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Anthropogenic influence on erosion intensity changes in the Rasina river watershed - Central Serbia
No full textThe amount of eroded material in the Republic of Serbia has decreased in the last few decades. The aim of this research is to analyse changes in soil erosion intensity in the Rasina watershed from 1971-2011, caused by factors including changes in land-use, the population and number of households, migrations, and erosion control works. Due to changes in the intensity of erosion processes, the annual gross erosion rate in the study area decreased by 116,140.2 m(3) year(-1), while the sediment yield decreased by 52,727.2 m(3) year(-1). The value of the erosion coefficient was reduced from Z = 0.39 in 1971 to Z = 0.30 in 2011. In this 40-year period, there were no significant changes in natural conditions, and the anthropogenic influences were responsible for the reduced erosion intensity. In the Rasina watershed, almost 8,500 ha upstream from "Celije" dam were treated by bioengineering works. Since 1961, a decrease in the population was typical for all of the valley and mountain settlements in the Rasina watershed. The percentage of the population engaged in agriculture also decreased during this period, as did the general activity of the population. The analysis shows that the most significant reduction in livestock occurred in the mountain region, which has the best conditions for animal husbandry, followed by the hill region, and finally, the valley region. These results are the basis for water management projects, soil and environmental protection, spatial planning, agriculture, and other human activities
Criminal Careers of Football Club Fan Leaders in Serbia
No full textThe subject of this paper is the criminal activities of fan group leaders in Serbia. The data used for the research are contained in the police data base Records of extreme fans, which is kept by the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia. The research sample included 30 leaders of fan groups from six football clubs of the first national football league, and focused on their criminal records, whereas all crimes for which criminal charges were brought were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The goal of the research was to study the criminal activities of fan group leaders and highlight the possible influence on fan group members. The results have shown that fan group leaders are inclined to commit crimes, with more than one third having drug-related criminal charges filed against them. Criminal charges for property crimes have been brought against 22 of the 30 leaders included in the sample, and three leaders committed homicide. One fan group leader was murdered. The results show significantly that future research should pay more attention to criminal activities of fan group leaders. The inclination to commit crime is an important fact which should be taken into account when planning control and drawing programs aimed at preventing football-related violence
Countercyclical economic policy in overcoming economic fluctuations
Get PDFPredmet doktorske disertacije pod nazivom „Kontraciklična ekonomska politika uprevazilaženju privrednih fluktuacija“ je teorijska i empirijska analiza kontracikličnemakroekonomske politike i njene primene u prevazilaženju cikličnih fluktuacijaekonomske aktivnosti u razvijenim tržišnim ekonomijama s jedne, i u ekonomijama urazvoju i ekonomijama sa nastajućim tržištima, sa druge strane. Tema disertacije jeobrađena na celovit način koji je istovremeno uključio i predstavljanje teorijsko –metodološke osnove kontraciklične makroekonomske politike i rezultate empirijskihistraživanja koji ilustruju njenu primenu u razvijenim tržišnim ekonomijama,ekonomijama u razvoju te ekonomijama sa nastajućim tržištima, kao i empirijskoistraživanje o cikličnom karakteru ekonomske politike u Srbiji. Teorijske osnovekontraciklične ekonomske politike obuhvatile su instrumente i mere kontracikličneekonomske politike i načine i mehanizme njihovog delovanja u prevazilaženju cikličnihprivrednih fluktuacija koji su definisani u okviru teorije ekonomske politike. Pored toga,teorijske osnove su obuhvatile i stavove o uzrocima, transmisionim mehanizmima,načinima manifestacije i posledicama ciklične makroekonomske nestabilnosti koji suformulisani u savremenim makroekonomskim teorijama i njihove preporuke za vođenjekontraciklične ekonomske politike. Metodološke osnove kontraciklične politikeobuhvatile su predstavljanje metoda statistike i ekonometrije koje se koriste usavremenim istraživanjima poslovnih ciklusa i cikličnoj analizi ekonomske aktivnosti.Nakon predstavljanja teorijsko – metodološke osnove kontraciklične ekonomskepolitike, disertacija se fokusirala na primenu kontraciklične ekonomske politike usavremenim tržišnim ekonomijama i ekonomijama u razvoju te ekonomijama sanastajućim tržištima i na rezultate empirijskih istraživanja o karakteristikama poslovnihciklusa i ekonomske politike u ovim ekonomijama. Rezultati ovih istraživanja prikazanisu u disertaciji, pri čemu je izvršena njihova komparativna analiza sa posebnimnaglaskom na uspešnost primene i efekte pojedinih mera kontraciklične ekonomskepolitike u različitim ekonomijama, uz zaključak da se iskustva ekonomija sa nastajućimtržištima u pogledu primene mera kontraciklične ekonomske politike mogu koristiti uprocesima formulisanja i implementacije kontraciklične ekonomske politike u Srbiji. Unastavku disertacije predstavljeno