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Design and characterization of alcalase-chitosan conjugates as potential biocatalysts
No full textIn this study, alcalase (protease from Bacillus licheniformis) immobilization by adsorption, enzyme crosslinking and covalent enzyme binding to activated chitosan microbeads were examined. The biocatalysts highest activity was obtained by covalent immobilization of alcalase onto a solid support. The alcalase covalent immobilization onto different types of chitosan beads obtained by inverse emulsion technique and electrostatic extrusion was studied. Parameters examined under different conditions were beads diameter, enzyme loading, enzyme capacity yield, and biocatalyst activity. The highest activity and enzyme loading of 23.6 IU/mg protein and 340.2 mg/g, respectively, were achieved by the enzyme immobilized onto chitosan microbeads obtained by the electrostatic extrusion technique. FT-IR analysis was used to confirm formation of alcalase-chitosan conjugates. The activity of optimally produced alcalase-chitosan microbeads was then verified in the industrially feasible reaction systems of egg white and soy protein hydrolysis. The high degree of hydrolysis of 29.85 +/- 0.967% after 180 min and five successive reuses obtained under real conditions (50 A degrees C, pH 8) verified the covalently bound alcalase to chitosan beads a promising candidate for use in industrial egg white protein hydrolysis process
Individualna bezbednost u akademskom diskursu
Get PDFContemporary security studies have opened the field for a multitude of new terms and concepts. Professional language enrichment of contemporary security studies has been a logical consequence of the expansion of their research fields, which occurs in response to emerging security threats and challenges, as well as to new subjects and objects of security studies and practices. The newly established post-Cold War era in security studies has been featured by calling in question the dominant state-centric understanding of the concept of security, which brings about the deepening of the concept to the individual level of analysis. In addition to the well-established terms as state security and national security, in contemporary security studies discourse there has been emerging terms that refer to the security dynamics that takes place on an individual level such as individual security, personal security and human security. However, in the academics’ writings these terms and concepts are often vaguely defined, and used in academics’ and public discourse in different ways, sometimes as synonyms, while in some cases the same terms are used with different meanings, which inevitably leads to a certain terminological imprecision. Variations in definition of terms and guidelines such as human security, individual security and personal security in domestic and foreign scholars’ papers point to the lack of universality and their fluid nature. These variations are partly considered to be the consequence of the complexity of these new concepts, but they also may be caused by too much latitude in interpretation of their meaning. This deprives these concepts of the stable and common meaning and poses an obstacle for their use in common academic discourse. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to find some standards in the use of these concepts and to link them with the dominant and prevailing meanings that are attached to them in academic use. In order to give an answer to the question of whether are they different concepts or the multiplication of the same concept, the meanings of the term individual security will firstly be presented when considered as a level of analysis in security studies, and then when it is considered as part of a broader political concept of human security.Savremene studije bezbednosti otvorile su polje za mnoštvo novih termina i koncepata. Obogaćivanje jezika savremenih studija bezbednosti logična je posledica širenja njihovog istraživačkog polja, koje nastaje kao odgovor akademske zajednice na novonastale bezbednosne izazove i pretnje, kao i nove subjekte i objekte studija i prakse bezbednosti. Posthladnoratovski period u studijama bezbednosti obeležen je i preispitivanjem dominantnog državocentričnog shvatanja pojma bezbednosti koje je rezultiralo produbljivanjem pojma i njegovom širenju ka individualnom nivou analize. Pored termina državna i nacionalna bezbednost, u diskursu savremenih studija bezbednosti javljaju se termini kao što su individualna bezbednost, lična bezbednost, bezbednost pojedinca i ljudska bezbednost. Međutim, u literaturi su ovi termini često nejasno određeni, pa se u akademskom diskursu koriste na različite načine. Nedoslednost u definisanju pojmova kao što su ljudska bezbednost, individualna bezbednost i lična (personalna) bezbednost kod domaćih i stranih autora neminovno ukazuje na njihovu fluidnu prirodu i nedovoljnu preciznost. Ona je posledica složenosti ovih novonastalih pojmova, ali i slobode u interpretaciji njihovih značenja koja sprečava da se sadržaj ovih pojmova učvrsti i postane deo zajedničkog, ustaljenog akademskog diskursa. Stoga, cilj rada je da ukaže na pravilnosti u upotrebi navedenih pojmova i poveže ih sa dominantnim, preovlađujućim značenjem za koje se u akademskoj upotrebi najčešće vezuju. Kako bi se dao odgovor na pitanje da li se radi o različitim pojmovima ili multiplikaciji istog pojma, u radu će se najprije izložiti sama upotreba termina individualna bezbednost, kao nivoa analize u studijama bezbednosti, a potom njegova upotreba kao dela jednog šireg političkog koncepta kakva je ljudska bezbednost
