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2025 research outputs found
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A Clustering-Based Approach to Detecting Critical Traffic Road Segments in Urban Areas
No full textThis paper introduces a parameter-free clustering-based approach to detecting critical traffic
road segments in urban areas, i.e., road segments of spatially prolonged and high traffic accident
risk. In addition, it proposes a novel domain-specific criterion for evaluating the clustering results,
which promotes the stability of the clustering results through time and inter-period accident spatial
collocation, and penalizes the size of the selected clusters. To illustrate the proposed approach, it is
applied to data on traffic accidents with injuries or death that occurred in three of the largest cities of
Serbia over the three-year period
Притвор у кривичном процесном законодавству Србије и искуства тужилаштва за организовани криминал – (не)усклађеност са европским стандардима?
Get PDFFreedom as one of the key values in a democratic society is limited by the contemporary needs of protecting the individual from arbitrariness and illegality, regardless of the sphere of social life in which the individual exists. This freedom, in our case freedom of movement, is determined by legal boundaries, both from the aspect of the national framework and international standards. Namely, present-day states set the realization of human rights as one of the main goals, but also the possibility of restrictions due to necessity in a democratic society and with a restrictive approach to the basis of legal restrictions, in this case restrictions on the right to freedom and security of person. In accordance with that, the paper critically analyses the adequacy of positive legal norms that regulate detention in Serbia and research was conducted in the Prosecutor’s Office for Organized Crime. In the conducted research, for the purpose of collecting primary data, a specially designed instrument was used - a survey questionnaire consisting of 7 questions. The aim of the research is to consider the adequacy of the legal norm and the efficiency of its application when it comes to the measure of detention, but also to identify problems in practice when determining the said measure. The results of the research indicate that the reform of the measure of detention is necessary, not only from the aspect of the national framework, but also the degree of harmonization with contemporary comparative criminal procedure legislation and European standards of deprivation of liberty.Слобода као једно од кључних вредности у демократском друштву ограничена је савременим потребама заштите појединца од произвољности, незаконитости, без обзи ра у којој сфери друштвеног живота појединац егзистира. Наведе на слобода, у нашем случају слобода кретања је одређена законским границама и то како посматрано са аспекта националног оквира тако и међународних стандарда. Наиме, савремене држа ве као један од главних циљева постављају остварење људских права, али исто тако и могућност ограничења из разлога неоп хо дности у демократском друштву и уз рестриктивни приступ основа законитог ограничења, у овом случају ограничења права на слободу и безбедност личности. У складу са тим, у раду је критички анализирана адекватност позитивноправних норми које регу лишу меру притвора у Србији и спроведено је истраживање у Тужилаштву за организовани криминал у Србији. У спроведеном истраживању, у сврху прикупљања примарних података кориш ћен је посебно конструисан инструмент – анкетни упитник који је био сачињен од 7 питања. Циљ истраживања је сагледавање адекватности законске норме и ефикасности њене примене када је реч о мери притвора, али и уочавања проблема у пракси приликом одређивања наведене мере. Резултати истраживања указују да је неопходна реформа мере притвора и то не само посматрано са аспекта националног оквира, већ и степена усаглашености са савременим компаративним кривичнопроцесним законодавствима и европским стандардима мера лишења слободе
Sustainable Development of Trust and Police Presence in Schools : Implications for School Safety Policy
No full textThe study aims to determine the trust and presence of police officers in schools in Serbia, as well as the perception of the principals and secretaries, teachers and staff, parents, and students on how successful the specific police units dedicated to schools were in fulfilling their tasks. The ex-post analysis was conducted through PEST/SWAT analysis, mapping the key actors and using batteries of online questionnaires, besides interviews with the MOI representatives, surveyed with personal interviewing, computer-aided surveying, desk analysis, and content analysis. The survey was conducted from September 2021 to June 2022. The research methods were implemented in 1140 schools in Serbia, and 8,617 people were included in surveys: police officers (308); principals and secretaries (1085); the team for protection against discrimination (982); teachers and staff (2988); parents (938) and students (2316). The relationships between the covariates and perception were investigated using the t-test, one-way ANOVA, multivariate linear regression, and binary regression. The results showed that a project of school police officers was not fully recognized as one of the strategically essential instruments for safe schools; trust is low, but presence is high. Besides that, the results suggest that the entire public believes that police are needed in schools and that it positively affects school safety. Regarding school safety policy, it is necessary to undertake three measures for the sustainable development of trust and the presence of police in school: regulatory, informative-educational, and institutional-organizational
Concept of risk, standards and application from the aspect of forensic engineering
No full textAssessments of the risk of unwanted events, in which fires and explosions may occur, among other things, are carried out from