je empirijsko istraživanje čiji je cilj bio da se ispitaciklični karakter ekonomske politike u Srbiji u periodu 2001-2011. godine. Istraživanjese sastojalo iz dva dela. U prvom delu istraživanja identifikovane su tačke prekretnice iciklusi rasta u ekonomskoj aktivnosti Srbije u periodu 2001-2011. i izvršena je cikličnaanaliza ekonomske aktivnosti. Zatim je izvršeno poređenje sa cikličnim kretanjemekonomske aktivnosti zemalja Evropske unije (Zone evra) kako bi se ispitalo odaklepotiču ekonomske fluktuacije i da li su ciklusi u Srbiji posledica specifičnih okolnosti idogađaja u ekonomskom, društvenom i političkom životu Srbije ili su posledicatransmisije ciklusa iz inostranstva. Rezultati su pokazali da tačke prekretnice ciklusaZone evra prethode tačkama prekretnicama srpske privrede i da je ovo prethođenje vrlokratko, tako da se ekonomske fluktuacije iz zemalja Zone evra prenose na Srbiju vrlobrzo, praktično u okviru istog kvartala.The subject of a doctoral dissertation entitled “Countercyclical economic policy inovercoming economic fluctuations” is a theoretical and empirical analysis ofcountercyclical macroeconomic policy and its use in overcoming cyclical fluctuations ineconomic activity in developed economies on the one hand, and developing economiesand economies in emerging markets, on the other hand. The dissertation is addressed ina comprehensive manner that involves both the presentation of the theoretical andmethodological foundations of countercyclical macroeconomic policies, and thepresentation of the results of empirical studies that illustrate the use of thecountercyclical economic policy in developed market economies, developing economiesand economies in emerging markets, together with the empirical study on cyclicalproperties of economic policy in Serbia. Theoretical foundations of countercyclicaleconomic policy have encompassed an overview of counter-cyclical economic policyinstruments and measures as they are defined in the theory of economic policy and howthey affect the economy in overcoming cyclical economic fluctuations. In addition,theoretical foundations have included different opinions of modern macroeconomictheories concerning what causes cyclical fluctuations, how they manifest, what themechanisms of their propagations are, as well as economic policy suggestions.Methodological foundations have included the presentation of statistical andeconometric methods used in contemporary studies of business cycles and in thecyclical analysis. After presenting the theoretical and methodological foundations ofcountercyclical economic policies, dissertation focuses on the use of counter-cyclicaleconomic policy in developed economies, developing economies and economies inemerging markets and on the results of empirical researches on cyclical features ofbusiness cycles and economic policy in these economies. The results of these researchesare presented and have been analyzed with special emphasis on the efficiency ofmeasures of counter-cyclical economic policy and their effects on different types ofeconomies. The conclusion is that the experience of emerging market economies withrespect to the implementation of countercyclical economic policy can be used in theprocess of formulation and implementation of counter-cyclical economic policy inSerbia. Furthermore, the results of an empirical study whose aim was to examine thecyclical properties of economic policy in Serbia in the period 2001-2011 are alsopresented. Research consists of two parts. In the first part of the study the turning pointsand growth cycles in economic activity in Serbia in the period 2001-2011 wereidentified and the cyclic analysis of economic activity was performed. Then, the cyclicalfluctuations in economic activity of the European Union (euro zone) were comparedwith those in Serbia in order to examine whether the cycles in Serbia are the result ofspecific circumstances and developments in the economic, social and politicalenvironment or the consequence of the transmission cycle from abroad. The empiricalstudy has shown that the turning points in cycles of euro area precede the turning pointsof the Serbian economy and that this precedence is very short, so that economicfluctuations of the euro zone are transmitted on Serbia very fast, that is, within the samequarter
Супротстављање савременом организованом криминалу и тероризму. 5
Get PDFОвај зборник радова је симболични део резултата истраживања које
су истраживачи током 2014. саопштавали на бројним научним конференција-
ма и објављивали у научним, па и у најпрестижнијим часописима у земљи и
у иностранству. Научна знања која су у њима саопштена била су инспирација
бројним истраживачима, али и смернице припадницима националног система
безбедности у решавању савремених безбедносних проблема.This collection of papers is only a symbolic section of the Researchers are presented at conferences in 2014, communicated to numerous scientific and published in scientific, even in the most prestigious journals in the country and abroad. Scientific knowledge that is communicated to them was an inspiration to many researchers, but also guidance to members of the national security system in addressing contemporary security problems.EDICIJA ΑΣΦΑΛΕΙΑ, Knjiga
Punishment as instrument of state response to crime and upcoming changes in the Criminal Code of Serbia
Get PDFAfter the adoption of the Criminal Code, the system of punishment in the criminal legislation
of
Serbia
has
met
the
standards
that
exist
in other
European
countries.
