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Inversion Charge Density of MOS transistor with Generalized Logistic Functions
Get PDFIn this paper, the expression for the charge density in inversion layer at the surface of semiconductor has been improved. The improvement is related to the replacement of an empirical smoothing factor by new one which has generalized logistic (GL) functional form. The introduction of the GL function of the second type in the original interpolating expression leads to continual and smooth transition of the inversion charge density (ICD) between different regions of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) operation. Moreover, in this way any empirical determinations are avoided. The simulated values of the ICD match closely with the numerical results of implicit charge sheet model for a wide range of dopant concentration and oxide thickness. In addition, the proposed GL fitting procedure has been also extended in the case where quantum mechanical effects play important role in inversion mode of scaled MOS devices
Police cynicism in Serbia: prevalence, nature and associations with job satisfaction
No full textPurpose The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the first research on prevalence, nature and correlates of the police cynicism in Serbia, with particular attention to the associations of cynicism with job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a paper-based survey, and obtained from 472 police officers from five police departments across the country. For the purpose of measuring of organizational and work aspects of police cynicism a new developed 24 five-level Likert-type items scale was used. Findings The results show that cynicism is normally distributed. No statistically significant gender, education or police rank differences were identified, and the length of service does not appear to influence cynical attitudes significantly. Cynicism scores statistically significantly varied across police departments and predicted job dissatisfaction. The underlying four-factor structure of police cynicism was identified. The factors include: general organizational cynicism; cynicism toward police hierarchy/superiors; cynicism toward public/citizen cooperation; and cynicism toward modernization of policing in the crime control field. Research limitations/implications The generalizability of the sample is limited, giving that participants come from only five out of a total of 27 police departments in the country, while the female police officers and officers with education higher than high school were somewhat overrepresented. Originality/value This research provides some more evidence on the nature and determinants of police cynicism that might inspire future research in this important but under-researched area. It implies that the need to explore more deeply relations between police cynicism and stress, burnout and particularly contextual and departmental factors that might be influential to police cynicism. It might also incite future research on the internal structure of police cynicism
Intelligent e-service for detecting malicious code based agent technology
No full textImplementation of new ICT technologies aims at improving government services all over the world. The main agent technology in ICT technology based artificial intelligence in the proposed e-service is that it recognizes a cyber-attack after the state has completed the e-form on the website approved by any citizen and sends out the obtained results of the computer scan. Intelligent e-service decides whether to post the threat to a computer emergency response team of the Ministry of Interior or reject it after the final danger parameters have been obtained. This 1paper presents possible support decision system in the process that detects malicious code
Criminal and Disciplinary Liability of Physicians for Passive Bribery in the Hippocrates Affair
No full textPassive bribery under Art. 293 Par. 2 of the official Croatian Criminal Code is a crime of corruption, with which a number of primary care physicians have been charged. They have as responsible persons, received bribes to perform what they are already required to perform during the course of their own business or through their regular activities; in other words, they have received bribes from drug manufacturear to prescribe their own medications. Criminal proceedings, initiated against 364 accused physicians in the Hippocrates Affair are slowly concluding. Completed criminal proceedings, for now, ended with the 283 convictions, which were mainly the result of a settlement between physicians and the Office for the Suppression of Corruption and Organised Crime. However, for the physicians, the case is not closed, because after the final convictions, the Croatian Medical Chamber decided to conduct disciplinary proceedings to determine the unworthiness of convicted doctor. In this paper, the authors examined the responsibility of the physicians accused of bribery based on the Criminal Code, as well as other regulations and acts of the Croatian Medical Chamber which regulate the work of primary care physicians. An analysis of the final judgment in the Hippocrates Affair highlighted the sentences imposed and confiscated material gained through individual criminal offenses committed by physicians. In conclusion, the degree of the endangered property and its consequences are presented. Based on the investigationand analyzes of the situation, we offer de lege ferenda suggestions
Da li je opravdana legalizacija medicinske i rekreativne upotrebe kanabisa?
