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Dietary total antioxidant capacity and polyphenols intake in Serbian university students
No full textTowards the Law on Changes and Amendments to the Criminal Code of Serbia
Get PDFУ раду се разматрају нова решења у Нацрту Закона о изменама и до- пунама Кривичног законика Србије. Измене и допуне у области општег дела Кривичног законика веома су ретке. Евентуалне интервенције се односе на област кривичних санкција. Веома ретко се задире у неке традиционалне, класичне институте као што су нужна одбрана, крајња нужда и сл. У том смислу, закони о изменама и допунама Кривичног законика се највише односе на област посебног дела кривичног законодавства. Такве новеле су много чешће и резултат су потребе друштва да прати економске, политичке, социјалне, идеолошке и друге промене, а посебно стање криминалитета. У последње време, кривично законодавство Србије пролази кроз динамичну фазу. Питање је само где наћи границу између претераног ширења криминалне зоне, односно повећања броја инкриминација, и потребе државе да ефикасно реагује на нове облике криминалитета. Нацрт карактерише појачана кривичноправна репресија, посебно у сфери кривичних дела против привреде. У области кривичног материјалног права у Републици Србији извршена је темељна реформа 2005. године и донет је нов Кривични законик. Исти је пет пута мењан и допуњаван. Два пута у току 2009. и по једанут у 2012, 2013. и 2014. години. Важно је истаћи да се током последњих деценија, не само у Србији него и у другим европским земљама, примећује динамика измена кривичних закона која раније није била својствена. 4 Честе измене су резултат, пре свега, прилагођавања међународним обавезама које државе преузимају ратификацијом појединих међународних уговора. Поред конвенција, регионалних и међународних, од посебног значаја за реформу су и директиве Европске уније и оквирне одлуке Савета Европе уније. Такође, не треба заборавити да постоје одређена понашања чији непосредни основ прописивања нису међународне обавезе или унутрашње законодавство, већ могу да буду везана за нашу средину и лоше искуство у Србији, што може да представља основ за инкриминисање таквог понашања у Кривичном законику. Многобројни су разлози због којих се приступило новим изменама и допунама Кривичног законика Србије. Између осталих, у питању су потреба за усклађивањем с међународним обавезама које је Србија преузела ратификацијом појединих међународних уговора, као и отклањање извесних недоследности и пропуста који су учињени ранијим изменама кривичног законодавства. Поједина решења у Нацрту ЗИД-а Кривичног законика воде слабљењу кривичноправне репресије (кућни затвор као самостална казна), док су неке измене на линији јачања репресије (доживотни затвор). Он, такође, потврђује да један од разлога за измене и допуне не морају да буду само међународне обавезе, већ и наше негативно искуство
и проблеми
који
су
антиципирани
у пракси.The paper discusses the new solutions in the Draft Law on Changes and
Amendments to the Criminal Code of Serbia. Changes and amendments in the general part of
the Criminal Code are very rare. Possible interventions refer to the area of criminal sanctions. It
is very rare to interfere with some traditional, classical institutions such as self-defense, extreme
necessity etc. In this regard, the Laws on Changes and Amendments to the Criminal Code
mostly refer to the special part of criminal legislation. Such novels are more often, and are the
result of the needs of society to monitor the economic, political, social, ideological and other
changes, in particular the state of crime. In the last period, Serbian criminal legislation has been
going through a dynamic phase. The only question is where to draw the line between excessive
widening of criminal zone and increase in the number of criminalizations and the need of the
state to effectively respond to new forms of crime. This Draft Law is characterized by enhanced
criminal repression, especially in the sphere of criminal offenses against the economy. In the
field of substantive criminal law of the Republic of Serbia, reforms were carried out in 2005 and
a new Criminal Code was adopted. The same one has been changed and amended five times.
