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Uticaj demografskih faktora na nivo informisanosti građana o nadležnostima policije u prirodnim katastrofama
Get PDFThe research aims to determine the nature of the relationship between demographic characteristics of citizens in the Republic of Serbia and their awareness of the police responsibilities in natural disasters caused by flooding. Taking into account all municipalities in Serbia in which there is a risk of flooding, nineteen were randomly selected. In selected municipalities 2,500 citizens were surveyed by using a multi-stage random sample in the areas and households that are more vulnerable in relation to the level of a hundred-year high water. The research results indicate that there is a statistically significant correlation between the demographic characteristics (gender, age, level of education and success in high school) and the awareness of citizens of the responsibilities of the police in natural disasters. Only 22% of respondents noted that they were informed on the police responsibilities in natural disasters. Awareness is the highest in respect of responsibilities of fire and rescue units in natural disasters caused by flooding and the citizens aged 48 to 58 years are best informed on the police responsibilities. Citizens with university degrees showed a higher level of awareness about the police responsibilities compared to the citizens with completed secondary four-year school. Also, there is a statistically significant difference in the results for men and women in terms of awareness. The research results can be used to proactively improve the awareness of citizens, bearing in mind the security implications for policing itself in such situations. Social and scientific justification of the research stems from the necessity of a comprehensive analysis of police work in natural disasters and its assessment by the citizens.Sprovedeno istraživanje imalo je za cilj da utvrdi prirodu povezanosti demografskih karakteristika građana u Republici Srbiji i njihove informisanosti o nadležnostima policije u prirodnim katastrofama izazvanim poplavama. Uzimajući u obzir sve opštine u Srbiji u kojima postoji rizik od poplava, metodom slučajnog uzorka odabrano je njih devetnaest. U odabranim opštinama primenom višeetapnog slučajnog uzorka anketirano je 2500 građana u onim delovima i domaćinstvima koji su ugroženi u odnosu na nivo stogodišnje visoke vode. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da postoji statistički značajna povezanost ispitivanih demografskih karakteristika (pol, godine starosti, nivo obrazovanja i uspeh u srednjoj školi) i informisanosti građana o nadležnostima policije u prirodnim katastrofama. Samo 22% ispitanika je istaklo da je informisano o nadležnostima policije u prirodnim katastrofama. Informisanost je najviša u vezi sa nadležnostima vatrogasno-spasilačkih jedinica u prirodnim katastrofama izazvanim poplavama, pri čemu su građani starosti od 48 do 58 godina u najvećoj meri informisani o nadležnostima policije. Građani koji imaju visoko obrazovanje zabeležili su viši nivo informisanosti o nadležnostima policije u odnosu na građane sa završenom srednjom/četvorogodišnjom školom. Takođe, utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika rezultata kod muškaraca i žena u pogledu informisanosti. Rezultati istraživanja se mogu iskoristiti za proaktivno poboljšanje informisanosti građana imajući u vidu bezbednosne implikacije po sam rad policije u takvim situacijama. Društvena i naučna opravdanost istraživanja proizlazi iz neophodnosti sveobuhvatne analize rada policije u prirodnim katastrofama i ocene građana o tom radu
A comparative analysis of dangerous locations on the public roads in Serbia
No full textThe proper identification of dangerous locations is one of the most significant phases of the Black Spot Management process. Identifying dangerous locations is a complex procedure, as they are not always located only in hazardous road sections. In fact, dangerous locations can be identified in safe sections (those having a low level of objective risk). This comparative analysis includes the results of two studies focusing on identifying hazardous road sections on the state roads in Serbia. The first study is based on field research and interviews of experts according to territorial principles (subjective method). The second study relies on analysis of data related to the history and spatial distribution of road accidents (objective method). The subject of this analysis is focused on results obtained in the analysis of the subjective and objective methods used for identifying dangerous locations. The objective of the comparative analysis is to identify differences between the results of the subjective and objective analyses, as well as to more precisely prioritize dangerous locations on Serbian roads. The comparative analysis has shown that sections with low risk according to the subjective method may include 1 km sections with very high risks, which as a consequence, may lead to incorrect selection of dangerous locations. Additionally, there are sections with a small number of recorded road accidents and a very high subjective risk. Therefore, a reliable list of prioritized dangerous locations is obtained using both methods for identification of dangerous locations and the comparative analysis of their results
The relationship between educational level and citizen preparedness to respond to natural disasters
