mantle region. In this manner AFM, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used. Local
structures in plastically deformed samples reflect presence of Cu, CuO, Cu 2
O, Cu 4 O 3 or Al2O 3 structural characteristics,
depending on type of sample
Analiza geoprostorne i vremenske distribucije suša kao prirodnih katastrofa
Get PDFAs climatological disasters, droughts increasingly jeopardize the safety of people and their property, creating serious environmental problems including the negative impact on the environment. For these and other reasons, the droughts as a natural disaster are beginning to attract more attention of researchers all over the world who want to better comprehend them in the phenomenological and quantitative terms. Bearing in mind that this is a mass phenomenon, which consists of multiple units, the most preferred scientific method for drawing conclusions about the drought is the statistical method. Guided by this fact, the subject of research is a descriptive statistical analysis of geospatial and temporal distribution of drought in the world during the period 1900-2013. In addition, a statistical study was conducted in such a way that the first step taken in the form of raw data Excel file from the international database on disasters (CRED) in Brussels and then analyzed in the SPSS statistical analysis of data. Within geospatial analysis, the distribution of the total number and consequences of drought across continents and countries was considered, with special emphasis on the five most vulnerable countries to the total number and variety of consequences. On the same principle, within the temporal analysis, the distribution of the total number and consequences of drought on annual, monthly and daily basis was examined, with special reference to the five most important in the number of different effects (killed, injured, affected, homeless). In this sense, for effective and efficient protection and emergency response due to the deleterious effect of drought, it is inter alia stated comprehensively investigate natural phenomena using statistical method and the method of thematic mapping with the objective descriptions consequence, geospatial and timing of the manifestation of drought.Suše kao klimatske katastrofe svakim danom sve više ugrožavaju bezbednost ljudi i njihovu imovinu, stvarajući ozbiljne ekološke probleme među kojima je i negativan uticaj na životnu sredinu. Predmet rada je deskriptivna statistička analiza geoprostorne i vremenske distribucije suša u svetu tokom perioda 1900-2013. godina. Pri tome, samo statističko istraživanje je sprovedeno na taj način što su u prvom koraku preuzeti neobrađeni podaci u vidu Excel fajla iz međunarodne baze podataka o katastrofama (CRED) u Briselu, a zatim su analizirani u programu za statističku obradu podataka SPSS. U okviru geoprostorne analize razmatrana je distribucija ukupnog broja i posledica suša po kontinentima i državama, sa posebnim osvrtom na pet najugroženijih država prema ukupnom broju i različitim posledicama. Po istom principu, u okviru vremenske analize razmatrana je distribucija ukupnog broja i posledica suša na godišnjem, mesečnom i dnevnom nivou, sa posebnim osvrtom na pet najznačajnijih godina prema broju različitih posledica (poginuli, povređeni, pogođeni, bez doma). U tom smislu, radi efektivnije i efikasnije zaštite i reagovanja u vanrednim situacijama izazvanim štetnim dejstvom suša, potrebno je, između ostalog, sveobuhvatno istražiti navedeni prirodni fenomen, koristeći statistički metod i metod tematske kartografije sa ciljem deskripcije posledica, geoprostornog i vremenskog rasporeda ispoljavanja suša