Twice in 2009, and again in 2012, 2013 and 2014. It is important to emphasize that in recent
decades, not only in Serbia, but also in other European countries, when it comes to changes of
criminal codes, one observes the dynamics which was not characteristic previously. Frequent
changes are primarily due to adjustment to the international obligations that countries take
over by the ratification of certain international agreements. In addition to the Conventions,
regional and international, of particular importance to the reform are the EU Directives and
the Framework Decisions of the Council of the EU. Also, one should not forget that there are
certain behaviours whose direct grounds for prescribing are not international obligations or
internal legislation, but may be related to our environment, a bad experience in Serbia, which
could be the basis for the criminalization of such behaviour in the Criminal Code. There are
many reasons for new changes and amendments to the Criminal Code of Serbia. Among them
are: the need to comply with international obligations which Serbia undertook by ratification of certain international agreements, as well as the elimination of certain inconsistencies and
mistakes that have been made by earlier changes to the criminal legislation. Some solutions in
the Draft Law on Changes and Amendments to the Criminal Code lead to weakening of criminal
repression (house arrest as an independent punishment), while some changes are in line with
the strengthening of repression (life imprisonment). This Draft Law also confirmed that one of
the reasons for changes and amendments need not be only an international obligation, but our
negative experience, the problems that were anticipated in practice
Conceptual novels in the general part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia and normative aspect of the adequacy of the state’s response to crime
Get PDFАктуелност теме која се односи на измене Кривичног законика Србије, које супротно многобројним традиционалним схватањима показују да кривично законодавство данас пролази кроз веома динамичну фазу, предодредиле су тему чланка. У раду је дат осврт на актуелну верзију Нацрта Закона о изменама и допунама Кривичног законика Србије, дат је одговор на поједине примедбе које су у току јавне расправе пристигле Комисији која је радила на изменама и допунама и указано је у ком правцу треба наставити започету реформу.The current interest of the topic relating to the amendments to the Criminal Code of Serbia, which contrary to many traditional notions show that criminal legislation is going through a very dynamic phase, has defined the subject of this paper. The paper gives an overview of the current version of the Draft Law on Amendments to the Criminal Code of Serbia, and provides an answer to certain objections that the Committee working on the amendments and changes received during the public debate. The paper also points out in which direction the reform should continue.Едиција Asphaleia / Криминалистичко-полицијска академија, Београд ; књ.
Some theoretical and experimental facts concerning laser interaction with materials of biological origin
No full textThis paper deals with characterization of materials, by the use of objective descriptions of material’s optical properties.
Here the materials of biological origin were tested. Authors presented their selection of the optical constants for the
purpose of material detection and recognition. For plants of interest in medicine and pharmacy (root, fruit and leaves), in
their most commonly used state – powders, spectral coefficients of reflection in visible spectrum portion were measured.
Depending on measurements using correlation methods, chosen groups of parameters were obtained, that could help
determine presence of certain species. For characteristic spectra and plant species, certain laser wavelengths were
evaluated in the light of being most suitable for distinguishing presence of plants. As second valuable fact, reflection
coefficient in bio stimulation determines the level of power (power density, dose, etc) which laser really transfers to the
system
Concept of police performance measurement
Get PDFРадом се проблематизују продуктивност и економичност, као показатељи успешности полиције. Наиме, просечна годишња стопа продуктивности рада хипотетичке организационе јединице полиције варира у зависности од: (1) материјалне штете настале извршавањем деликата, (2) броја деликата, (3) броја пријављених лица за деликте и (4) броја запослених у организационој јединици. При томе, раст прва три елемента утиче на побољшање продуктивности и погоршање стања безбедности (и обрнуто), док раст броја запослених утиче на погоршање продуктивности и не утиче на стање безбедности (број полицајаца није битан). С друге стране, просечна годишња стопа економичности хипотетичке јединице полиције је последица варирања: (1) материјалне користи прибављене деликтима, (2) материјалне штете причињене деликтима и (3) трошкова јединице. Раст прва два елемента утиче на побољшање економичности и погоршање стања безбедности (и обрнуто), док раст