Get PDFThis paper presents the results of quantitative research into the relationship between educational level and preparedness of citizens to respond to a natural disaster caused by the flood. Starting from the local communities in Serbia that are vulnerable to flooding, 19 of them were selected randomly out of 150 municipalities and 23 cities and the city of Belgrade. In survey research conducted in 2015, which included 2,500 respondents, a test strategy in households was applied with the use of a multi-stage random sample. The research results indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between educational level and the following variables: preventive measures; financial funds; engaged in the field; engaged in a reception center; visiting flooded areas; heavy rains; river level rise; and the level of preparedness, supplies in the home; radio-transistor; flashlight; shovel; hack; apparatus for firefighting; supplies in the car; first aid kit in the home and so on. On the other hand, there is no relationship with variables: media reports, information in religious community, on television, education on radio, informal education system. The research results can be used to improve citizen preparedness to respond to disasters caused by flooding. The survey set out recommendations for increasing the level of preparedness to respond in such situations with regard to the educational level of citizens
Analysis of the emission of SO2, NOx, and suspended particles from the thermal power plants Kostolac (Serbia)
No full textThe environmental situation related to the thermal power basin of Kostolac for the most part represents the result of the influence of the thermal power plants (TPPs) of Kostolac A, Kostolac B, and the open-pit lignite mine. The quality of air is monitored by continuously measuring concentrations of the overall precipitation matters and gases such as CO2, SO2, NOx, CO, and O-3. Values significantly exceeding the legal limits have been found for pollutants in the surroundings of the TPPs Kostolac A and B and in the direction of dominant winds. The paper analyzes the impact of different scenarios of emission of harmful matters from the blocks of TPPs Kostolac A and B on the quality of air in this part of Serbia. The Gaussian model has been used to evaluate dispersion of gas substances and suspended particulates as well as parameters related to the surroundings. Calculations have been made relating to ground-level concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and suspended particles at varying distances from the emission source
Criminal law reaction on terrorism
Get PDFВременски контекст који прати почетак писања ове докторске дисертације указује на оправданост и потребу истраживања у области кривичноправног реаговања на тероризам. Наиме, терористички напади у Паризу, свирепа убиства америчких и других новинара и хуманитараца у Сирији, убиства припадника Жандармерије у Републици Србији и опсежне активности извршних власти у Босни и Херцеговини усмерене на прогон учинилаца кривичних дела тероризма само су потврда актуелности теме ове докторске дисертације. Иако сматрамо да научна оправданост овог истраживања почива на недовољно систематски проученим аспектима тероризма као кривичноправне категорије и друштвена оправданост истраживања чини да дисертација са овом темом може допринети расветљавању значаја и домета кривичноправне реакције на тероризам, као само једног у низу начина и видова супротстављања овој друштвеној појави.Тероризам као облик насилничког криминалитета и социјално-патолошка појава у друштву предмет је изучавања многобројних научних дисциплина због чињенице да представља претњу цивилизацији и основним вредностима човечанства. Висок степен друштвене опасности ове негативне друштвене појаве, оличен у великим људским жртвама, уништењу или оштећењу имовине и стварању осећања страха код грађана, опредељује друштво да се против њега бори и репресивним средствима у које се сврстава кривично право.Temporal context that accompanies the beginning of the writing of this dissertation indicate the justification and need for research in the field of criminal justice response to terrorism. The terrorist attacks in Paris, cruel killings of American journalists in Syria, killing a member of the Gendarmerie in the Republic of Serbia and the extensive activities of executive authorities in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina aimed at the prosecution of perpetrators of terrorism are just confirmation of news topics of this dissertation. Although we believe that the scientific justification for this research is based on a systematic under-studied aspects of terrorism as criminal law categories and social justification of the research seems to dissertations on this topic may contribute to shedding light on the importance and scope of the criminal justice response to terrorism, as only one in a number of ways of opposition to this socio-pathological social phenomena.Terrorism as a form of violent crime and socio-pathological phenomena in society has been studied by many disciplines due to the fact that it represents a threat to civilization and the basic values of humanity. The high degree of social danger of this negative social phenomenon, embodied in the great human casualties, destruction or damage to property and creating a sense of fear among the citizens, society chooses to fight against it by repressive means in which classifies criminal law
Trends of Motor Vehicle Theft in the Republic of Serbia and other European Countries
No full textNa mednarodnem področju si močno prizadevajo ugotavljati obseg in trende tatvin motornih vozil na podlagi
policijskih podatkov in na podlagi raziskav viktimizacije. Raziskave razlik v višini stopnje tatvin motornih vozil
med posameznimi državami so še na začetni stopnji, zato je namen te raziskave ugotoviti specifičnosti trenda tatvin
motornih vozil v Srbiji v primerjavi z drugimi evropskimi in zlasti bližnjimi državami ter značilnosti te kriminalne
dejavnosti in uslužbencev policije, ki se ukvarjajo z njenim odkrivanjem. Raziskava zajema obdobje 2002–2011.
