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Fundamental human rights of police officers in the light of a new Law on Police
Get PDFThe adoption of new Law on Police was preceded by a political
decision to reform the public security systems and harmonize them
with European achievements and values. The Law has been adopted in
the spirit of European integrations, in the course of implementation of
key reforms of the Republic of Serbia legislation in the area of security
and justice. On March 01, 2012, The Council of Europe passed the
decision to grant Serbia the candidate status for the EU. The Law
came into force at the time when the last evaluation was made on
fulfi lment of criteria for opening the most important chapters, Chapter
23 (Judiciary and fundamental rights) and Chapter 24 (Justice, freedom
and security). Prior to its adoption the Law on Police was given a
positive opinion by the Council of Europe, although the Ombudsman
came forward with numerous remarks which were not adopted.
After considering from various aspects the provisions related to
special circumstances of termination of employment by the power of
law and the consequences it may create in practice, we have given our
opinion on their applicability and legal viability in the legal system
of Serbia. When analysing certain provisions of the Law on Police,
but also other legal regulations, we have established that they are not
in harmony with each other. Disharmony refers both to the mutual
provisions of the same law and to the provisions of various laws of
the same legal power. Also, through the analysis of certain rulings of
the European Court of Human Rights we have come to the conclusion
that certain provisions of the Law are not harmonized with ratifi ed
international and regional agreements.
All this can lead to legal insecurity of those employed by the
internal aff airs agencies. Moreover, through comparative law analysis
we have come to the conclusion that foundation for the provisions
defi ned by the Law on Police that has just been adopted cannot be
found in legal regulations of other European countries either. At the
end of every analysis we have given our opinion if the provisions of
this Law are “adequately available, foreseeable and formulated with enough precision to provide, if required, advice to the employee to
regulate his behaviour”. We have considered also if the right to private
and family life, as well as the right to fair trial has been provided for
those employed by the Ministry of Interior.
It was necessary to establish all this in order to give evaluation
if the Law on Police is harmonized with the Convention for protection
of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Finally, taking into account all the above said, we are of the
opinion that the right political decision of the Ministry of Interior
management has been reached to postpone the implementation of
certain provisions of the new Law in practice, regardless of the fact
that the manner of their postponed implementation can be discussed,
and the fact that there is the question of legal foundation of such a
decision. Namely, consistent implementation of these provisions of the
law could result in incalculable harmful consequences and violation
of many fundamental human rights of those employed in the Ministry
of Interior. The question is how much the adoption of contradictory
regulations by the legislator and unlawful decisions by executive and
judicial authorities will cost Serbia in the future.
We are of the opinion that the 2016 Law must be thoroughly
amended de lege ferenda in the same year when it was adopted,
since the implementation of certain provisions can result in initiation
of many legal procedures in which the defendant – the Republic of
Serbia can be convicted of violation of fundamental human rights,
and therefore suff er immense damage, both material and immaterial
(reputation destroyed)
Role of criminal law of Serbia in prevention of family violence
Get PDFThe question is asked what the possibilities of criminal law in prevention and
suppression of family violence are. Article 42 of the Criminal Code starts from relative
theory and determines the purpose of punishment as special and general prevention.
Special prevention is underlined also within security measures as a type of criminal
sanctions which can be ordered for family violence as well. Analysing the penal policy of
the legislator and courts, we have made an attempt to determine if the purpose has been
achieved of prescribing a criminal offence of family violence. As pointed out in a part of
theory ratio legis of this incrimination was to provide complex criminal law protection.