трошкова утиче на погоршање економичности. При томе, пад економичности утиче на пад ефикасности, као основног мерила оптимизације. То значи да економичност треба посматрати у контексту ефективности, како би се дошло до ефикасности (успешности). Имајући у виду да исти број полицајаца може да остварује различите резултате уз више или мање трошкове, радом се закључује да продуктивност и економичност (уз ефективност, тиме и ефикасност) полиције, треба разматрати интегрално, а не парцијално.The paper problematizes productivity and cost-effectiveness, as indicators of the police performance. The average annual growth rate of labour productivity of a hypothetical оrganizational police unit varies depending on: (1) the damage to property caused by commission of offences, (2) the number of offences, (3) the number of reported persons for offences, and (4) the number of employees in the organizational unit. At the same time, growth of the first three elements affects improvement of productivity and deterioration of the security situation (and vice versa), while growth of the number of employees affects deterioration in productivity and does not affect the security situation (the number of police officers is not essential). On the other hand, the average annual cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical police unit is the result of the following variations in: (1) material gain obtained by offences, (2) material damage caused by offences and (3) the cost of the unit. The growth of the first two elements influences the improvement of the cost-effectiveness and deterioration of security (and vice versa), while the increase in costs influence the deterioration of cost-effectiveness. At the same time, the decline in the cost-effectiveness affects the decline in efficiency, as the basic criteria of optimization. This means that the cost-effectiveness should be viewed in the context of effectiveness, in order to reach efficiency (performance). Bearing in mind that the same number of officers may achieve different results with higher or lower costs, the paper concludes that productivity and cost-effectiveness (with еffectiveness, and efficiency) of the police, should be considered integrally, not partially
Contemporary trends in science of criminal law and criminal legislation of the Republic of Serbia
Get PDFРасправа о новим тенденцијама у савременој науци кривичног права у први план ставља неколико питања. Прво је питање
глобализације која води и интернационализацији кривичног права. Друго питање, блиско повезано са првим, јесте проблем кривичноправног експанзионизма јер савремени кривични законодавац све више шири простор у коме интервенише улазећи тако и
у зону у којој нема оправдања за кривичноправну интервенцију
што ће у блиској будућности довести до кризе легитимитета кривичног законодавства. Стога се у раду у контексту могућих начина
коришћења кривичноправне репресије као средства за сузбијање
криминалитета анализира и критички преиспитује кривичноправни експанзионизам који је постао доминантна тенденција у већини
европских кривичних законодавстава. Констатује се да је он данас
дошао до изражаја и у српском кривичном законодавству. Најзад, у
овом раду се анализирају и преиспитују решења из Нацрта Закона
о изменама и допунама Кривичног законика, с обзиром на то да се
у Србији очекује његово усвајање.Discussion of the new tendencies in contemporary science of criminal law puts the spotlight on a number of issues. The first issue is
the globalization, which inevitably leads to the internationalization of
criminal law. The second issue, closely related to the first, is the criminal law expansionism, since contemporary criminal legislatormore and
more enters an illegal zone, which in the near future will lead to a crisis
of legitimacy of the criminal legislation. Consequently, the paper, in
the context of the possible ways of application of criminal repression
as means of combating crime, analyzes and critically reviews the criminal law expansionism, which became the dominant tendency in most
European criminal laws. It is noted that it became present in Serbian
criminal legislation as well. Finally, the third issue, which this paper
will mainly addresses, relates to the analysis of the solutions contained
in the Draft Law on Changes and Amendments to the Serbian Criminal
Code, considering that its adoption will follow
Волонтирање у области спорта у ЕУ