Terorizam kao savremena kategorija nacionalnog krivičnog zakonodavstva
Get PDFIn compliance with the tendencies expressed in the most important regional documents and comparative criminal justice systems, in accordance with the 2012 Law on Amendments and Additions to the Criminal Code, the Republic of Serbia rejects the previously accepted approach to the treatment of terrorism as a criminal offense from Chapter XXVIII of the criminal offenses against constitutional order and security of Serbia and transfers it to Chapter XXXIV of the crimes against humanity and international law, leaving at the same time narrow, and in contemporary conditions unacceptable, approach to distinguishing between the criminal offense of terrorism aimed at a national state and international terrorism. The new approach to defining the criminal offenses of terrorism is characterized by three dominant features: the first, which deals with a single criminal justice offense of terrorism, regardless of its orientation against a national state, a foreign state or an international organization, the second, which formally takes away the character of a political criminal offense from the criminal offense of terrorism by changing the chapter in which it is systematized within a special part of the Criminal Code and, the third, which introduces even five new offenses in accordance with the solutions accepted in international documents and comparative law. The paper analyzes new criminal offenses from the subgroup of the criminal offenses of terrorism under Chapter XXXIV of the crimes against humanity and international law, which is the main task of the criminal law science in the field of special part of criminal law, as well as the assessment of the compatibility of the national corpus of criminal justice provisions with the relevant documents accepted at the level of the European Union, with an emphasis on the importance of harmonizing criminal justice solutions related to terrorism for its effective prevention and suppression. However, the focus is on the view that the criminal justice response in this area is justified and necessary, but only as ultimate ratio in the fight against terrorism, as one of the severe forms of crime.U skladu sa tendencijama izraženim u najvažnijim regionalnim dokumentima i komparativnim krivičnopravnim sistemima Republika Srbija, Zakonom o izmenama i dopunama Krivičnog zakonika iz 2012. (ZID KZ iz 2012), odbacuje dotada prihvaćen pristup tretiranja terorizma kao krivičnog dela iz Glave XXVIII krivičnih dela protiv ustavnog uređenja i bezbednosti Srbije i prebacuje ga u Glavu XXXIV krivičnih dela protiv čovečnosti i međunarodnog prava, napuštajući istovremeno uzak i u savremenim uslovima neprihvatljiv pristup o razlikovanju krivičnog dela terorizma na terorizam usmeren ka domaćoj državi i međunarodni terorizam. Novi pristup definisanju krivičnih dela terorizma karakterišu dominantno tri osobine: prva koja se odnosi na predviđanje jedinstvenog krivičnopravnog pojma terorizma bez obzira na njegovu usmerenost protiv domaće države, strane države ili međunarodne organizacije, druga koja se odnosi na formalno oduzimanje krivičnom delu terorizma karaktera političkog krivičnog dela, promenom glave u kojoj je sistematizovano unutar posebnog dela KZ-a, i treća koja podrazumeva predviđanje čak pet novih krivičnih dela u skladu sa rešenjima prihvaćenim u međunarodnim dokumentima i u uporednom pravu. U radu se daje analiza novih krivičnih dela iz podgrupe krivičnih dela terorizma, u okviru Glave XXXIV krivičnih dela protiv čovečnosti i međunarodnog prava, koja predstavlja osnovni zadatak nauke krivičnog prava u oblasti posebnog dela krivičnog zakonodavstva kao i ocena o usklađenosti nacionalnog korpusa krivičnopravnih odredaba sa relevantnim dokumentima prihvaćenim na nivou Evropske unije, uz isticanje značaja koji harmonizacija krivičnopravnih rešenja u vezi sa terorizmom ima za njegovo efikasno sprečavanje i suzbijanje. Naglasak je na kraju ipak na stavu da je krivičnopravna reakcija u ovoj oblasti opravdana i nužna, ali samo kao ultima ratio u borbi protiv terorizma, kao jednog od teških oblika kriminaliteta
Unlawful manufacture, possesion, carrying and sale of firearms and explosives in theory and practice
No full textМогуће је поседовати оружје легално и нелегално. Када је реч о
уређивању правне материје легалног поседовања оружја prima ratio је Закона о оружју
и муницији (ЗООМ). Доношењем новог ЗООМ 2015. Године уведена је законска легализација
која
је
трајала
три
месеца
од
ступања
закона
на
снагу.
Поред
законске
легализације
постоји и тзв. "легализација" на основу члана 46. Закона којом министар унутрашњих
послова
расписује
легализацију
оружја
и
муниције.
Ultima
ratio
је
наравно
Кривични
законик. У члану 348. Кривичног законика прописано је кривично дело недозвољене
производње, држања, ношења и промета оружја и експлозивних материја. Последње
измене бића овог кривичног дела извршене су крајем 2016. Године при чему је пооштрена
законодавна
казнена
политика.