However, taking into account the reaction and response of the competent authorities
to family violence, and after the analysis of primarily court penal policy, we express a
certain degree of scepsis regarding the reasons set forth as the reasons the legislator
was guided by when incriminating family violence. It is therefore clear that general and
special prevention goals that the penalty implies are not accomplished either, and this
clearly and undoubtedly results from the legal text. The fact that this phenomenon draws
the attention of the public increasingly suggests that the legislator was mostly guided
by certain populist-political reasons rather than the true analysis which determines the
need to incriminate family violence as a separate criminal offence
Zakon o zaštiti od nasilja u porodici : osvrt na prednacrt Zakona (ne)usaglašenost sa drugim zakonima
No full textNasilje u porodici je tema koja je zaokupljala veliku pažnju i kojom su se prvenstveno bavile mnoge nevladine organizacije u razvijenim državama Evrope i sveta u drugoj polovini prošlog veka, a kod nas dolazi u centar pažnje krajem prošlog i početkom 21. veka. Međunarodne i regionalne organizacije (UN, EU), kao i većina razvijenih država u svetu prepoznaje potrebu da se nasilje u porodici i pojedina ponašanja koja nisu obuhvaćena već postojećim inkriminacijama zakonski urede tj. da se preduzmu odgovarajuće mere i radnje na sprečavanju i suzbijanju te pojave. Nasilje u porodici se u našem pravnom sistemu suzbija porodičnopravnim, krivičnopravnim i prekršajnopravnim merama. U fokusu se nalazi pitanje njihove efikasnosti jer Ministarstvo pravde trenutno radi na izradi Zakona o zaštiti od nasilja u porodici čiji je prednacrt i objavljen. Ovom prilikom, osvrnućemo se na pojedina rešenja prednacrta i analizirati njihovu potencijalnu efikasnost, sa stanovišta rada policije, javnog tužilaštva i suda, jer to je osnovni razlog donošenja posebnog zakona. Takođe, utvrdićemo stepen njegove (ne)usaglašenosti sa ostalim zakonskim propisima i posebno ukazati na pitanje da li će nove zakonske mere poboljšati zaštitu žrtava nasilja u porodici
Carinski organi u funkciji suzbijanja sive ekonomije
Get PDFInformal economy or grey economy is one of the possible problems which economy faces and if it is not suppressed or reduced to an acceptable level our country cannot expect any serious economic development. Taking into account such a point of view, it could be concluded that the fight against this kind of criminal economy is directly related to the problem of measures, instruments, and institutions competent for the fight against shadow economy. Grey economy is a problem that heavily burdens underdeveloped countries. Due to the reduction of its annual budget revenues by one-third, the Republic of Serbia is fighting the grey economy to a great extent. The Republic of Serbia's customs service itself can cause the grey economy, facilitating irregular import and export of goods, trafficking, arms/ammunition/drugs smuggling, etc. Customs activities can help in the prevention and control of import-export irregularities, but this can only be done with the participation of other government officials. The cooperation between the customs service and other government bodies such as the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Internal Revenue Service may significantly affect the reduction of grey economy, the increase of funds' flow in the budget and the reduction of unemployment. Scientific and domestic literature in the field of economic destructions and customs services is rather scarce, and it is with good reason suggested that scientific and expert studies of this problem both in our country and in the world are too rare in comparison with the significance of the problem. We are quite sure that the reading of the results we have presented and analysed in this scientific paper will also detect the obstacles resulting from them, which could ultimately lead to the comprehensive state strategy in the fight against grey economy and its transformation into legal flows, where the customs service would surely find its place. Without an intention for this paper to be the paper carrying an old seal of some ancient times, the basic motive is to transform this problem into contemporary flows and to offer as complete information as possible to both laymen and experts on the role of the customs service in the field of the fight against grey economy together with the prominent note of interdisciplinary character.Siva ekonomija je problem koji u velikoj meri opterećuje nerazvijene države. Republika Srbija ulaže