the aspect of risk management and ensuring safety in a general sense. Risk represents the degree of probability that a certain
event will occur, based on knowledge of substances and conditions that can lead to danger, as well as knowledge and ability to
perform certain actions when unwanted events and dangers occur. Risk assessment is the basis for the construction of a fire and
explosion protection system, and is an aspect considered in this paper. Risk assessments contribute to making recommendations
the implementation of measures that improve the security systems, persons, facilities, and other material assets
On the Profession of Sworn/Court Interpreter in Serbia
Get PDFПрофесија овлашћеног судског преводиоца/тумача
често остаје неприметна и недовољно проучена, а постоје и многе заблуде у вези са њом, како у јавности, тако и унутар професионалне заједнице. Много је проблема везаних за обављање ове професије, тим пре што се професија преводиоца уопштено гледано
недовољно цени. Да би било јасније колико заправо типови усменог
превођења могу да буду различити, у раду смо пре свега представили
класификацију усменог превођења и то не само на симултано и консекутивно, које се углавном помиње као најопштија класификација
у литератури, него онако како је виде људи који се овом професијом
баве. У раду смо даље изнели преглед статуса професије у неким земљама Европе и у Србији. Подаци за земље Европе говоре да је ситуација далеко од идеалне, доста тога још треба да се уради да би се
правно уредио статус професије, критеријуми за обављање посла и
сл. Ситуација у Србији је боља него у већини земаља које су у раду
обухваћене прегледом, али има простора за даље унапређење.The profession of sworn/court interpreters often remains
unnoticed and insufficiently studied, and there are many misconceptions
about it, both in the public and within the professional community. There
are many problems related to the practice, as the profession seems to be
undervalued as a whole. In order to make it clear how types of interpreting
may be different, the paper first gives a classification of interpreting (oral
translation), not just a common classification into simultaneous and consecutive translation, but the classification into sub-categories as the practicing professionals see fit. The classification is followed by a comparative
review of the status of the profession in some European countries and in
Serbia as well. The data available for the European countries suggest that
the situation is far from ideal and that there is still a lot to be done in order
to provide a legal status of the profession, the criteria for practice, etc. The
situation in Serbia seems to be much better than in the majority of countries included in the paper, but further improvement is also welcome. It is
commendable that Serbia stands out as a positive example, being a country
where there are criteria set for this rather important profession as well as
procedures that need to be followed in order to become a sworn/court interpreter and translator. A lot of facts referring to the profession could not be
included in the paper due to its limited scope, such as stress as an inevitable
part of the profession, lack of appropriate formal but also informal education and training, the need for constant improvement and learning, the
problems related to getting remunerated for the job done, and other similar
issues. These facts could be the topic of some future research
Zero-and-One Integer-Valued AR(1) Time Series with Power Series Innovations and Probability Generating Function Estimation Approach
No full textZero-and-one inflated count time series have only recently become the subject of more extensive interest and research. One of the possible approaches is represented by first-order, nonnegative, integer-valued autoregressive processes with zero-and-one inflated innovations, abbr. ZOINAR(1) processes, introduced recently, around the year 2020 to the present. This manuscript presents a generalization of ZOINAR processes, given by introducing the zero-and-one inflated power series (ZOIPS) distributions. Thus, the obtained process, named the ZOIPS-INAR(1) process, has been investigated in terms of its basic stochastic properties (e.g., moments, correlation structure and distributional properties). To estimate the parameters of the ZOIPS-INAR(1) model, in addition to the conditional least-squares (CLS) method, a recent estimation technique based on probabilitygenerating functions (PGFs) is discussed. The asymptotic properties of the obtained estimators are also examined, as well as their Monte Carlo simulation study. Finally, as an application of the ZOIPS-INAR(1) model, a dynamic analysis of the number of deaths from the disease COVID-19 in Serbia is considered
Priorities of the European Union and the Republic of Serbia in opposing crime
Get PDFVelike posledice organizovanog kriminala i zahtevi društva za efikasnijom zaštitom uslovili
su potrebu za preduzimanjem proaktivnih aktivnosti. Za jasno definisane proaktivne aktivnosti
neophodna je objektivna procena i prognoza. U radu je predstavljen metodološki okvir za procenu
pretnje od teškog i organizovanog kriminala i postupak izbora prioriteta u okviru ciklusa politike
Evropske unije za suprotstavljanje teškom i organizovanom kriminalu. Drugi deo rada posvećen je
strateškim aktima donetim u Republici Srbiji, Strateškoj proceni javne bezbednosti i Proceni pretnje
od teškog i organizovanog kriminala sa najvažnijim činjenicama o organizovanim kriminalnim
grupama i oblastima kriminala koje su bile predmet navedenih dokumenata. U zaključku su iznete
preporuke za unapređenje metoda za prikupljanje i razmenu podataka, odnosno za unapređenje
analitičkih kapaciteta neophodnih za objektivnu izradu svih strateških dokumenata.The consequences of organinized crime and society’s demands for more effective protection
have caused the need to undertake proactive activities. An objective assessment and forecast is necessary
for
clearly
defined
proactive
activities.
