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Насиље у породици у судској пракси Републике Србије и Европског суда за људска права
Get PDFНасиље је појава која постоји од настанка људске врсте и прати
еволуцију друштва. Оно дефинише однос снага у којем постоји тежња да се други потчини или изложи сили. Већ на самом почетку покушавамо да скренемо пажњу на природу
појма који користимо, на његову вишезначност, јер је склон коришћењу и истицању и бруталности људских односа, али у једном друштвеном дискурсу може да представља и резултат културне конструкције која приказује одређена понашања као прихватљива. Насиље у породици је само један појавни облик насиља. Сви се слажу да насиље у породици
представља друштвено неприхватљиво понашање и приступи у решавању овог проблема
су различити. Међутим, највећи проблем данашњице је велики број непријављених случајева насиља у породици, као и велики број пријављених дела у којима не долази до покретања
кривичног поступка. У Србији се велики број кривичних пријава за насиље у породици одбаци од стране јавног тужиоца, како због недостатка доказа (најчешће због одбијања да
сведочи оштећено лице), тако и због примене опортунитета. Такође, велики број кривичних поступака се не покреће зато што се насиље у породици квалификује као прекршај из
области Закона о јавном реду и миру.3 Проблем представља и непрецизна формулација
основног облика овог кривичног дела, али и релативно блага казнена политика судова.
Овом приликом указаћемо и на неуједначеност судске праксе до које је дошло, углавном,
због различитих схватања приликом одређивања радње и последице овог кривичног дела,
али и због невештог разграничења у односу на друга кривична дела.Однос са другим кривичним делима ће нам у једном сегменту указати и на питање да ли је заштита оштећених за дела насиља у породици на задовољавајућем нивоу, јер је један од разлога за прописивања овог кривичног дела била и чињеница да се у породици врши насиље, а да из разних
разлога не долази до кривичног гоњења, чак и када је остварено биће неког другог кривичног дела. Дакле, ratio legis инкриминације је био појачана заштита оштећених за насиље у
породици. Зато се у овом раду бавимо, пре свега, правним аспектима заштите од насиља
у породици, а посебно теоријским разматрањима и судском праксом у Србији, али и судском праксом Европског суда за људска права
Prediction model of the youth’s preferences regarding racism at football matches
Get PDFThe paper presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phenomenon of racism at football matches in Serbia. The statistic analyses relate to the youth aged 14 to 19. The paper proves that (1) a large part of the population of the young perceives the problem of racism at football matches, but without recognizing racist outburst, and (2) that male gender, membership in fan groups, and alcohol consumption are the common characteristics which, independently or in interaction, characterize a portion of Serbian population prone to racist behaviour. Moreover, the predictive model presented in this paper indicates that (1) there is a significant portion of population of the youth (less than 10%) prone to racist behaviour, as well as (2) the necessity of creating programmes for prevention of racism to be implemented in schools based on education of recognition and avoidance of racism
Perception of Police on Discrimination in Serbia – Results of the Survey on the Attitudes of Public Order and Traffic Police Officers
No full textU radu se iznose i analiziraju rezultati istraživanja stavova pripadnika policije opšte nadležnosti i saobraćajne policije sedam područnih policijskih uprava u Srbiji – Beograd, Novi Sad, Subotica, Novi Pazar, Vranje, Kragujevac i Zaječar. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u periodu septembar –oktobar 2015. godine. Predmet istraživanja је analiza stavova policije prema diskriminaciji, prepoznavanju njene suštine, obimu ugroženosti pojedinih društvenih grupa i prepoznavanju govora mržnje. Predmet istraživanja je, takođe, utvrđivanje postojanja i stepena socio-etničkih distanci, utvrđivanje odnosa prema merama koje bi trebalo da poprave položaj osetljivih grupa i odnosa prema institucijama po pitanju njihove odgovornosti za pojavu diskriminacije i uticaja na njeno smanjivanje, zatim lični doživljaj diskriminacije i analiza stavova povodom pojedinih tvrdnji stereotipnog karaktera. Rezultati ovog istraživanja su dati u komparativnoj analizi sa rezultatima istraživanja stavova pripadnika kriminalističke policije Republike Srbije sprovedenim 2014. godine, kako bi se na takav način ukazalo na percepciju diskriminacije od strane policije u sva tri ključna operativna segmenta rada policije. U vezi nekih pitanja data je i komparativna analiza sa rezultatima istraživanja stavova građana prema diskriminaciji koje je CESID sproveo 