Despite
certain
changes
and
amendments
in recent
years,
which
are
in line
with
the
strengthening
of
retributivism,
we
point
out
that
their
main
focus
is
still
utilitarian,
i.e.
justification
for
the
reform
is
in social
utility.
Punishment
is
necessary
in combating
crime
and
without
it
criminal
law
is
inconceivable.
The
analysis
in
the
paper
includes
the
changes
and
amendments
to
the
Criminal
Code
that
dealt
with
the
system
of
punishment,
as
well
as
certain
provisions
relating
to
sentencing,
which
have
also
been
affected
by
the
reform
of
the
criminal
legislation,
namely:
the
prohibition
of
reducing
the
punishment
for
certain
crimes,
hate
as
required
aggravating
circumstance,
the
issue
of
more
strict
punishments
as
exceptional
way
of
sentencing.
Taking
stand
in relation
to
the
new
provisions
also
required
a
criminal-political
assessment
of
the
usefulness
of
the
new
provisions
in combating
crime,
as
well
as
consideration
of
certain
legal
matters
based
on
which
the
author
gave
suggestions
de
lege
ferenda
for
their
improvement
and
development.
The
author
first
analyzes
the
basic
postulates
of
the
Criminal
Code
of
2005 relating
to
the
system
of
punishment,
and
then
the
provisions
that
were
the
subject
of
changes
and
amendments
in 2009 and
2012 (changes
and
amendments
to
the
Criminal
Code
of
2013 were
not
related
to
criminal
sanctions).
Given
that
the
part
concerning
criminal
sanctions
in
criminal
legislation
represents
a broad
field,
especially
the
part
that
refers
to
the
concept
and
types
of
punishments
and
sentencing,
and
that
it
is
more
often
studied
as
an
independent
field,
it
is
clear
that
it
is
a very
significant
part
of
the
Criminal
Code.
Research
of
this
field
can
be
approached
from
different
aspects:
legal
and
philosophical,
social,
etc.,
however,
this
time,
the
legal-dogmatic
approach prevails with the addition of other methods, especially when it comes to certain debates
for and against certain types of penalties
Criminal offence of jeopardiying tax collection and tax control
Get PDFДржава је, у намери да заштити свој фискални интерес, у
складу с позитивним законским прописима, утврдила одговарајуће
санкције према лицима која своју активност обављају у супротности с
пореским нормама. Обвезници, ипак, својим незаконитим активностима
свесно крше пореске прописе, угрожавајући тиме фискални суверенитет
државе. У циљу заштите наплате пореза и пореске контроле утврђено је и кривично дело угрожавање наплате пореза и пореске контроле,
усмерено према свим субјектима који својим радњама угрожавају ове
активности државе.In an attempt to protect its fiscal interests, the state determined appropriate
sanctions against the persons who carry out their activity contraty to tax
norms, in accordance with applicable legislation. However, taxpayers, by performing illegal activities knowingly violate the tax laws, thereby jeopardizing
the fiscal sovereignty of the state In order to protect the tax collection and tax
control, criminal offence of jeopardizing the tax collection and tax control
was established, directed towards all stakeholders whose actions threaten
these activities of the state
Информациона безбедност као кључни проблем савремене организације
No full textИнформациона безбедност је у претходној деценији једна од
најважнијих активности и најчешће спомињаних појмова у рачунарској
индустрији. Значај и потреба ове теме се огледа у томе што се готово свакодневно откривају пропусти и методе напада на информационе системе.
Услед убрзаног развоја технологије, често се на тржиште пласирају некомплетна и недовољно тестирана решења која на крају резултирају великим
бројем безбедносних пропуста. Информације о новим пропустима се
тривијално и врло брзо шире путем интернета и стижу до великог броја
људи, а прибављање алата за нападе своди се на једноставно уписивање
кључних речи у неком од претраживача, те преузимање готових алата.