Get PDFCannabis is the most widespread drug in the market in almost all countries across the world. Given that it belongs to the group of so-called soft drugs and, under certain conditions, it is used for medical purposes, the question may arise as to whether it is justified to legalize the use of cannabis. This problem is current, since some countries have already legalized medical, or recreational use of cannabis. Our view that it is justified to legalize the medical use of this plant is expounded in this paper. Contrary to that, we hold that the legalization of commercial sale and recreational use of cannabis is not acceptable. The method of content analysis was used to analyse scientific papers. The method of deduction and induction as well as the synthesis method were also used.Kanabis je najrasprostranjenija droga na tržištu u gotovo svim zemljama sveta. S obzirom na to da se ubraja u grupu tzv. lakih droga i da se pod određenim uslovima koristi u medicinske svrhe, postavlja se pitanje da li je opravdano legalizovati upotrebu kanabisa. Pitanje je aktuelno jer su pojedine zemlje već legalizovale medicinsku odnosno rekreativnu upotrebu kanabisa. U radu će biti obrazloženo stanovište autora da je legalizacija medicinske upotrebe ove biljke opravdana. Suprotno tome, a prema mišljenu autora rada, legalizacija komercijalne prodaje i rekreativne upotrebe kanabisa nije prihvatljiva. U analizi literature koja se odnosi na temu rada korišćen je metod analize sadržaja
Reforma policije zasnovana na strateškim osnovama - osvrt na Predlog Strategije razvoja Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova 2018-2023.
Get PDFFor the past two decades, the reform process in the Ministry of the Interior has been aimed at creating a professional, efficient and accountable police. In order to achive this, it was necessary to create a strategic and normative framework in which the police can act on the principles of new philosophy, organisation and style of work. This process currently continues by producing and evaluating the proposal of the Development Strategy of Ministry of Interior 2018-2023. This paper presents the main points of the proposed Development Strategy, which outline the basis for continuing the implementation of reforms and determine the direction of further development of the police in the Republic of Serbia. More specifically, after determining the vision, mission and general goal of the Ministry of Interior, three strategic areas are discussed: 1) security, 2) development of institutional capacities and cooperation and 3) citizen service. After getting to know the priorities and goals that are grouped within these three strategic areas, some parts of the contents will be considered separately, presenting the foundations and attitudes of importance for the reform and further development of the police in the Republic of Serbia. The proposed strategy continues to transform the police not only to correspond to concrete social conditions and situation in the country, but also to its development in a modern institution. The strategy has well identified the development directions and priorities of security. It recognised and analyzed the capacities necessary for their realisation, such as human resources, cooperation at the national, regional and international level, information and communication technologies, the availability of international developmental funds, as the main prerequisites for improving the functioning of the police organisation and contributing to its effectiveness and efficiency. Clearly defining strategic priorities and identifying capacities and resources for their management and implementation are a special contribution of the proposed Strategy and are an important guideline for further reform moves in the Serbian police.U Ministarstvu unutrašnjih poslova od 2001. godine odvija se proces reformi čiji je cilj stvaranje profesionalne, efikasne i odgovorne policije. Za to je bilo potrebno stvoriti strateški i normativni okvir u kojima policija može da deluje na principima nove filozofije, organizacije i stila rada. Taj proces je nastavljen i u aktuelnom vremenu predlogom Strategije razvoja Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova 2018-2023. U ovom radu predstaviće se najvažniji stavovi predloga Strategije razvoja koji ocrtavaju osnove za nastavak sprovođenja reformi i utvrđuju pravac daljeg razvoja policije u Republici Srbiji. Konkretno, posle određenja vizije, misije i opšteg cilja Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova, govori se o tri strateške oblasti: 1. Bezbednost, 2. razvoj institucionalnih kapaciteta i saradnje i 3. servis građana. Posle upoznavanja sa prioritetima i ciljevima koji su grupisani u okviru ove tri strateške oblasti, izdvojiće se i promišljati pojedini delovi sadržaja u kojima se prezentuju osnove i stavovi od značaja za reformu i dalji razvoj policije u Republici Srbiji