2013. godine.The paper analyzes the results of the research on the attitudes of the public order and traffic police officers in seven regional police departments in Serbia - Belgrade, Novi Sad, Subotica, Novi Sad, Niš, Kragujevac and Zaječar. The subject of the research is the analysis of the police attitudes on discrimination, recognition of its essence, the scope of vulnerability of particular social groups and recognition of the hate speech. Also, the subject of the research is: determination of relationship with measures which should improve the position of vulnerable groups and the relationship with the institutions in terms of their responsibility for the appearance of discrimination and its impact on the reduction, then the personal experience of discrimination and analysis of attitudes regarding certain claims of stereotypical character. The results of this research are given in the comparative analysis with the results of the research on the attitudes of members of the criminal police conducted in 2014, so we have indication of perception of discrimination by the police in all three key operating police areas. In regard to some issues, a comparative analysis of the results from the survey of citizens’ attitudes towards discrimination conducted in 2013 by CESID is provided
The Framework of Runtime Application Self-Protection Technology
No full textThis paper describes the basic concepts of a relatively new security approach - Runtime Application Self-Protection Technology (RASP), whose wider implementation is expected in the near future. The current focus of this technology is on the vulnerabilities of Java and. NET platforms. In addition to typification, the paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of RASP. Despite the undoubted advantages, it is not an independent and comprehensive solution to ensure the security of the software. In combination with the tried and tested conventional methods, RASP provides an efficient way to prevent malicious activities
Results from Recent European Research on Youth Violence Prevention: Some Lessons for Serbia
No full textThis paper analyses the results of a study entitled: Youth Deviance and Youth Violence: A European Multi-agency Perspective on Best Practices in Prevention and Control (YouPrev). This assessment was conducted in order to shed some light on the effects of current youth violence prevention measures in six European countries (Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain) and contributes to the future development of juvenile violent crime prevention in Serbia. Comparative and evaluative studies on preventive measures, as well as the exchange of experience and best practices, are considered preconditions for any appreciable improvement in youth violence prevention. Juvenile crime prevention in Serbia is (at least declaratively) widely understood as initiatives that require a systematic multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral approach. However, similar to the conclusions adopted in relation to European countries covered by the YouPrev study, juvenile delinquency prevention in Serbia must be improved, using evaluation and fundamental systematic approach. The importance of both future research on risk and protective factors, as well as a rigorous impact evaluation of preventive interventions, should be acknowledged in order to make a significant and viable progress in juvenile crime prevention in Serbia
Police role in local crime prevention - experiences from Serbia
No full textPurpose: This paper examines problems and benefits from actual police activities in local crime prevention in Serbia. Methods: The research is based on analysis of normative-legal framework, strategies, programs and plans that regulate the actions of police in crime prevention at community level in Serbia, analysis of reports on implemented preventive activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Serbia and analysis of the available literature. Findings: The data show that there is a need for further normative-legal regulation partnerships between police and other entities at local community in Serbia, as well as need to undertake further efforts in order to define specific prevention programs and plans in local communities based on a systematic analysis of the problems that lead to crime and disorder. Research limitations: More extensive studies on preventive police activities at the community level are necessary in Serbia, as the current state of knowledge is largely based on analysis of preventive policing practices in other countries, especially the Anglo-Saxon countries. Originality: Research results have identified good practices, as well as problems related to the community policing in Serbia. Identified problems should be addressed in further development of community policing strategies in Serbia