Сходно томе, актуелност ове теме је ауторе рада навела да кроз анализу
информационе безбедности организација у Србији предложе практичне
мере, како би се створио систем који је фокусиран на проактивно, а не
реактивно деловање
Sport bez igre - pranje novca
Get PDFSport is firmly connected to politics in the whole world, the Republic of Serbia being no exception. Pronounced motives of profit in sport led to the appearance of new problems, like money laundering and business and moral unreliability of the participants. Some of anomalies are connected with politically exposed persons (PEP). Offering services within the banking industry, especially considering the private banking, entails a higher degree of discretion and confidentiality in comparison with the ordinary clients. Misuse of these business relationships by PEP has been identified. This paper surveys the statistically significant differences between domestic banks and the domestic banks with the foreign capital in relation to the groups of procedures concerning PEP based on the Recommendation 6 of the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering - FATF. Although the domestic banks with the foreign capital were obliged to apply the procedures related to the FATF's Recommendations to the same extent as the Main Office, significant differences between domestic and foreign banks were not found, in terms of Recommendation 6. Inadequacy of regulations and lack of enforcement procedures jeopardize the program of reforms, threatening, the privatisation in sports.Sport je često povezan sa politikom. Izraženi profitni motivi u sportu doveli su do pojave novih problema, kao što su pranje novca i poslovna i moralna nepouzdanost učesnika. Neke od anomalija povezane su sa politički eksponiranim licima (Politically exposed persons, PEP). Pružanje usluga u okviru bankarskog poslovanja, posebno kada je privatno bankarstvo u pitanju, podrazumeva veći stepen diskrecije i poverljivosti kod poslovanja sa politički eksponiranim licima u odnosu na obične klijente. Identifikovano je da politički eksponirana lica zloupotrebljavaju ovakve poslovne odnose. U radu je sprovedeno ispitivanje statistički značajnih razlika između domaćih banaka i domaćih banaka sa stranim kapitalom u odnosu na grupe procedura definisane prema PEP na osnovu Preporuke 6 Finansijske akcione radne grupe (The Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering, FATF). Iako su domaće banke sa stranim kapitalom bile dužne da sprovode procedure koje se odnose na preporuke FATF-a u istom obimu kao i matično društvo, nisu konstatovane značajne razlike između domaćih i stranih banaka kada je u pitanju implementacija Preporuke 6. Manjkavost propisa i nesprovođenje procedura ugrožava program reformi i predstavlja pretnju privatizaciji
Otklonjivost pravne zablude u nemačkom pravu
Get PDFThe subject of this paper is inevitability of mistake of law in Criminal Law. In the first part of paper the author analyzes term and the effect of mistake of law in the German criminal law. Furthermore, the theory of premeditation and theory of guilt are analyzed as a theoretical basis for distinguishing the mistake of fact and mistake of law. To the acceptance of the theory of guilt during 70's of last century in German Criminal Law there was no mistake of law as an autonomous institute. It has been pointed out the importance and advantages of the theory of guilt in relation to the theory of premeditation. The author analyzes the relationship between mistake of law and premeditation in case when mistake of law is avoidable. The view that mistake of law regardless it is avoidable or unavoidable is not significant for the existence of premeditation is substantiated. Premeditation is not excluded as the awareness of the unlawfulness is an independent element of guilt, as well as premeditation. This view can not be questioned, because it may happen that the perpetrator with premeditation performs act, but because of unavoidable or avoidable mistake of law did not know that the act is prohibited. The existence of premeditation is not in question; the existence of guilt depends on whether the mistake of law in the particular case is avoidable or unavoidable. Part of this paper refers to the evaluation of criteria by which the German theory and jurisprudence establish whether the mistake of law is avoidable or unavoidable. The prevailing concept according to which the effect of mistake of law depends on three criteria: 1. whether in particular case there was reason for perpetrator to doubt that the act is prohibited; 2. whether there was a real possibility that the perpetrator finds out whether the act is prohibited; 3. whether the perpetrator could have known that the act is prohibited.U prvom delu rada razmatramo pojam pravne zablude u nemačkom pravu. Osim toga, analiziraćemo dejstvo pravne zablude. Na kraju, najveći deo rada se odnosi na razmatranje kriterijuma koji nemačka pravna teorija i sudska praksa koriste pri oceni da li je pravna zabluda u konkretnom slučaju otklonjiva ili neotklonjiva. Ovo je veoma značajno pitanje, jer od odgovora zavisi dejstvo ovog instituta krivičnog prava. Obrazložićemo naše zalaganje za prihvatanje objektivno-subjektivnog kriterijuma otklonjivosti pravne zablude. Pokušaćemo da uočimo sličnosti i razlike između rešenja koje je u pogledu otklonjivosti pravne zablude prihvaćeno u našem KZ i zakonodavstvu Nemačke. Pri izradi rada je korišćen dogmatski i logički metod