Analizirani podatki kažejo, da je v Srbiji prisoten trend upadanja evidentiranih tatvin motornih vozil, da se je število
tatvin motornih vozil na 100.000 prebivalcev v Evropi zmanjševalo v povprečju linearno za 13,52, v Srbiji pa za 1,36
na leto. Podobno velja tudi za bližnje države, razen za Bolgarijo, kjer se je trend tatvin povečal. Analiza je pokazala
statistično pomembno razliko med povprečno stopnjo tatvin motornih vozil po eni strani v Evropi, po drugi strani pa
v Srbiji, na Hrvaškem, v Sloveniji, Bolgariji in na Madžarskem. Statistično pomembna razlika je tudi med Madžarsko
na eni strani ter Srbijo, Hrvaško, Slovenijo in Bolgarijo na drugi strani, medtem ko med Srbijo, Hrvaško, Slovenijo in
Bolgarijo ni statistično pomembne razlike.At the international level, significant efforts are being made towards reviewing the scope and trend of motor vehicle theft, based on
police records and prior research on victimization. Since comparative research on the rate of motor vehicle theft between countries is
still in its infancy, this study aims to examine the specifics of trends of motor vehicle theft in Serbia in comparison to other European
countries. The research is especially focused on the characteristics of criminal activities and police officers, who are fighting against
this form of crime in Serbia and its neighbouring countries. The research covers the period from 2002 to 2011 and the analyses show
that there is a trend of reducing registered motor vehicle theft in Serbia. Furthermore, the number of motor vehicle thefts per 100.000
inhabitants in Europe has decreased linearly, averaging about 13.52 per year. This trend of motor vehicle thefts is also present in Serbia
(1.36 per year) and neighbouring countries, with exception of Bulgaria, where number of motor vehicle thefts is increasing. Results
show that there are statistically significant differences between the average rates of motor vehicle theft in Europe and the average rates
of motor vehicle theft in Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Bulgaria and Hungary. Moreover, statistically significant differences exist between the
rate of motor vehicle theft in Hungary and the rates of motor vehicle theft in Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia and Bulgaria, while no statistically
significant differences were observed between Slovenia, Croatia, and Bulgaria
Protection of trade secrets
Get PDFThe Law on the Protection of Trade Secret, as unique general law, regulates
the legal basis for the protection of trade secret against unfair competition in all areas
of economic activities and scientific research. Concrete measures, that the holder of
certain information would take in order to preserve confidentiality, depend primarily
on the type, importance and value of the information. Examples include the signing
of non-disclosure agreements, marking as confidential, limiting access to documents
or files which contain confidential information, and the like. The balance between the
need for confidentiality and liability is the result of good non-disclosure agreement
that contributes to the success of the business cooperation between the Contracting
Parties. In this paper, the authors deal with the conceptual definition of trade secret
by analyzing the content of the legislation which protects it and by considering the
conditions that must be fulfilled in order to treat a piece information as a trade secret.