Neuromehaničke funkcionalne kontraktilne karakteristike mišića butine merene metodom tenziomiografije kod sportista i nesportista muškog pola
Get PDFInvoluntary neuromechanical muscle contractile properties, especially of the extensor muscles and knee joint flexors as the largest muscle groups of the caudal part of the body, play an important role in both everyday movement and sport. Based on these data we can obtain important information on the functional properties of muscles. The basic means of evaluation of the functional involuntary neuromechanical muscles contractile properties is the non-invasive tensiomyographic method (TMG). The aim of this study was to determine the differences between the involuntary neuromechanical contractile properties of the thigh muscles measured using the TMG method on a sample of male athletes and non-athletes. The sample of participants was made up of 17 athletes and 10 non-athletes. By applying the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the t-test, we achieved results which indicate that of the overall 30 variables, a difference was determined among 13 of them. Most of the differences were determined for the extensor muscles of the right knee, especially of the rectus femoris muscle. It was also shown that in addition to the main knee joint extensor muscle (rectus femoris) the main knee joint flexor muscle (biceps femoris) also takes part in the definition of the difference between athletes and non-athletes. The results have shown that the following variables: contraction time (Tc) and delay contraction time (Td) are the functional parameters for which the highest difference between athletes and non-athletes were determined (from t = -2.284, p lt 0.05 for the vastus lateralis of the right leg to t = -4.018, p lt 0.01 for the rectus femoris of the left leg). These results have shown that it is possible to determine the differences in the functional involuntary neuromechanical contractile properties of the thigh muscles among trained and untrained individuals using the tensiomyographic method, but at the same time indicated that these differences were very specific since they refer only to certain properties.Nevoljne neuromehaničke kontraktilne karakteristike mišića, naročito mišića opružača i pregibača zgloba kolena kao najvećih mišićnih grupa kaudalnog dela tela, imaju važnu ulogu kako u svakodnevnom kretanju tako i u sportu. Na osnovu tih podataka mogu se dobiti važne informacije o funkcionalnim karakteristikama mišića. Osnovni način za procenu funkcionalnih nevoljnih neuromehaničkih kontraktilnih karakteristika mišića jeste neinvazivna metoda tenziomiografije (TMG). Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi razlika nevoljnih neuromehaničkih kontraktilnih karakteristika mišića butine merenih TMG-om između sportista i nesportista muškog pola. Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 17 sportista i 10 nesportista. Primenom multivarijantne analize varijanse (MANOVA) i t-testa došlo se do rezultata koji ukazuju na to da je od ukupno 30 varijabli utvrđena razlika kod 13. Najviše razlika utvrđeno je kod mišića opružača zgloba kolena desne noge, a naročito kod mišića rektus femorisa. Takođe pokazalo se da pored mišića koji je glavni opružač (rektus femoris) i mišić glavni pregibač zgloba kolena (biceps femoris), učestvuje u definisanju razlike između sportista i nesportista. Rezultati su pokazali da su varijable: vreme kontrakcije (Ts) i odloženo vreme kontrakcije (Td), funkcionalni parametri kod kojih je utvrđena najveća razlika između sportista i nesportista (od t = -2.284, r lt 0.05 za vastus lateralis desne noge do t = -4.018, r lt 0.01 za rektus femoris leve noge). Ovi rezultati su pokazali da je moguće utvrditi razlike funkcionalnih nevoljnih neuro-mehaničkih kontraktilnih karakteristika mišića butine kod treniranih i netreniranih osoba primenom metode tenziomiografije, ali su isto tako pokazali da su te razlike vrlo specifične jer se odnose samo na pojedine karakteristike
Roadside public survey approach in black spot identification on rural roads: case study
