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2025 research outputs found
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Cognitively Economical Heuristic for Multiple Sequence Alignment under Uncertainties
No full textThis paper introduces a heuristic for multiple sequence alignment aimed at improving
real-time object recognition in short video streams with uncertainties. It builds upon the idea of
the progressive alignment but is cognitively economical to the extent that the underlying edit dis-
tance approach is adapted to account for human working memory limitations. Thus, the proposed
heuristic procedure has a reduced computational complexity compared to optimal multiple sequence
alignment. On the other hand, its relevance was experimentally confirmed. An extrinsic evaluation
conducted in real-life settings demonstrated a significant improvement in number recognition accu-
racy in short video streams under uncertainties caused by noise and incompleteness. The second line
of evaluation demonstrated that the proposed heuristic outperforms humans in the post-processing
of recognition hypotheses. This indicates that it may be combined with state-of-the-art machine
learning approaches, which are typically not tailored to the task of object sequence recognition from a
limited number of frames of incomplete data recorded in a dynamic scene situatio
Some effects of 'pre-crime' concept in combating domestic violence
Get PDFThe paper discusses the role of police, public prosecutor and court in combating domestic violence and the effects achieved in the 2018‒2021 period. The aim of the study was to establish whether the provisions of the law that empower the police and judicial bodies are adequately
implemented in the entire territory of the Republic of Serbia and whether they offer sufficient
mechanisms to efficiently and effectively prevent and suppress domestic violence and provide efficient protection of the victims. The study also aimed to establish what effects were achieved by
proactive approach of the relevant authorities in the analysed four-year period, what the sentencing policy of the courts has been, and how efficient the public prosecution was in suppressing
domestic violence. The research results have shown that the effects of the new concept applied in
suppressing domestic violence are not uniform in all the regions of Serbia, that there has been a
decrease in the number of criminal offences, but that the number of fatalities among family members has not declined
The Application of Multimodal Analysis of Biometric Data in Forensic Medical Expertise
No full textForensic medical expertise uses a large number of biometric data in the process of
making findings and opinions. Further development of biometric analysis leads towards
much more specific results that enable more precise identification of persons. Medical
documentation contains a large number of biometric data that can be used in forensic
medical expertise. In cases where it is not possible to make a precise conclusion based
on only one biometric data, multimodal analyzes that take into account several types of
biometric data are applied
Artificial neural networks applications in forensic ballistics
No full textForenzička balistika je grana forenzike koja
uključuje analizu oružja, municije i odgovarajućih dokaza
u svrhu rešavanja zločina. Neuralne mreže, kao oblik
mašinskog učenja inspirisan ljudskim mozgom, koriste se
u forenzičkoj balistici kao pomoć u identifikaciji oružja i
municije.
Opšti pristup uključuje upotrebu neuralnih mreža za
analizu jedinstvenih tragova ostavljenih na projektilima i
čaurama nakon ispaljivanja. Ovi tragovi, nazvani
“prugama”, su često jedinstveni za određeno oružje i
mogu se koristiti za povezivanje projektila i čaure sa
specifičnim oružjem. Neuralne mreže se mogu obučiti na
velikim bazama slika pruga zarad učenja šablona
karakterističnih za određeno oružje.
Drugi pristup uključuje neuralne mreže u analizu tragova
barutnih čestica (gunshot residue - GSR), koje se izbacuju
iz oružja u trenutku ispaljivanja projektila. Neuralne mreže
se mogu obučiti za prepoznavanje karakterističnih tragova
barutnih čestica pronađenih na garderobi, koži, ili drugim
površinama, što pomaže u povezivanju osumnjičenog sa
mestom zločina.
U ovom radu ćemo ispitati mogućnost primene
standardnih i konvolucionih neuralnih mreža kao
napredne podrške trenutnoj metodologiji koja je u upotrebi
u forenzičkoj balistici. Biće razmotreno nekoliko različitih
struktura u cilju nalaženja adekvatnog algoritma za
podrčku odlučivanju. U literaturi postoje baze podataka
koje se mogu upotrebiti u ovom istraživanju. Autori tvrde
da upotreba neuralnih mreža u forenzičkoj balistici može
povećati tačnost i efikasnost u identifikaciji oružja i
municije, i obezbediti korisne dokaze u krivičnim
istragama. Međutim, kao i bilo koja forenzička tehnika,
bitno je da se pažljivo razmotre sva ograničenja i
potencijalne greške pri tumačenju rezultata analize
dobijene upotrebom neuralnih mreža u forenzičkoj
balistici.Forensic ballistics is a branch of forensic
science that involves the analysis of firearms, ammunition,
and related evidence to help solve crimes. Neural
networks, a type of machine learning algorithm inspired by
the functioning of the human brain, have been applied in
forensic ballistics to assist in the identification of firearms
and ammunition.