Нелегално поседовање оружја у Србији представља
део "националног фолклора". Тај проблем је продубљен након оружаних сукоба који су се
водили на просторима бивше СФРЈ, због чега је потребно реаговати и кривичноправним
одредбама.
Оружје је, након завршених оружаних сукоба, најчешће остајало у поседу
грађана. Дакле, оружје – најчешће легално добијено од органа државне власти,
прелазило је у илегални посед јер држава није имала евиденције о истом. Такође, оружје
купљено на "црном" постаје много чешће средство којим се врше најтежа кривична дела,
од оног које се налази у легалном поседу. Разлог је јасан – тешко му је ући у траг.
Како би се смањила количина ватреног оружја у илегалном поседу грађана држава примењује
различит
спектар
мера.
У овом раду бавићемо се теоријским и практичним аспектима спречавања и
сузбијања ове појаве, посебно са становишта кривичног права. Такође, бавићемо се и
анализом успешности осталих мера које примењују државни органи како би смањили
број илегалног оружја у поседу грађана.It is possible to possess firearms legally and illegally. When we talk about
regulation of legal material of legal possession of firearms prima ratio is the Law on Weapons
and Ammunition (LWA). By adopting the new LWA in 2015, statutory legalization was introduced
which
lasted
for
three
months
from
the
day
of
the
Law
coming
into
force.
In addition
to
statutory
legalization
there
is
also
so-called
"legalization"
based
on
Article
46 by which
the
Minister
of
Interior
may
declare
legalization
of
weapons
and
ammunition.
Ultima
ratio
is
of
course the Criminal Code. Article 348 of the Criminal Code prescribes the criminal offence of
unlawful manufacture, possession, carrying and sale of firearms and explosives. The most recent
amendments
of
the
specific
element
of
the
offence
were made
at
the
end
of
2016
and
the
legislative
criminal
policy was
tightened.
Unlawful possession of weapons in Serbia represents a part of "national folklore".
This problem has deepened further after armed conflicts in the territory of the former SFRY, which is why it is necessary to respond with appropriate criminal-law provisions as well. After
the armed conflicts had ended, the weapons most often remained in the possession of citizens.
Therefore, the weapons – most often legally obtained from state authorities – were transferred
into unlawful possession since the state did not keep records on them. Also, the weapons bought
in
the
"black
market"
far more often
become instruments
of
committing
the
most
serious
criminal
offences
than
those
in
legal
possession.
The
reason
is clear
–
they
are
difficult
to
trace.
In
order
to
reduce
the
quantity of
firearms
unlawfully
possessed by
citizens
the
state
uses
a
range
of
various
measures.
In this paper we shall deal with both theoretical and practical aspects of prevention
and suppression of this phenomenon, particularly from the aspect of criminal law. Also, we
shall analyze the success of other measures used by state authorities in order to reduce the
number of unlawfully possessed weapons by the citizens
Determinant characteristics of an adolescent member of a fan group
Get PDFRadom se želi odgovoriti na pitanje da li postoje određujuće zajedničke karakteristike adolescenata koji se priključuju navijačkim grupama. Osnova za to biće rezultati statističke analize podataka prikupljenih istraživanjem u periodu 2012–2014. godine. Uzorak je obuhvatio učenike sa teritorije Republike Srbije iz 12 gradova koji su imali prvoligaške fudbalske klubove u sezoni odigranoj 2012/2013. godine. Anketirano je 3662 učenika. Analiza prikupljenih podataka pokazala je da se mladi član navijačke grupe može opisati kao muškarac koji učestvuje u sukobima zbog pogrešno usmerenih navijačkih strasti, koji zloupotrebljava narkotike i protiv kojeg je policija podnosila krivične prijave nakon privođenja zbog navijačkog nasilja. On smatra da je dovoljno upoznat sa problemom navijačkog nasilja i njegovim posledicama i ne želi da se dodatno edukuje, ali i prepoznaje rasističke ispade kada se dese na sportskim borilištima
Migrant crisis as a threath to the concept of European security
Get PDFBy analyzing migration through a conflictual paradigm, the author ex-plores its potential terrorist framework, concentrating on the Balkan route and the role of Serbia and its security services in their prevention. Slow, but more evident changes in the ethnic, religious and cultural structure of the European Union’s population are causing a change in the security paradigm, which here will be clarified in detail. The theoretical definition of the migrant crisis as a more permanent and larger event with potentially negative consequences affecting the recipient countries, as well as their public, indicates their conflict and insufficiently deep integration, which creates a fertile ground for new conflicts. Time compression and information-communication dissemination of terrorist activities increases the number of highly-stressed situations, which requires a precise, fast and adequate response from crisis management. At the center of scientific atten-tion, there is a collision of national (especially religious) identities, creating a possible secu-rity disorder that affects the state, but in the long run it endangers the fundamental assumpti-ons, self-identity and essence of the European Union
Тhe eternal “battle between good and evil” of information security and cyber-crime