Pojedine nedoumice u primeni Zakona o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici
Get PDFThe paper contains an analysis of certain provisions of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the first effects of its implementation. At the very beginning the question is asked of justification of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence. Almost on a daily basis nowadays the news headlines refer to violence among the family members, particularly the violence of men against women and children. The main debate in media is about whether the state organs and society as a whole have taken all necessary steps to prevent violence from happening at all. The authors point to the unacceptable terminology of the legislator. There are many questions asked and an attempt is made to give the answers to some of them following the legal norms. Who is the possible perpetrator of domestic violence? What kind of procedure are we talking about? What is the role of the defender in this procedure? Do urgent measures play preventive or repressive role? Has their imposing become a dominant manner in preventing and suppressing domestic violence? Has the right to freedom of a possible perpetrator been jeopardized? What are the first effects of such manner of conduct of state organs, primarily the police, the public prosecution office and the court? How can possible abuses be prevented? One of the effects of the implementation of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence should be prevention - the reduction in number of criminal offences of domestic violence. However, analyzing the available data the authors have come to quite the opposite conclusions. This means that the state has not responded in the best manner, using strict scientific reasoning and objective approach, to the matter of doctrinal analysis, and this is the problem of domestic violence.Rad sadrži analizu pojedinih odredaba Zakona o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici i prvih efekata njegove primene. Odmah na početku se postavlja pitanje opravdanosti Zakona o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici. Danas se udarne vesti u kolumnama svakodnevno odnose na nasilje među članovima porodice, naročito muškaraca nad ženama i decom. Glavna polemika u medijima vodi se o tome da li su državni organi i društvo u celini preduzeli sve što je neophodno da do nasilja ne dođe. Autori ukazuju na neprihvatljivu terminologiju zakonodavca. Postavljaju mnogobrojna pitanja i na neka od njih pokušavaju da daju odgovore prateći norme zakona. Ko je mogući učinilac nasilja u porodici? Koja je vrsta postupka u pitanju? Uloga branioca u ovom postupku? Da li hitne mere imaju preventivnu ili represivnu ulogu? Da li je njihovo izricanje postalo dominantan način sprečavanja i suzbijanja nasilja u porodici? Da li je ugroženo pravo na slobodu mogućeg učinioca? Kakvi su prvi efekti ovakvog načina rada državnih organa, pre svega policije, javnog tužilaštva i suda? Kako sprečiti eventualne zloupotrebe? Jedan od efekata primene Zakona o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici trebalo bi da bude prevencija - smanjenje broja krivičnih dela nasilja u porodici. Međutim, analizom dostupnih podataka autori zaključuju upravo suprotno. To znači da država nije na najbolji način, sa strogim naučnim rezonom i objektivnim pristupom, odgovorila na problem nasilja u porodici, koji je predmet doktrinarne analize u ovom radu
Elementi od značaja za procenu ugroženosti ljudi od efekata požara na otvorenom i posebno šumskom prostoru
Get PDFThere has been an increase in the occurrence in threats to life, environment and property caused by disastrous wildfires, and especially forest fires in the territory of Serbia. Firefighters-rescue service members are citizens taking part in fire extinguishing and rescue operations are exposed to multiple destructive factors involved in such situations. In the period between 2009 and 2015, these destructive effects of fire caused morbidity in 57 firefighters and 267 citizens and mortality in of 53 citizens. It is therefore necessary to comprehend the origin and type of destructive factors and risks to humans and the environment in order to foresee and provide measures for protection against fire more easily. The procedure for alleviating threats to humans related to destructive factors involved in wildfire and especially forest fires is based on identifying, analysing, and estimating potential risks and threats. The paper focuses on the influence of destructive factors of fire and forest fire in particular, as well as morbidity and mortality rates in the course and immediately after the fire