One common approach involves using neural networks to
analyze the unique markings left on bullets and cartridge
cases when they are fired. These markings, called
"striations," are often unique to a particular firearm and
can be used to link a bullet or cartridge case to a specific
gun. Neural networks can be trained on large databases of
striation images to learn patterns that are characteristic of
specific firearms. Another approach involves using neural networks to
analyze gunshot residue (GSR), which is composed of tiny
particles that are expelled from a firearm when the
projectile is fired. Neural networks can be trained to
recognize the distinctive patterns of GSR particles found
on clothing, skin, or other surfaces, which can help to link
a suspect to a crime scene.
In this paper, we will investigate potential applicability of
standard and convolutional neural networks as an
advanced support to the current methodology used in
forensic ballistics. Several different scenarios will be
considered and explored in terms of choosing of adequate
algorithm for decision support. There are datasets
available in literature that could be used for this
investigation. The authors have a claim that use of neural
networks in forensic ballistics has the potential to improve
the accuracy and efficiency of firearms and ammunition
identification, and to provide valuable evidence in criminal
investigations. However, like any forensic technique, it is
important to carefully consider the limitations and
potential sources of error when interpreting the results of
neural network analysis in forensic ballistics
Učestalost primene naprednih forenzičkih tehnika u utvrđivanju uzroka požara
No full textPožari predstavljaju energetske događaje sa
potencijalom da izazovu masovno uništenje života i imovine.
Vitalni deo istrage požara čine forenzičke analize. S tim u vezi,
već duže vreme, forenzička zajednica traži načine da poboljša
istragu požara, a posebno zbog toga što vatra i sredstva za njeno
gašenje uništavaju dokaze o uzroku nastanka. Sveobuhvatnu
analizu ostataka požara vrše stručna lica i kompanije
akreditovane za te poslove. Najčešće to su forenzičke laboratorije
koje poseduju opremu i alate za identifikaciju i prikupljanje
uzoraka, njihovo čuvanje i analiziranje.
Primarni cilj rada je da se prikažu napredne forenzičke
metode i tehnike primenjene kod prikupljanja i analize ostataka
od požara sa stanovišta najbolje prakse, a koji su bili predmet
istraživanja brojnih stručnih radova, kao i da se utvrdi
učestalost pojavljivanja najzastupljenijih metoda i tehnika.
Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da su dve najčešće primenjivane
tehnike gasna hromatografija i masena spektrometrija
Instrumentalne analize pri detekciji uzroka nastanka eksplozija
No full textForenzička istraga nastanka eksplozija je složen i
zahtevan proces koji obuhvata mnoge faze, kako na samom
mestu događaja, tako i u laboratorijskim uslovima. Rezultati
detekcije nastanka uzroka eksplozija umnogome zavise od
veština i deriviranih znanja forenzičara, njihove upotrebe
naprednih tehnika i tehnologija, kao i primene najnovijih
naučnih istraživanja i saznanja.