Without the intention to question the adoption of the said law, numerous scientific,
professional and political opinions are given on the topic of regulation and protection
of trade secret in Serbia. We will use the case of the “most expensive Serbian secrets”
as a reminder of how signed contracts are broken or unfulfilled, promises are violated,
requests are ignored, unnecessary funds are allocated and competitive advantage in
the market is lost, all due to the loss of important business information
Community policing in Serbia: between tradition and contemporary challenges
No full textPurpose: Over the few last decades, special attention of experts, researchers and practitioners in Serbia dealing with the model of community policing, has been paid to the strategy of locally-based policing as a qualitatively new system of police organization and functions based on relationship between citizen expectations and what police are really doing. A theoretical analysis of conceptual and methodological considerations of community policing, as well as an empirical research based on principles of community policing are the main topic of this paper. Methods: Responses of mid-ranking police officers and patrol and beat officers were used as a source of information in order to evaluate the implementation of community policing in the context of domestic violence, i.e. to analyse police officers' attitudes towards community policing. Altogether 80 police officers were surveyed. Findings: The analysis of police officers' attitudes towards community policing in local communities shows that the most frequently mentioned obstacles to its implementation are structural changes and traditional police subculture. Furthermore, absence of intergovernmental cooperation between police agencies and nonprofessional attitude towards citizens (inclination to corruption and abuse of discretionary powers in decision making) were seen as limiting factors. Research limitations: The main obstacle regarding the study refers to the unequal sample regarding gender distribution. Nevertheless, the sample characteristics are in accordance with the analysed population. Originality: After considering the research results and analysing foreign theoretical and practical experience, general recommendations have been made to improve the theory and practice in community policing implementation and to enhance its performance in local communities
Criminological aspects of the exceeding and the abuse of police powers
Get PDFОвај рад je посвећен научном сагледавању противзаконитог поступања припадника полиције. Додуше, истраживање нема претензије да у потпуности захвати сложену проблематику„полицијске делинквенције“, већ само кривична дела настала као резултат прекорачења или злоупотребе полицијских овлашћења, а која су опредмећена у конкретним видовима насилничког и коруптивног понашања службеника полиције, испољеним током или непосредно у вези са обављањем полицијске дужности. За те потребе издвојили смо следећа кривична дела - убиство, тешка телесна повреда, злостава у служби (злостављање и мучење) и примање мита. Иако паралелно сагледавање насиља и корупције није уобичајено, сматрамо да је само обједињеном анализом ових деликата могуће утврдити бројне карактеристике и специфичности прекорачења и злоупотреба полицијских овлашћења, а које би иначе било тешко увидети независним истраживањем ових двеју појава.Наслов рада Криминолошки аспекти прекорачења и злоупотребе полицијских овлашћења правдамо чињеницом да криминолошки оријентисано истраживање омогућава шире сагледавање проучаваних појава, јер је познато да криминологија свој предмет посматра кроз три димензије - феноменолошку, етиолошку и виктимолошку. Уз то, у криминолошким истраживањима се посебан значај придаје процесу друштвене реакције, што отвара простор за анализирање постојећих мера и механизама контроле прекорачења и злоупотребе полицијских овлашћења.Недовољан степен научног сазнања о проучаваним појавама у нашим условима наметнуо је, пре свега, потребу описивања предмета истраживања, у склопу ког смо сагледали и анализирали размере и начинe испољавања конкретних видова насилничког и коруптивног понашања полицијских службеника, као и кључне факторе који су допринели њиховом настанку, али и реакције, формалне и неформалне природе, које су потом уследиле. Као посебан циљ одредили смо систематизацију предмета истраживања, а која се односила, пре свега, на утврђивање основних типова насилничког и коруптивног понашања у полицији, али и најзначајнијих фактора ризика од њиховог испољавања, као и основних механизама супростављања тим појавама. Домет истраживања је сведен на проверу полазних претпоставки, с тим да су у хипотетичком оквиру јасно раздојене радне претпоставке које третирају насиље полиције од хипотеза на којима смо базирали истраживање корупције у полицији.This paper is dedicated to the scientific perception of unlawful conduct of the police. However, this research has no pretensions to fully cover the complex issue of "police delinquency", but only crimes resulting from excess or abuse of police powers, which are embodied in concrete forms of violent and corrupt behavior that occurred during the performance of official duties or that were directly related to it. For that purpose, we selected the following crimes - murder, serious bodily injury, mistreatment in service (abuse and torture) and bribery. Although parallel consideration of violence and corruption is not usual, we consider that only a unified analysis of these offenses can determine a number of features and specificities of abuse of police powers, which would otherwise be difficult to understand by an independent investigation of these two phenomena.Title of this paper Criminological aspects of exceeding and abuse of police powers we justify by the fact that criminological oriented research provides a broader understanding of the studied phenomena, because it is known that criminology view its subject through three dimensions - phenomenological, etiological and victimological. In addition, criminological research gives special importance to the process of social reaction, which opens a space for analyzing the existing measures and control mechanisms of exceeding and abuse of police powers.Insufficient level of scientific knowledge about the studied phenomena in the conditions in our country imposed, above all, the need to describe the object of research, within which we recognized and analyzed the situation and the ways of expressing specific forms of violent and corrupt conduct of police officers, as well as the key factors that contributed to their occurrence but also both formal and informal reactions which followed these situations. As a specific goal we defined the systematization of the subject of the research, which was primarily related to establishing basic types of violent and corrupt conduct in the police, but also the systematization of the most important risk factors of their manifestation, as well as the basic mechanisms to prevent these phenomena. The scope of research is reduced to checking initial assumptions, and in a hypothetical framework the working assumptions about police violence are clearly separated from the hypothesis on which we based research on police corruption