in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. Authors have suggested a systematization of severity indexes - elements essential for assessing the risk levels - which have been categorised into three ranks and six types (flammable substances, scope of fire, location of origin, fire intensity, surface layout, air temperature, rainfall, relative air humidity and wind intensity). Based on the proposed method of aqssessing risks and threats from forest fires, responsible services can establish the levels of danger and take necessary measures for the protection of persons participating in extinguishing fires and rescue operations.Na području Srbije sve je učestalija pojava pretnji po ljude, životnu sredinu i materijalna dobra od katastrofalnih požara na otvorenom prostoru, a posebno u šumama. Vatrogasci-spasioci i građani, učesnici akcija gašenja po- žara i spasavanja na otvorenom prostoru, a posebno kod šumskih požara, izloženi su uticajima više destruktivnih faktora požara. U periodu od 2009. do 2015. godine od efekata destruktivnih faktora požara na otvorenom prostoru došlo je do morbiditeta 57 vatrogasaca i 267 ostalih lica i mortaliteta 53 ostala lica. Razumevanjem pojava i vrste destruktivnih faktora požara i rizika po ljude i životnu sredinu lakše se planiraju i obezbeđuju mere zaštite. Postupak smanjenja ugroženosti ljudi od destruktivnih faktora požara na otvorenom prostoru zasniva se na identifikaciji, analizi i proceni potencijalnih rizika i pretnji. U radu je obrađen uticaj destruktivnih faktora požara na otvorenom prostoru i posebno u šumskim požarima, kao i mortalitet i morbiditet za vreme i neposredno nakon požara na teritoriji Republike Srbije. Takođe, u radu su predloženi i kvantifikovani u tri ranga i šest vrsta (gorive materije, veličine požara, mesta nastajanja, intenzitet požara, konfiguracija terena, temperatura vazduha, količina padavina, relativne vlažnosti vazduha i jačine vetra) težinski indeksi - elementi od značaja za ocenjivanje nivoa rizika. Na osnovu predloženog načina procene ugroženosti i rizika od šumskih požara, nadležne službe mogu sagledati nivoe opasnosti i preduzeti potrebne mere za zaštitu zdravlja učesnika akcija gašenja požara i spasavanja
The impact of functional groups of poly(ethylene glycol) macromers on the physical properties of photo-polymerized hydrogels and the local inflammatory response in the host
No full textPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can be functionalized and modified with various moieties allowing for a multitude of cross-linking chemistries. Here, we investigate how vinyl sulfone, acrylate, and maleimide functional end groups affect hydrogel formation, physical properties, viability of encapsulated cells, post polymerization modification, and inflammatory response of the host. We have shown that PEG-VS hydro gels, in the presence of a co-monomer, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), form more efficiently than PEG-Ac and PEG-Mal hydrogels, resulting in superior physical properties after 6 min of ultraviolet light exposure. PEG-VS hydrogels exhibited hydrolytic stability and non-fouling characteristics, as well as the ability to be modified with biological motifs, such as RGD, after polymerization. Additionally, unmodified PEG-VS hydrogels resulted in lesser inflammatory response, cellular infiltration, and macrophage recruitment after implantation for 28 days in mice. These findings show that altering the end group chemistry of PEG macromer impacts characteristics of the photo-polymerized network. We have developed a tunable non-degradable PEG system that is conducive for cell or tissue encapsulation and evokes a minimal inflammatory response, which could be utilized for future immunoisolation applications. Statement of Significance The objective of this study was to develop a tunable non-degradable PEG system that is conducive for encapsulation and evokes a minimal inflammatory response, which could be utilized for immunoisoladon applications. This study has demonstrated that reactive functional groups of the PEG macromers impact free radical mediated network formation. Here, we show PEG-VS hydrogels meet the design criteria for an immunoisolating device as PEG-VS hydrogels form efficiently via photo-polymerization, impacting bulk properties, was stable in physiological conditions, and elicited a minimal inflammatory response. Further, NVP can be added to the precursor solution to expedite the cross-linking process without impacting cellular response upon encapsulation. These findings present an additional approach/chemistry to encapsulate cells or tissue for immunoisolation applications
Parlamentarna vlada u Srbiji od 1888. do 1914. godine - između prava i politike