U radu je dat pregled instrumentalne metode i tehnike za
analizu i detekciju uzroka nastanka eksplozija prikupljenih iz
više od 90 naučno-stručnih radova koji su se bavili praktičnim
iskustvima forenzičkih eksperata za eksplozive. Dobijeni
rezultati su zbirno prikazani i ukazuju da su pri analizi uzoraka
eksplozija najviše korišćene: kapilarna elektroforeza i
Ramanova spektroskopija
Politics between illusions and reality [Book Review]
No full textBooks like "Politics as an Art of Illusion" are rare in the recent practice of political science. Although it was primarily intended for political scientists and sociologists, it can also be recommended as essential reading for future lawyers, historiens and pedagogues, as well as a wider audience interested in the area of political ideas, programmes, and practices. Professor Dragan Simeunović, having collected his best and most seasoned thoughts in one place, offers readers a codebook of the contemporary understanding of politics, which makes this book as indispensable source for the study of political practice
Концепт полиције у заједници и насиље у породици : проблеми и решења
Get PDFThis paper problematizes relationships within the so-called
"triangle": citizens' needs, domestic violence, model of police work in the
community. Research practice based on foreign experiences, empirical
findings, and theoretical concepts specifically analyzes the scope and
limitations of police work in responding to domestic violence. The
approach is directed towards the "victim concept", in accordance with
the most significant international and domestic legal solutions in the field
of combating gender-based violence. In Serbia, after the adoption of the
Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence, and according to the reports
on the results of its implementation in the period from 2017 to 2022, it
is necessary to harmonize judicial practice and procedures, as well as to
harmonize the positions of the courts in defining the criminal policy in
relation to this social phenomenon. According to the recommendations of
international institutions, it is necessary to intensify activities on research
and monitoring of domestic violence in Serbia. Data collection is still
carried out partially and sporadically, without a clear strategy, systematic
and unique approach.Истраживачке базе полицијских наука западних земаља одликује висок степен изграђености теорије, истраживања и праксе када су у питању студије које се баве проблемом практичне реализације и ефикасности концепта полиције у заједници у односу према проблему породичног насиља, односно, примене превентивних програма и интегративних развојних теоријских и практичних модела сарадње полиције и локалне заједнице на плану спречавања породичног насиља. Домаћа истраживачка база је сиромашна и неконзистентна. Изузев неколико студија и теоријских радова који се баве реформским процесима у полицији Србије, евалуацијом концепта полицијског рада у заједници, процедурама, практичним политикама, стратегијама и ефикасношћу реаговања полиције на породично насиље у оквиру свакодневног полицијског рада, малобројна су истраживања која анализирају организованост, практичну применљивост и резултате савременог концепта полицијског рада у односу према породичном насиљу. Овај рад проблема тизује тај однос унутар такозваног „троугла”: локална заједница, насиље у породици, концепт полиције у заједници. Истовремено, истраживачки приступ заснован на страним искуствима, примерима из праксе и теоријским концептима посебно анализира домете и ограничења концепта полиције у заједници као одговора на насиље у породици. Приступ је усмерен ка „концепту жртве”, у складу са најзначајнијим међународним и домаћим правним решењима у области борбе против родно заснованог насиља. У Србији је након усвајања Закона о спречавању насиља у породици, а према извештајима о резултатима његове примене у периоду од 2017. до 2022. године, неопходно усагласити судску праксу и процедуре, као и ставове судова у дефинисању кривичне политике у случајевима насиља у породици. Поред тога, проблем је и недостатак координације институција које се баве насиљем у породици, осим на локалном нивоу у појединим општинама (нарочито између полиције и центара за социјални рад). Према препорукама међународних институција, потребно је интензивира ти активности на истраживању и праћењу насиља у породици у Србији. Подаци се и даље прикупљају делимично и спорадично, без јасне стратегије и систематског и јединственог приступа
Destruction and appropriation of cultural heritage : from the Louvre through Kosovo and Palmyra
No full textThe publishing of this book was supported by the Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Serbia. - Prevod dela: Uništavanje i prisvajanje kulturnog nasleđa / Renata Samardžić ... [et al.
Development of Latent Fingermarks on Different Substrates Using Polyaniline-Based Powder Obtained by Simple Precipitating Method
No full textPurpose: Polymeric materials are widely used in various industries and fields, such as vehicle and air industry, medicine, pharmacy and nanotechnology, but still insufficiently investigated in forensic applications. Their specific properties could be of a great significance in forensic trace analysis and they could also gratify the cost-benefit requirements.
Design/Methods/Approach: This paper deals with polyaniline-based polymer powder, obtained by simple precipitating method, with the aim to develop latent fingermarks deposited onto different surfaces, often found at the crime scene.
Findings: Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) analyses confirmed interactions between components of the system. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis suggested that prepared powder has fine, uniform particles, which easily bind to the sweat and lipid fingerprint residues. Prepared powder was also used to visualize latent fingermarks left on different non-porous, semi-porous and porous surfaces, i.e. plywood, glass and paper.
Originality/Value: Obtained results showed that prepared powder could be used as a substitution for commercially employed fingerprint powders used in everyday forensic practice/trace analysis