napore da bi se obuzdala siva ekonomija koja joj godišnje umanjuje budžetski prihod za jednu trećinu. Neefikasan rad carinskih organa kroz omogućavanje neregularnog uvoza i izvoza robe, kao i šverca robe, može biti uzročnik sive ekonomije. Uprava carina Ministarstva finansija Republike Srbije svojim aktivnostima može u velikoj meri da spreči i suzbije protivpravno ponašanje i druge oblike neformalne ekonomije, što je definisano Poslovnom strategijom Uprave carina 2011-2015. godine. U cilju efikasne zaštite građana i privrede od nezakonite i ilegalne trgovine i svih oblika prekograničnog kriminala u međunarodnom prometu robe, Uprava carina mora sarađivati sa drugim organima državne uprave i državnim organima. Od posebnog je značaja saradnja carinskih organa, Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova i Poreske uprave, koja utiče na smanjenje sive ekonomije, povećanje priliva sredstava u budžet i smanjenje nezaposlenosti. Primarni cilj rada se odnosi na dublju analizu ukorenjenosti neformalne ekonomije u savremeno ekonomsko tkivo i preispitivanje uloge carinskih organa Republike Srbije. Tokom istraživačkog procesa primenjivale su se savremene metode istraživanja, modifikovane za potrebe predmetnog problema. Najviše su korišćeni komparativni, deskriptivni i normativno-pravni metod
Bezbednosni rizici savremenih migracija
Get PDFContemporary migrations are featured not only by internal or international movement of people for existential reasons. Nowadays, there are economic migrants, refugees from conflict zones, politically persecuted asylum seekers and ecological migrants. This comes up to be a global problem, often linked to transnational organized crime and terrorism, which certainly has many security implications for contemporary society, the state and the international community. If we take into account the fact that contemporary migrations take on the characteristics of globalism and organization and become increasingly mass, it is clear that the risks and consequences for human, national and international security are multiplied. In this regard, the paper will make a reference to the typology and the effects of the security risks of contemporary migrations.Savremene migracije nisu više samo prosto unutrašnje ili međunarodno kretanje stanovništva iz egzistencijalnih razloga (ekonomski migranti, izbeglice iz konfliktnih zona, politički progonjeni azilanti i ekološki migranti). Danas je to globalni problem, koji je često povezan sa transnacionalnim organizovanim kriminalom i terorizmom, što svakako ima brojne bezbednosne implikacije po savremeno društvo, državu i međunarodnu zajednicu. Ukoliko se u obzir uzme i to da savremene migracije poprimaju obeležja globalnosti, organizovanosti i masovnosti, jasno je da su rizici i posledice po ljudsku, nacionalnu i međunarodnu bezbednost višestruko uvećani. S tim u vezi, u radu će biti učinjen osvrt na tipologizaciju i efekte bezbednosnih rizika savremenih migracija. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179045: Razvoj institucionalnih kapaciteta, standarda i procedura za suprotstavljanje organizovanom kriminalu i terorizmu u uslovima međunarodnih integracija, projekat: Upravljanje policijskom organizacijom u sprečavanju i suzbijanju pretnji bezbednosti u Republici Srbiji, koji finansira i realizuje Kriminalističko-policijska akademija u Beogradu u okviru ciklusa naučnih istraživanja 2015-2019. godine
Phenotypic heterogeneity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in the protected nature park 'Palic' (Serbia)
No full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is a globally distributed environmental bacterium, which is also a significant opportunistic pathogen of humans, animals and plants. It is considered that wide distribution of this bacterium is connected with its most significant constitutive property to form biofilms, and that this multicellular mode of growth, predominant in nature, serves as a protective mechanism against unfavourable environmental conditions. The work presented here examines the phenotypic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa environmental isolates with respect to biofilm production capacity under different environmental conditions (temperature, pH, NaCl), production of virulence factors, and motility. The purpose of this work is to present the production of two quorum sensing-regulated virulence factors (rhamnolipids and pyocyanin), explore different motility tests (swimming, swarming and twitching) and discover potential relationship between assessed phenotypic features. Obtained results delineate environmental conditions coinciding with biofilm production and suggest a high correlation between rhamnolipid production levels and biofilm formation. Rhamnolipids affect motility competence, yet only the flagellum-mediated swimming motility has significant impact on the biofilm formation potential. Although it is challenging to demarcate a definitive, clear correlation between parameters tested, rhamnolipid content appears to serve as a link between the tested phenotypic factors