Get PDFThis paper examines the possibility of applying the Subjective Black Spot Identification Method on state roads. A survey was conducted using interviews about 659 drivers' attitudes on the existence of Black Spots, on nine sections of state roads in the Republic of Serbia. A total of 124 locations were obtained which drivers believed were Perceived Dangerous Locations (PDLs). A set of hypotheses was defined in order to examine whether a particular PDL is a Black Spot and the test was carried out using the Bayesian Multiple Testing (BMT). Since an actual Black Spot has not been recognized as a PDL in the survey, which consequently is not subject to the BMT, new concept that includes: frequency of mishits in identifying real 'Black Spots' (RPM) and real 'non Black Spots' (RNM) and frequency of hits in identifying real 'Black Spots' (RPH) and real 'non Black Spots' (RNH) have been therefore introduced, enabling the inclusion of this outcome in the BMT. Optimisation methods have been proposed for the optimum threshold t selection with the minimization of the frequency of mishits (RPM and RNM) and maximization of the frequency of hits (RPH and RNH). Two operatively usable solutions have been offered here: if the consumption of resources and the effectiveness of spending of funds for identification are primarily low, then the best result is obtained using the optimisation with the minimization of the sum of mishits frequency. Then t = 24.7% (threshold of votes for selecting PDLs as Black Spots), and the ratio of correctly and wrongly selected Black Spots is 1:1.16. On the other hand, if the goal is to detect as many real Black Spots, regardless of the reduction in the effectiveness of spending of funds, then the optimisation with the equalizing of the frequencies of mishits gives the best results. In that case, t = 7.7%, and the ratio of correctly and wrongly selected Black Spots is 1:7.15
Modern migrations and diversityof conflict paradigm
Get PDFBy careful analysis of important trends, phenomena and processes that
characterize modern migration in the European context, the authors focus on the
emergency crisis management and address the national audiences, attempting to
construct the dominant model of conflict paradigm using a comparative analysis of
public discourses. Noting the transformation of migration policies and changes in
the structure of the migration, a complex security framework and the importance of
communication control and information management has been indicated, and, if not,
in certain parts of the European Union moral panic and chaos may spread. Critically
reviewing the current changes the authors extracted their economic, conditionally
organized and targeted resettlement, which will produce long-term tectonic
earthquakes in the countries of immigration. Some adaptation and acculturation
transformations might be visible, rapid and painful changes of disjunctive complex
process, typically leading to further conflict and contradiction. The analysis is focused
on the phenomenon of ethnic stratification that would eventually expand the social
distance between the majority and minorities, such as the disharmony within the social
processes and between them. As the idea of multiculturalism diminishes, a deepening
in internal, religious, ethnic and inter class difference will occur, which is essential for
effective and efficient management during the emergency crisis or potential conflicts
The place and role of Frontex in the implementation of the European Union's new border security policy
Get PDFThis paper presents the results of the analysis of the Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 on establishing the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union (FRONTEX). Also, the analysis of other regulations that amended the Regulation No 2007/2004 has been completed. The mentioned Regulation was made after the abolition of controls at internal borders of the EU when the Member States remained responsible for the control and surveillance of external borders in accordance with the common rules on standards and procedures for the control of external borders. FRONTEX was established to reinforce the security of external borders of the EU, with the role of coordinating the operational cooperation between the countries. This paper analyses the organization of FRONTEX, and it also presents its role in the implementation and coordination of joint operations, pilot projects, rapid interventions, as well as situations and conditions in which teams of European border guards are to be engaged. It provides a special view regarding the cooperation of FRONTEX with institutions outside the EU relevant to the issues of border security, particularly in those countries that have been identified as sources and transit routes of illegal migration, within the framework of working arrangements concluded with those bodies. FRONTEX has signed such Working Arrangement on establishing operational cooperation with the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Serbia. The Organizational unit of the MoI of the Republic of Serbia that realizes direct cooperation with this agency is the Border Police Directorate. The paper stated that Serbia as a candidate country for membership in the EU is working closely with the mentioned Agency. However, there is still room for improvement in this cooperation. Before its full membership in the EU, Serbia will have to adjust all the procedures in line with standards set by FRONTEX, for which substantial funds will be needed