Get PDFНеопходност и популарност савремених дигиталних технологија, а посебно интернета, довели су до борбе у виртуалном свету (киберпростору) као и у реалном животу, „борбе добра и зла“ која непрестано траје од самог почетка и појаве ових технологија. Злоупотреба дигиталних технологија ремети склад и слободу коришћења интернета, као и све друге погодности и добробити које су савремене технологије донеле. Циљ рада је да се приказом савремених трендова киберкриминала, примерима из праксе, као и начина решавања проблема кроз постулате информационе безбедности, укаже на недостатке и недоследности у досадашњим приступима информационој безбедности у борби против киберкриминала. Жеља аутора је да допре како до индивидуалних корисника тако и до специјалиста из ове области, да упозори на потребу и утиче на уздизање свести о потреби заштите и самозаштите, а тиме и на безбедносну културу корисника различитих дигиталних технологија.The superiority of the Internet over other modern technological
discoveries stem from basic human needs that man as a social being has a
pronounced activity for communication and socializing. Great human need
for using the internet has become a necessity and give a new quality to human life, but it also woke up and his dark side, visible at every step, which
led to „the battle between good and evil“, i.e. the abuse of all types of digital
technology. Briefly, digital technologies have become the „Achilles‘ heel“ of the
information society, especially if it is known that the cyber-crime, as well as
information security are product and a result of human activities. The article
presents the contemporary trends of cybercrime, practical examples as well as
ways of solving problems through the postulate of information security. It also
points to gaps and inconsistencies in the previous approaches to information
security in the fight against cybercrime. The author’s wish is to reach out to
individual users as well as to specialists in this field, to warn of the need and
affect raising awareness of the need for protection and self-defense, and thus
the safety culture of different users of digital technologies. The article suggests
that only a holistic approach that includes all aspects of information security
(knowledge and user behaviour as well as technical solutions) can provide one
step ahead of the cyber criminals
Регулисање сектора приватне безбедности у Европској унији
No full textThis manuscript focuses on the inconsistency of harmonization in the field of the private security sector and security companies. Security companies are businesses that provide security services in the market. Until a few years ago, the services provided by these companies were considered as part of regular public affairs. Today, many of the businesses in the area of security are fully open to private security companies and regulated at the national level. However, in terms of the EU,
the private security sector cannot fully grow without synchronizing areas that would
facilitate cross-border competition in the European market. Possible intervention
by the European legislators to consider the issue of liability of private security
companies on issues of human rights, which has not been discussed at the national
or transnational basis. The article will explore some of the possible options for the
future in better regulation of the European private security sector. The EU institutions
are generally not willing to intervene at European level in setting minimum standards
for the regulation of private security. Accordingly, changes in the field of the EU
relating to security, legislation and private security industry means that the current
thinking and attitude may be a new understanding, which could be radicalized
thinking and consideration
Dejan Bošković, Vladimir Cvetković: Procena rizika u sprečavanju izvršenja krivičnih dela eksplozivnim materijama, Beograd: Kriminalističko-policijska akademija, 2017
Get PDFThe Design of the Personal Enemy - MIMLeBot as an Intelligent Agent in a Game-based Learning Environment
No full textA bot is one of the main elements of all computer video games, frequently used for the creation of various opponent characters within a game. Opponent modeling is the problem of predicting the agent actions in a gaming environment. This paper proposes and describes the implementation of a bot as a personal opponent in a small educational game. In order to increase the efficiency when using such a small educational application/module, artificial intelligence was added in the form of a bot competing with the students. Pedagogical elements of the intelligent learning system are introduced through the pedagogical model and the student model. This paper demonstrates the use of the student model to present the player model built by the experience of a human teacher, with true/false questions incorporated with the bot strategy into the opponent model. The authors use the Monte Carlo approach in this implementation, known as artificial intelligence technique and a best-first search method used in most video games, but to the best of their knowledge, it has not been used for prediction in educational games based on bot strategy. The results highlight that the Monte Carlo approach presented via the BFTree classifier provides the best classification accuracy compared with other predictive models based on data mining classifiers. It was shown that the training data from the human player can help in creating a bot strategy for a personalized game-based learning system. The Help option can be used for the assessment of the students' current knowledge by counting the number of Help option accesses, the player relies on Help as a 'source of knowledge' needed to complete the game task successfully. The obtained results show that the bot (personal opponent) stimulated players to replay the game multiple times, which may contribute to the increase of the students' knowledge