Performance of Diversity System Output Signal in Mobile Cellular System in the Presence of alpha-mu all Short Term Fading and Gamma Long Term Fading
Get PDFIn this paper, wireless mobile communication system with macrodiversity reception is considered. Macrodiversity system is consisting of macrodiversity selection combining (SC) receiver and three microdiversity SC receivers. Propagation channel suffers alpha-mu short term fading and Gamma long term fading resulting in system performance degradation. Analytical closed form expression for average level crossing rate (LCR) of macrodiversity SC receiver output signal envelope is obtained Mathematical results are analyzed, presenting the influence of long term fading parameters and short term fading parameters on average level crossing rate. Obtained results can be used in the process of simulation and design of real-world environments mobile cellular telecommunication systems
Diskriminacija u radu policije - fenomenološka dimenzija
Get PDFThe authors find the purpose of writing this paper in the necessary clarifications of an extremely complex phenomenon which is in the scientific and professional literature known as 'police discrimination.' This is more so because the issue of police discrimination in local literature has not so far been sufficiently discussed, at least not in the scientific-theoretical and empirical research on this phenomenon. Having in mind that the theoretical and working definition of the object of this research is the first and indispensable step to comprehend the indicators of the studied phenomenon, it seemed important to us to consider in the work the very concept of police discrimination and the ways of manifestation of this phenomenon. For this purpose, the paper firstly gives a conceptual definition of police discrimination, and then its basic forms and categorization. Our aspiration was to, at least partially, remove certain ambiguities and increase the interest of the academic community to research this phenomenon, not only in the form of its theoretical analysis, but also through its empirical research in Serbian society. The need for this stems primarily from the fact that, in our environment, the empirical studies have not been conducted in a sufficient number that would systematically and comprehensively research the phenomenon of police discrimination, so that a number of indicators of its phenomenon and its extent are mainly the result of suppositions and free estimations.Smisao pisanja ovog rada autori pronalaze u potrebi pojašnjenja izuzetno kompleksne pojave u naučnoj i stručnoj literaturi poznatoj kao 'policijska diskriminacija'. Tim pre što u domaćoj literaturi nije do sada bilo dovoljno reči o problemu policijske diskriminacije, bar ne kroz naučno-teorijska i empirijska istraživanja ove pojave. Imajući u vidu da teorijsko i radno definisanje predmeta istraživanja predstavlja prvi i neizostavni korak na putu do spoznaje pokazatelja proučavane pojave, činilo nam se važnim da u radu razmotrimo sam pojam policijske diskriminacije i načine manifestovanja ove pojave. U cilju toga, u radu je najpre dato pojmovno određenje policijske diskriminacije, a zatim njeni osnovni oblici i kategorizacija. Težnja nam je bila da na taj način bar delimično otklonimo određene nedoumice i povećamo zainteresovanost naučne javnosti za istraživanjem ove pojave, ali ne samo u vidu njenih teorijskih analiza već i kroz njena empirijska istraživanja u srpskom društvu. Potreba za tim prevashodno proizlazi iz činjenice da u našim uslovima do sada nisu u dovoljnom broju sprovedene empirijske studije kojim bi se sistemski i sveobuhvatno istražio fenomen policijske diskriminacije tako da su brojni pokazatelji njene pojave i obima uglavnom rezultat nagađanja i slobodnih procena
Izazovi identiteta u kontekstu terorističkih napada 'Pariz 2015'