Beogradska varoška policija u doba uspostavljanja vlasti ustavobranitelja
Get PDFPrince Mihailo Obrenovic took over the administration of the country in the significantly altered the constitutional situation, created by the adoption of the Constitution of 1838 and the departure of Serbian Prince Milos 1839. Constitution ensured the supremacy of the State Council as an oligarchic body of the prince in the adoption of new legislation expanded and contrary to the constitution. Gradual narrowing and even abolishing competences of prince in the legislative and executive branches Constitutionalists are aimed to ensure the constitutionally established order. One of the measures taken to this aim was the adoption of regulations by which the Belgrade police under the control of Constitutionalist Party. The Belgrade police which in the time of Miloš rule was subordinated directly to the prince, by the Decree of 1840 came under the jurisdiction of the competent ministry. The contents of the this Decree that remained in Serbia in force throughout the nineteenth century shows how wide was the scope of its work. Specifically, the Board took care of law and order, personal safety or property of citizens, conducted surveillance of suspicious persons, travelers, foreigners and idles, worried about traffic safety and the safety of roads, alleys, and cobblestone bridge, followed the proper operation of the innkeepers, butchers and traders worried about neatness squares and product prices, participated in the settlement of disputes between creditors and debtors, secured and numbered the property of deceased persons and fallen into bankruptcy, suppress immorality, watch the correctness water supply, public fountains and street lighting, directing the development of settlements, undertook measures to protect against fire, suppressing the fights, riots and rebellions, took care of the health of citizens and public hygiene, issued an order on line and order in the town, enforce court decisions, took care of the prisoners, carried a list of public and private property at the request of his superiors authorities , state revenues collected from the population, participated in the division of the borough plots for raising houses in the area of Batal mosque, in Sava-waving, Palilula, Terazije, past ponds Venice, and finally led to a variety of correspondence - submitted reports to the competent organs of the state administration and consisted of a number of proposals from the circle of their activity. On the other hand, the Decree on the duties of the administration of the City of Belgrade in 1840 must be seen as part of a comprehensive legislative activities Constitutionalist aimed at establishing a highly branched and durable state organization. As part of the whole legal regulations governing the then ruling political elites govern executive, Regulation confirms the conclusion that the Constitutionalist have achieved a lot in terms of formal legislate lofty police power over the people, but failed to sufficiently develop the system control apparatus of executive power. In addition to subjective, there are objective factors that limited Constitutionalist efforts in this direction. Ideas of modern civil state objectively could not be quickly accepted in the still traditional-patriarchal Serbian society.U radu se analizira sadržina propisa o radu beogradske policije iz 1840. godine u okviru društvenih i političkih prilika u Kneževini Srbiji na početku ustavobraniteljske vladavine. Knez Mihailo Obrenović preuzeo je upravu zemljom u bitno izmenjenoj ustavnoj situaciji, stvorenoj donošenjem Ustava 1838. i odlaskom iz Srbije kneza Miloša 1839. godine. Ustavom obezbeđena prevlast Državnog saveta kao oligarhijskog tela nad knezom u praksi je određenim uredbama proširena i protivno ustavu. Pokušaj kneza u takvoj situaciji da odbrani svoja ustavna ovlašćenja u zakonodavnoj i izvršnoj vlasti i uspostavi ravnotežu u odnosima sa Savetom nije uspeo. O tome svedoči i donošenje propisa kojim beogradska policija, u Miloševo vreme podređena neposredno knezu, dolazi pod nadležnost resornog ministarstva. S druge strane, Uredba o dužnostima uprave varoši Beograda iz 1840. deo je široke zakonodavne aktivnosti ustavobranitelja usmerene na uspostavljanje razgranatije i trajnije državne organizacije. Primenom istorijskog i sociološkog metoda, kao i metoda analize i sinteze, indukcije i dedukcije, autori objašnjavaju motivaciju za izdavanje ovog propisa čija je sadržina bila presudno determinisana interesima tadašnje političke elite u Srbiji