Get PDFThe paper analyses the institutions of modern constitutionality in the Kingdom of Serbia in the period since it became a parliamentary state by the adoption of the Constitution in 1888 until the end of the Great War which marked the end of its independent state development. The answer to the key question raised in the paper - what was the political regime of Serbia in that period - demanded the assessment of the parliamentary system established by the constitution of 1888 to be made after analysing the application of nominal constitutional solutions. The Constitution of 1888, as one of the most liberal constitutions in Europe, undoubtedly allowed the political life in Serbia to be in line with the standards of modern democratic European states of that time. On the other hand, the absence of certain social and political characteristics that constitutional theory deems necessary for the successful functioning of parliamentarism was in the contemporary Serbia the hindering factor in the construction of the liberal-democratic regime. It is precisely for this reason that the conclusion on whether the introduction of modern state institutions by the constitution of 1888 meant the establishment of a modern political regime in Serbia, stated in the paper, is based on the analysis of constitutionality and political institutions in the light of the relation between the nominal and the real. Under the powerful authority of the Crown during the rule of the Obrenovic dynasty, the Radicals experienced strong pressure from the monarchy. Starting from the so-called Timocka rebellion in 1883 until the May 1903 coup, they gradually gave up their program based on the idea of national sovereignty embodied through the Parliament with supreme power and comforted to the concept of parliamentary monarchy which promoted both the Liberals and the Progressives. The result was an agreement with the Crown and the other two political parties, giving birth to the Constitution of 1888. Only four years later, it was annulled by a coup d'etat provoked by the Crown, who had power still strong enough to resist the Radicals who persisted in building a party state, rather than a parliamentary regime. In the internal political life in Serbia after the annulment of the Constitution of 1888, until 1903, two main features were growing limitation of political freedoms with frequent coups, on the one hand, and a growing readiness of the Radical party for a compromise, on the other. The politics of compromise led by the Radicals chief Pasic resulted in separating and creating a new, Independent radical party in 1904. After the May coup the Constitution of 1888 was brought back to life with certain changes in electoral system which was tilted to the majority system as the Constitution of 1903, which returned the political system in Serbia in a parliamentary form. The several limitations that the parliamentary practice in Serbia experienced until the outbreak of the Great War were not the same during the whole period, but were enough to form a special model of the parliamentary system with the domineering Radical's interpretation of the principle of majority as its essence.U radu se analiziraju institucije moderne ustavnosti u Kraljevini Srbiji u razdoblju od kada je ona, usvajanjem Ustava od 1888, postala parlamentarna država do Velikog rata, čiji je završetak označio i kraj njenog samostalnog državnopravnog razvitka. Odgovor na ključno pitanje koje se u radu postavlja ‒ kakav je politički režim Srbija imala u tom periodu, zahtevao je, najpre, osvrt na razvoj ideje parlamentarizma u Srbiji, potom analizu nominalnih ustavnih rešenja i njihove primene u vreme kada je Ustav od 1888. bio na snazi, kao i poređenje političkih režima uspostavljenih u prvoj i drugoj fazi primene tog ustava. Zaključci o karakteru tog političkog režima, nesumnjivo, ne bi bili potpuno utemeljeni ukoliko bi se iz diskursa izostavilo razdoblje od 1894. do 1903. godine, tokom kojeg nije bilo uslova za parlamentarnu vladavinu pošto je, umesto suspendovanog Ustava od 1888, podlogu razvitka ustavnosti činio najpre Ustav od 1869, a potom Ustav od 1901. godine. Ustav od 1888, kao jedan od najliberalnijih ustava u Evropi, nesumnjivo je omogućavao da se politički život u Srbiji odvija u skladu sa standardima modernih demokratskih evropskih država onoga doba. S druge strane, nepostojanje izvesnih socijalnih i političkih karakteristika, koje ustavnopravna teorija smatra neophodnim za uspešno funkcionisanje parlamentarizma, bilo je u onovremenoj Srbiji ometajući faktor u izgradnji liberalno-demokratskog režima. Upravo je zbog tog, uočenog nesklada zaključak o tome da li je uvođenje institucija moderne države Ustavom od 1888. značilo i uspostavljanje modernog političkog režima u Srbiji u radu utemeljen na analizi ustavnosti i političkih institucija u svetlu odnosa nominalnog i stvarnog