Get PDFUnprecedented wave of refugees seeking for a refuge in Europe during 2015, most of them being Muslims, intensified the already existing intolerance to immigration. Among some of the Europeans, immigrations are constructed as a threat to their personal employment, standard of living, the welfare state and the national economy, but also as a threat to their own (personal and collective) European and Christian identity. Such circumstances are favorable for the development of racism and xenophobia among domicile population, but they also lead to reactions of immigrants to whom certain rights, freedoms and protection by international law are guaranteed. At the same time, the Islamist terrorist organizations abuse negative reaction of Europeans to the migrant crisis as an excuse to carry out terrorist attacks. However, attacks are actually regarded as a kind of retaliation for NATO's involvement in the bombing of Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria, conducted primarily by the so-called Islamic State, and a kind of rebellion against cultural domination and influence of the West over Islamic societies and against Western resistance to the creaton of Islamic State. Such a terrorist attack took place in Paris in late 2015. It further intensified tensions that are generally based on different identities of Muslims, on one side, and nationalists: extreme right-wingers and especially neo - Nazis, the so-called 'guardians of Christianity and Europe', on the other side. In this regard, the paper reviews the politicization and abuse of Islam (otherwise very peaceful and tolerant religion) for terrorist purposes, which as a consequence, unjustifiably stigmatize all Muslims, as well as the reaction of Europeans to these events.Nezapamćeni talas izbeglica koje su tražile utočište u Evropi tokom 2015. godine, a koje su najvećim delom muslimani, kod pojedinih Evropljana pojačao je već postojeće doživljavanje imigracije kao pretnje ličnom zaposlenju, životnom standardu, socijalnoj državi i nacionalnoj ekonomiji, ali i kao ugrožavanje sopstvenog (ličnog i kolektivnog) - evropskog i hrišćanskog identiteta. Takve okolnosti pogoduju razvoju rasizma i ksenofobije kod domicilnog stanovništva, ali dovode i do reakcije imigranata kojima međunarodno pravo garantuje izvesna prava, slobode i zaštitu. Istovremeno, islamističke terorističke organizacije zloupotrebljavaju negativnu reakciju Evropljana na migrantsku krizu kao izgovor za vršenje terorističkih napada, iako su napadi zapravo odmazda za angažovanje NATO snaga u bombardovanju Avganistana, Iraka i Sirije, a pre svega tzv. Islamske države, odnosno vid borbe protiv kulturološke dominacije i uticaja globalnog Zapada na islamski svet i 'put' stvaranja islamskih država. Jedan od takvih mučkih terorističkih napada dogodio se u Parizu krajem 2015. godine. To je dodatno podgrejalo tenzije koje su, generalno, zasnovane na različitosti identiteta muslimana s jedne i nacionalista - ekstremnih desničara, a posebno neonacista - tobožnjih 'čuvara hrišćanstva i Evrope', s druge strane. S tim u vezi, u radu je učinjen osvrt na politizovanje i zloupotrebu islama (inače veoma miroljubive i tolerantne religije) u terorističke svrhe, zbog čega su neopravdano stigmatizovani svi muslimani, kao i na reakciju Evropljana
Influence of education on the intensity of hooliganism among young population in Serbia
Get PDFУ раду се анализира учешће младе популације у Републици Србији у навијачким сукобима са аспекта интензитета тих сукоба, затим се истражују обележја едукације која је спроведена са младом популацијом ради превенције њиховог учешћа у насиљу навијача, да би се, на крају, анализирао утицај спроведене едукације на учешће младих у навијачким сукобима различитог интензитета. Анализе су спроведене на основу података прикупљених анонимном анкетом 3.662 средњошколца из 12 српских градова који су у сезони 2012/2013. године имали прволигашке фудбалске тимове. Прикупљени подаци анализирани су статистичком методом, и то: 1) стандардним дескриптивним техникама; 2) χ2
-тестом независности; 3) t-тестом независних узорака; 4) једнофакторском АНОВА и 5) двофакторском АНОВА. Анализе су показале да значајан проценат младих у Србији учествује у навијачком насиљу различитог интензитета. Едукација ради превенције навијачког насиља младих није спроведена на одговарајућем нивоу, како по квантитету, тако ни по квалитету. Ипак, она утиче на то да ли средњошколци учествују у навијачким сукобима. Поред едукације, на учешће младих у навијачким сукобима и на интензитет тих сукоба утичу и средина (град), те ко је едукацију спровео (наставници или полицијски службеници). Резултати анализа указују да: 1) превентивна едукација са младима има оправдања; 2) такву едукацију треба интензивирати, али не као реакцију да догађаје, већ као превентивну меру; 3) садржај и методику извођења едукације треба прилагодити популацији којој је намењена