Get PDFIn EU countries, it is possible to distinguish between the two forms of volunteeringdepending on whether the volunteer is or is not a member of the organization inwhich volunteers. The first form is called a “mutually beneficial volunteering” asopposed to the other, which is called the “publicly useful volunteering.” Situationin each Member State is different and all forms of volunteering, the term “voluntaryactivities” refers to all types of voluntary activities, whether formal, non-formal orinformal which are undertaken of a person’s own free will, choice and motivation,and is without concern for financial gain. They benefit the individual volunteer,communities and society as a whole. They are also an instrument for individualsand associations to address human, social, intergenerational or environmental needsand concerns, and are often carried out in support of a non-profit organization orcommunity-based initiative. The European Year of Volunteering, 2011, which aimedat promoting the social and economic impact of volunteering by creating a favorableenvironment and conditions conducive to volunteering in the EU. The Europeansports model would be unable to exist and could not be justified without the supportof millions of volunteers. Difficulties faced by the European Union in trying toharmonize this sector: sporting matters still fall within the competence of MemberStates and the European volunteer scene remains extremely varied because of thehistorical, political and cultural attitudes of each European country. EU Sport Directors Meeting in Prague, on April 28-29, 2009 emphasized that the specificcharacteristics of sport mentioned in the Lisbon Treaty should be defined in moredetail and also concentrates on the specificity of the voluntary non-profit sportsmovement
Extreme floods in Serbia occurring simultaneously with the high water levels and heavy rains : case study
Get PDFThis paper discusses possible development or so-called scenario of extreme floods in the Republic of Serbia that would be caused by simultaneous occurrence of high-water levels/discharges on the rivers and heavy rains. As illustration, two scenarios are presented based on independently recorded cases of high water levels and heavy rains of May 2014. A scenario of the floods caused by the interaction of reached high water levels and observed heavy rains is particularly examined. Research of the floods is proposed with the parameters of flood waters that would not have highly unexpected values, but would be more extreme than all the past ones. Scenarios would yield new potentially useful information on the influence of floods on human communities. Proposals are presented for more efficient controlling and regulating of floods in the Republic of Serbia
Analiza krivičnopravnih i drugih zakonskih odredbi od značaja za detektivsku delatnost
Get PDFThe term detective activity is of a recent day in our region, although these activities were performed, through appropriate forms and ways, even in the period before this issue was regulated by law. Despite the enactment of the Law on Detective Activity there are certain regulations contained in other laws that directly or indirectly may apply to the detective activity. This paper uses content analysis methods, comparison, deduction and synthesis in order to explore and analyze problems relevant to this subject matter, i.e. regulations of criminal legislation and other laws related to or possibly related to the detective activity or to some of its aspects, with the previous emphasis on organization, entities, their authorities and way of performing the detective activity. Considering that the Law on Detective Activity contains provisions that refer to other legal acts, the rules associated with the detective activity and incorporated into other legislation are very significant, because their correct application allows for legal and professional performance of detective activities.Na našim prostorima detektivska delatnost je novijeg datuma i ovi poslovi su se, kroz odgovarajuće forme i načine, obavljali i u periodu pre nego što je ta problematika zakonom regulisana. I pored donošenja Zakona o detektivskoj delatnosti postoje određeni propisi sadržani u nekim drugim zakonima koji se na direktan ili indirektan način mogu primeniti i na detektivsku delatnost. U tom smislu, u radu se primenom metoda analize sadržaja, komparacije, dedukcije i sinteze, istražuje i analizira upravo ta problematika, tj. propisi krivičnog zakonodavstva i nekih drugih zakona koji se odnose ili se mogu odnositi na detektivsku delatnost ili na pojedine njene aspekte, sa prethodnim osvrtom na organizaciju, subjekte, njihova ovlašćenja i način vršenja detektivske delatnosti. S obzirom da Zakon o detektivskoj delatnosti sadrži i blanketne norme koje upućuju na druga pravna akta, to su propisi koji su povezani sa detektivskom delatnošću i sadržani u drugim zakonskim propisima veoma značajni, jer se njihovom pravilnom primenom omogućava zakonito i stručno obavljanje detektivskih poslova