The
paper
presents
a methodological
framework
for
assessing
the
threat
of
serious
and
organized
crime
and
procedure
for
choosing
priorities
within
the
Europian
Union’s
policy
cycle
for
combating
serious
and
organized
crime.
The
second
part
of
the
paper
is
dedicated
to
the
strategic
acts
adopted
in the
Republic
of
Serbia,
the
Strategic
Public
Security
Assesment
and
the
Serious
and
Organized
Crime
Threat
Assesment
with
the
most
important
facts
about
organized
criminal
groups
and
areas
of
crime
that
were
the
subject
of
the
aforementioned
documents.
In
the
conclusion,
recommendations
for
the
improvementof
methods
for
data
collection
and
exchange.
i.e.
for
the
improvement
of
analytical
capacities
necessary
for
the
objective
preparation
of
all
strategic
documents,
are
presented
Улога полиције у сузбијању прекограничног криминала : две деценије реформе
No full textЗа разлику од краја 20. и почетка 21. века, данас се у Србији примењује концепт интегрисаног управљања границом као савремени цивилни модел заштите
безбедности државне границе. Овај концепт обухвата скуп активности и мера усмерених
ка решавању стратешких и практичних изазова управљања границама. Европски
стандарди подразумевају два основна принципа ефикасног управљања границама: отвореност
граница
за
трговину
и кретање лица, затвореност граница за све криминалне
активности и друге активности које угрожавају стабилност у региону. У овом раду
сагледаћемо поједине аспекте рада граничне полиције који се односе на област супротстављања
прекограничном
криминалу,
и
то
кријумчарењу
људи,
опојних
дрога
и
оружја.
Сагледаћемо
и
промене
бића
ових
кривичних
у
последњих
две
деценије
Rodna (ne)ravnopravnost u policiji : percepcija policijskih službenika Crne Gore
Get PDFThis paper aims to analyse the Montenegrin police officers’ perception of gender equality. The findings are based on comprehensive empirical research of the perception of both male and female police officers in Montenegro, carried out in May 2020 in the form of an online questionnaire survey, and the collected data was subsequently analysed using statistical methods. The research results have indicated the key challenges faced by women in the Montenegrin police force: the perception that women should primarily perform administrative rather than managerial jobs, insufficient opportunities for career advancement, poor attitudes of executives towards women, and incidents of sexual harassment. The paper also attempts to shed light on a broader social context and the status of women in the police force by demonstrating that the inequality of women in the Montenegrin police force can be attributed at least in part to a deeprooted perception of the traditional patriarchal role of women in the family and in society.Cilj rada je analiza percepcije policijskih službenika Crne Gore o rodnoj ravnopravnosti. Nalazi rada zasnovani su na sveobuhvatnom empirijskom istraživanju
percepcije žena i muškaraca policijskih službenika u Crnoj Gori, koje je sprovedeno
onlajn anketom, dok su prikupljeni podaci naknadno obrađeni statističkom metodom. Rezultati istraživanja otkrivaju ključne izazove sa kojima se suočavaju žene u
crnogorskoj policiji: percepciju da žene prvenstveno treba da obavljaju administrativne, a ne menadžerske poslove; nedovoljne mogućnosti za napredovanje u karijeri; kao i incidente seksualnog uznemiravanja. Rad, takođe, pokušava da osvetli
širi društveni kontekst položaja žena u policiji pokazujući da se nejednakost žena
u crnogorskoj policiji jednim delom može pripisati duboko ukorenjenoj percepciji
tradicionalne patrijarhalne uloge žene u porodici i društvu
